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Differential Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology Analysis of Silkworm Biotransformation between Mulberry Leaves and Silkworm Droppings. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:8819538. [PMID: 34306157 PMCID: PMC8263261 DOI: 10.1155/2021/8819538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Silkworm droppings are the product of mulberry leaves digested by silkworm intestines, which are an important medicinal resource in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). The contents of total fat, fat acids, crude protein, amino acids, and secondary metabolites of obtained mulberry leaves and silkworm droppings were analyzed by HPLC, GC-MS, and UHPLC-Q-TOF MS. The target genes and enriched pathways related to significantly changed compositions between mulberry leaves and silkworm droppings were analyzed by network pharmacology. High unsaturated C18 : 3 fatty acids were transformed to low unsaturated C18 : 1 from mulberry leaves to silkworm droppings. Only lysine and 17 mini-peptides had significantly higher content in silkworm droppings than in mulberry leaves. There were 36 common target genes or the different compounds between mulberry leaves and silkworm droppings. The main pathways of mulberry leaf were enriched in antivirus and anticancer properties, while the pathways of silkworm droppings were enriched in hormone regulation and signal transduction.
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Ding L, Tan Y, Xu L, Jin Y, Liu Y, Tu H, Zhang D, Wu B, Chen Y, Shen H, Liu L, Huang T, Zhou F. Shengxuening Extracted from Silkworm Excrement Mitigates Myelosuppression via SCF-Mediated JAK2/STAT3 Signaling. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100139. [PMID: 33973702 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Shengxuening (SXN) is a Chinese patent medicine with main ingredients (including chlorophyll derivatives and sodium iron chlorophyllin) extracted from silkworm excrement. SXN exhibited efficacy in clinical trials of renal anemia and iron deficiency anemia; however, the specific mechanisms remain unclear. This study found that SXN increased the number of peripheral blood cells and improved the bone marrow morphology in myelosuppressed mouse model, reversed the reduction in body weight and spleen indices, and increased the serum levels of erythropoietin and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor. Quantitative real-time PCR array and Western blot analysis showed the enhanced expression of stem cell factor (SCF), JAK2, and STAT3 in the liver. These results suggested that SXN promoted the recovery of hemopoietic function in myelosuppressed models by increasing the secretion of hematopoietic factors and activating the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. Therefore, this medicine may be applied as therapeutic pharmaceutical drug to mitigate myelosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Ding
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuhang District, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Yuxin Tan
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuhang District, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Lulin Xu
- Wuhan United Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Yanxia Jin
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuhang District, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Yin Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuhang District, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Honglei Tu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuhang District, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuhang District, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Balu Wu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuhang District, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Yiran Chen
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuhang District, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuhang District, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuhang District, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Huang
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuhang District, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169 Donghu Road, Wuhang District, Wuhan, 430071, P. R. China
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Efficacy of SXN in the Treatment of Iron Deficiency Anemia: A Phase IV Clinical Trial. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:8796234. [PMID: 30941201 PMCID: PMC6421013 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8796234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Shengxuening (SXN) tablet is extracted from the excrement of the silkworm and has effects on hematopoiesis. The main components of SXN are chlorophyll derivatives and sodium iron chlorophyllin (SIC). The present study aims to investigate the efficiency and safety of SXN on iron deficiency anemia. This phase IV, multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical trial was conducted in 31 hospitals in China from June 2001 to April 2002. Adults and children were randomly divided into low-dose (L-SXN), medium-dose (M-SXN), and high-dose (H-SXN) groups, respectively. The course of treatment was 1 month. Peripheral hemogram levels and iron status were examined before and after treatment. Adults in all three dose groups demonstrated a significant increase in hemoglobin (HGB) concentration. Children who received SXN treatment in medium and high doses also demonstrated increased HGB concentration. Reticulocyte counts increased at the end of treatment in the M-SXN and H-SXN adult groups and in the M-SXN child group. For both children and adults, SXN in the three dose groups was found to significantly elevate red blood cell level, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration. The total effective rate in the SXN-treated group reached 84.8%. The incidence of adverse events was 4.07%. The most common side effects were nausea (2.83%), diarrhea (0.74%), and rash (0.25%). SXN was proved to be efficient and safe for adults and children with iron deficiency anemia.
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Huang X, Wu J, Li Q, Gu S, Chen Z, Wang K. Silkworm feces extract improves iron deficiency anemia via suppressing hepcidin expression and promoting iron-regulatory proteins expression. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra09576g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to explore the preventive efficacy of SFE toward iron deficiency anemia in rats and clarify the underlying mechanisms. Findings suggest that SFE may be an efficient oral iron supplement to ameliorate iron deficiency anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Huang
- Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Jun Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Qiang Li
- Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Saisai Gu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Zehong Chen
- Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
| | - Kaiping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Nature Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation
- Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology
- Wuhan
- China
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