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The Effect of Prophylactic Anticoagulation with Heparin on the Brain Cells of Sprague-Dawley Rats in a Cardiopulmonary-Cerebral Resuscitation Model. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:8430746. [PMID: 33005203 PMCID: PMC7504766 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8430746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
After a cardiac arrest (CA) of 5 to 10 min, a marked activation of blood coagulation occurs and microthrombi are found in the cerebral vessels. These microcirculatory disturbances directly affect the outcome on cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects and potential mechanisms of prophylactic anticoagulation on rat brain cells after cerebral CPR. After setting up an asphyxial CA model, we monitored the basic parameters such as the vitals and survival rate of the rats and assessed the respective neurological deficit (ND) and histological damage (HD) scores of their brain tissues. We, furthermore, investigated the influence of heparin on the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, CD40, NF-κB, and HIF-1α after asphyxial CA. The results showed that anticoagulation with heparin could obviously improve the outcome and prognosis of brain ischemia, including improvement of neurological function recovery and prevention of morphological and immunohistochemical injury on the brain, while significantly increasing the success rate of CPR. Treatment with heparin significantly inhibited the upregulation of CD40, NF-κB, and HIF-1α induced by asphyxial CA. Thrombolysis treatment may improve the outcome and prognosis of CPR, and future clinical studies need to evaluate the efficacy of early heparin therapy after CA.
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Lu J, Liu LJ, Zhu JL, Shen Y, Zhuang ZW, Zhu CL. Hypothermic properties of dexmedetomidine provide neuroprotection in rats following cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:817-825. [PMID: 31258715 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dexmedetomidine (Dex) is a sedative and analgesic agent that is widely administered to patients admitted to the intensive care unit, and has been demonstrated to result in hypothermia. Many patients have been revealed to benefit from therapeutic hypothermia, which can mitigate cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury following successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation. However, studies investigating the efficacy of Dex in I/R treatment is lacking. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of Dex in mitigating neuronal damage, and to determine the possible mechanism of its effects in a rat model of cardiac arrest (CA). CA was induced in Sprague-Dawley rats by asphyxiation for 5 min. Following successful resuscitation, the surviving rats were randomly divided into two treatment groups; one group was intraperitoneally administered with Dex (D group), whereas the control group was treated with normal saline (N group). Critical parameters, including core temperature and blood pressure were monitored following return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Arterial blood samples were collected at 10 min after surgery (baseline) 30 and 120 min post-ROSC; and neurological deficit scores (NDS) of the rats were taken 12 or 24 h after ROSC prior to euthanasia. The hippocampal tissue was then removed for analysis by histology, electron microscopy and western blotting. Rats in the D group exhibited a lower core temperature and higher NDS scores compared with the N group (P<0.05). In addition, Dex injection resulted in reduced expression of apoptotic and autophagy-associated factors in the hippocampus (P<0.05). Dex treatment induced hypothermia and improved neurological function in rats after ROSC following resuscitation from CA by inhibiting neuronal apoptosis and reducing autophagy, which suggested that Dex may be a potential therapy option for patients with CA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Lu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, P.R. China.,Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215002, P.R. China
| | - Li-Jun Liu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Liang Zhu
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215007, P.R. China
| | - Yi Shen
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215002, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Wei Zhuang
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215002, P.R. China
| | - Chang-Lai Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration, Nantong Medical College of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226200, P.R. China
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Lin J, Wu W, Xu Z, Liu S, Lu W, Pan M. Effects of NaHS and hydroxylamine on the expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its receptors in rats after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2018; 26:109. [PMID: 30577733 PMCID: PMC6303943 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-018-0577-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND H2S can also protect nerve cells. The objective of the study is to investigate the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on the expressions of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and its receptors, tyrosine protein kinase B (TrkB) and p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), in brain tissues of rats with cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CA/CPR) following the restoration of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). METHODS Rats (n = 240) with CA/CPR were divided into three groups: Intervention (n = 80) that received sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS, 14 μmoL/kg·d) intervention after ROSC; Inhibition (n = 80) that received hydroxylamine (40 μmoL/kg·d) intervention after ROSC; and Control (n = 80) that received saline after ROSC. Kaplan-Meyer analysis was used to analyze the survival data. Quantitative real-time PCR (q-PCR), Western blot, immunohistochemistry and IODs (integrated optical density) were performed to determine the mRNA and protein expressions of BDNF, TrkB and p75NTR in rat brain tissues. RESULTS Survival rate of the three groups had significant difference (χ2 = 28.376, p = 0.000). The Intervention group had the highest survival rate (82.5%), while the Inhibition group had the lowest survival rate (62.5%). The mRNA and protein levels of BDNF and TrkB in the Intervention group were significantly higher compared to the Control group (p < 0.05); while the mRNA and protein levels of BDNF and TrkB in the Inhibition group was significantly lower than the Control group (p < 0.05) on days 1, 3, and 7. However, the mRNA and protein levels of p75NTR in the Intervention group were significantly lower than the Control group (p < 0.05); while the mRNA and protein levels of p75NTR in the Inhibition group were significantly higher than the Control group (p < 0.05) on days 1, 3, and 7. CONCLUSION NaHS treatment increases the survival rate of rats after CA and ROSC by upregulating the expression and activation of BDNF and its receptor TrkB, and down-regulating p75NTR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyan Lin
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No 55, Zhenhai Rd, Xiamen, 361003, China.
| | - Weicheng Wu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No 55, Zhenhai Rd, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Zhihong Xu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No 55, Zhenhai Rd, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Siyao Liu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No 55, Zhenhai Rd, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Wang Lu
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No 55, Zhenhai Rd, Xiamen, 361003, China
| | - Mandong Pan
- Emergency Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, No 55, Zhenhai Rd, Xiamen, 361003, China.
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Pharmacologically induced reversible hypometabolic state mitigates radiation induced lethality in mice. Sci Rep 2017; 7:14900. [PMID: 29097738 PMCID: PMC5668348 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15002-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic hypothermia has proven benefits in critical care of a number of diseased states, where inflammation and oxidative stress are the key players. Here, we report that adenosine monophosphate (AMP) triggered hypometabolic state (HMS), 1–3 hours after lethal total body irradiation (TBI) for a duration of 6 hours, rescue mice from radiation-induced lethality and this effect is mediated by the persistent hypothermia. Studies with caffeine and 6N-cyclohexyladenosine, a non-selective antagonist and a selective agonist of adenosine A1 receptor (A1AR) respectively, indicated the involvement of adenosine receptor (AR) signaling. Intracerebroventricular injection of AMP also suggested possible involvement of central activation of AR signaling. AMP, induced HMS in a strain and age independent fashion and did not affect the behavioural and reproductive capacities. AMP induced HMS, mitigated radiation-induced oxidative DNA damage and loss of HSPCs. The increase in IL-6 and IL-10 levels and a shift towards anti-inflammatory milieu during the first 3–4 hours seems to be responsible for the augmented survival of HSPCs. The syngeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT) studies further supported the role of radiation-induced inflammation in loss of bone marrow cellularity after TBI. We also showed that the clinically plausible mild hypothermia effectively mitigates TBI induced lethality in mice.
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Yu Q, Wang B, Zhao T, Zhang X, Tao L, Shi J, Sun X, Ding Q. NaHS Protects against the Impairments Induced by Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation in Different Ages of Primary Hippocampal Neurons. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:67. [PMID: 28326019 PMCID: PMC5339257 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain ischemia leads to poor oxygen supply, and is one of the leading causes of brain damage and/or death. Neuroprotective agents are thus in great need for treatment purpose. Using both young and aged primary cultured hippocampal neurons as in vitro models, we investigated the effect of sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS), an exogenous donor of hydrogen sulfide, on oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) damaged neurons that mimick focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) induced brain injury. NaHS treatment (250 μM) protected both young and aged hippocampal neurons, as indicated by restoring number of primary dendrites by 43.9 and 68.7%, number of dendritic end tips by 59.8 and 101.1%, neurite length by 36.8 and 66.7%, and spine density by 38.0 and 58.5% in the OGD-damaged young and aged neurons, respectively. NaHS treatment inhibited growth-associated protein 43 downregulation, oxidative stress in both young and aged hippocampal neurons following OGD damage. Further studies revealed that NaHS treatment could restore ERK1/2 activation, which was inhibited by OGD-induced protein phosphatase 2 (PP2A) upregulation. Our results demonstrated that NaHS has potent protective effects against neuron injury induced by OGD in both young and aged hippocampal neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Binrong Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Tianzhi Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Xiangnan Zhang
- Division of Scientific Research, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Tao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Jinshan Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital Guiyang, China
| | - Xude Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
| | - Qian Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an, China
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Lv J, Wang F, Qiang J, Ren X, Chen Y, Zhang Z, Wang Y, Zhang W, Chen X. Enhanced response speed and selectivity of fluorescein-based H2S probe via the cleavage of nitrobenzene sulfonyl ester assisted by ortho aldehyde groups. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 87:96-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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