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Safaryan AS, Nebieridze DV. Sympathetic hyperactivity in patients with hypertension: pathogenesis and treatment. Part II. КАРДИОВАСКУЛЯРНАЯ ТЕРАПИЯ И ПРОФИЛАКТИКА 2021. [DOI: 10.15829/1728-8800-2021-2845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The second part of the review considers different classes of drugs affecting blood pressure in increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system. Additional possibilities are discussed on how to reduce the negative effect of sympathetic hyperactivity on cardiovascular system and improve the prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Safaryan
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
| | - D. V. Nebieridze
- National Medical Research Center for Therapy and Preventive Medicine
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Hu D, Huang X, Zheng C, Zhu Y, Chen L, Lin H, Liao Y. [Contribution of sympathetic activation to antihypertrophic memory after regression of exercise-induced physiological myocardial hypertrophy in mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:495-503. [PMID: 33963707 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.04.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether anti-hypertrophic memory exists after regression of exercise-induced physiological myocardial hypertrophy (PMH) and explore the contribution of sympathetic activation to hypertrophic memory formation. OBJECTIVE Seventy-two mice were randomized equally into 6 groups, including sedentary sham-operated group, exercise hypertrophic preconditioning (EHP) + sham operation group, bisoprolol (an adrenergic β1 receptor blocker) + EHP + sham operation group (biso+Exe+Sham group), sedentary group with transverse aortic constriction (TAC) (Sed+TAC group), EHP+ TAC group (Exe+TAC group), and bisoprolol+EHP+TAC group (biso+Exe+TAC group). The mice in the EHP groups were subjected to 3 weeks of swimming training, and in the bisoprolol groups, bisoprolol was administered by gavage once daily from two days before till the end of the training. One week after the training, TAC or sham surgery was performed. Echocardiography and hemodynamic measurements were performed to evaluate cardiac function of the mice, and the myocardial tissues were examined histologically to detect cardiac remodeling. OBJECTIVE Compared with the sedentary group, the mice receiving 3 weeks of swimming training had significantly increased heart weight to body weight ratio (HW/BW), HW to tibia length ratio (HW/TL), and the cross-sectional area of the cardiomyocytes (P < 0.05). One week after the training, exercise-induced PMH rapidly diminished and both HW/BW and HW/TL recovered the baseline levels. Treatment with bisoprolol obviously prevented the occurrence of PMH. Four weeks after TAC, the left ventricular posterior wall thickness, HW/BW, HW/TL, left ventricular end diastolic pressure and cross-sectional area of cardiomyocytes were all significantly lower (P < 0.05) while the left ejection fraction and maximal change rate of left ventricular pressure were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in Exe + TAC group than in Sed + TAC group. No significant difference was found in these parameters between biso + Exe + TAC group and Sed + TAC group. OBJECTIVE Anti-hypertrophic memory exists even after the regression of exercise-induced PMH, which may be attributed to the activation of sympathetic nervous system during exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Hu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - X Huang
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - C Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Y Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - L Chen
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - H Lin
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Y Liao
- Department of Cardiology, State Key Laboratory of Organ Failure Research, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Shock and Microcirculation, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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You Y, Guo Y, Jia P, Zhuang B, Cheng Y, Deng H, Wang X, Zhang C, Luo S, Huang B. Ketogenic diet aggravates cardiac remodeling in adult spontaneously hypertensive rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:91. [PMID: 33117428 PMCID: PMC7586698 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00510-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ketogenic diet (KD) has been proposed to be an effective lifestyle intervention in metabolic syndrome. However, the effects of KD on cardiac remodeling have not been investigated. Our aim was to investigate the effects and the underling mechanisms of KD on cardiac remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Methods 10-week-old spontaneously hypertensive rats were subjected to normal diet or ketogenic diet for 4 weeks. Then, their blood pressure and cardiac remodeling were assessed. Cardiac fibroblasts were isolated from 1- to 3-day-old neonatal pups. The cells were then cultured with ketone body with or without TGF-β to investigate the mechanism in vitro. Results 4 weeks of KD feeding aggravated interstitial fibrosis and cardiac remodeling in SHRs. More interestingly, ketogenic diet feeding increased the activity of mammalian target of rapamyoin (mTOR) complex 2 pathway in the heart of SHRs. In addition, β-hydroxybutyrate strengthened the progression of TGF-β-induced fibrosis in isolated cardiac fibroblasts. mTOR inhibition reversed this effect, indicating that ketone body contributes to cardiac fibroblasts via mTOR pathway. Conclusions These data suggest that ketogenic diet may lead to adverse effects on the remodeling in the hypertensive heart, and they underscore the necessity to fully evaluate its reliability before clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua You
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Yongzheng Guo
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Ping Jia
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Biaobiao Zhuang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Yu Cheng
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Hongpei Deng
- Institute of Life Science, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Xiaowen Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Suxin Luo
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
| | - Bi Huang
- Division of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016 China
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Abstract
To date, many questions about the extent and cause of pharmacokinetic (PK) variability of even the most widely studied and prescribed β1-adrenergic receptor blockers, such as metoprolol and bisoprolol, remain unanswered. Given that there are still no published population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) analyses of bisoprolol in routinely treated patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS), the aim of this study was to determine its PK variability in 71 Serbian patients with ACS. PopPK analysis was conducted using a nonlinear mixed-effects model (NONMEM), version 7.3.0 (Icon Development Solutions). In each patient, the same formulation of bisoprolol was administered once or twice daily at a total daily dose of 0.625-7.5 mg. We separately assessed the effects of 31 covariates on the PKs of bisoprolol, and our results indicated that only 2 covariates could have possible influence on the variability of the clearance of bisoprolol: the mean daily dose of the drug and smoking habits of patients. These findings suggest that possible autoinduction of drug metabolism by higher total daily doses and induction of cytochrome P450 isoform 3A4 (CYP3A4) by cigarette smoke in liver could be the potential causes of increased total clearance of bisoprolol in patients with ACS.
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Ostroumova OD, Kochetkov AI. Myocardial Strain and Stiffness Parameters as a Novel Target of Antihypertensive Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 58:72-81. [PMID: 30625080 DOI: 10.18087/cardio.2018.11.10203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 11/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In the review, the clinical significance of increased myocardial stiffness and strain impairment in the settings of arterial hypertension is considered. The mechanisms of increasing myocardial stiffness as a part of hypertensive heart disease are presented. Particular attention is paid to the role of the sympathetic nervous system activation as one of the triggers that induce the connective tissue alteration of cardiac interstitium. The possibilities of echocardiography in the early noninvasive detection of myocardial strain abnormalities are discussed. New ultrasound parameters for describing stiffness properties of the heart are presented. From the evidence-based medicine point of view, the prognostic significance of increasing myocardial stiffness as a risk factor of the adverse cardiovascular events, as well as the possibility of its management with different antihypertensive drugs, is considered. Finally, there are presented clinical trials data, indicating high potential of the highly selective ^1-adrenoblocker bisoprolol for of correction myocardial stiffness and strain impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- O D Ostroumova
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Russian Gerontology Clinical Research Center; A. I. Yevdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry.
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Sun S, Kee HJ, Jin L, Ryu Y, Choi SY, Kim GR, Jeong MH. Gentisic acid attenuates pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in mice through inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:5964-5977. [PMID: 30256522 PMCID: PMC6237595 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2018] [Revised: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that gentisic acid (2,5‐dihydroxybenzoic acid) is the third most abundant phenolic component of Dendropanax morbifera branch extracts. Here, we investigated its effects on cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in a mouse model of pressure overload and compared them to those of the beta blocker bisoprolol and calcium channel blocker diltiazem. Cardiac hypertrophy was induced in mice by transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Beginning 2 weeks after this procedure, the mice were given daily intraperitoneal injections of gentisic acid (100 mg/kg/d), bisoprolol (5 mg/kg/d) or diltiazem (10 mg/kg/d) for 3 weeks. Cardiac hypertrophy was evaluated by the heart weight‐to‐body weight ratio, the cardiomyocyte cross‐sectional area after haematoxylin and eosin staining, and echocardiography. Markers of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were tested by reverse transcription‐quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and Masson's trichrome staining. The suppressive effects of gentisic acid treatment on TAC‐induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis were comparable to those of bisoprolol administration. Cardiac hypertrophy was reversed and left ventricular septum and posterior wall thickness were restored by gentisic acid, bisoprolol and diltiazem treatment. Cardiac hypertrophic marker gene expression and atrial and brain natriuretic peptide levels were decreased by gentisic acid and bisoprolol, as were cardiac (interstitial and perivascular) fibrosis and fibrosis‐related gene expression. Cardiac hypertrophy‐associated upregulation of the transcription factors GATA4 and Sp1 and activation of extracellular signal‐regulated kinase 1/2 were also negated by these drugs. These results suggest that gentisic acid could serve as a therapeutic agent for cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simei Sun
- Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Molecular Medicine, Brain Korea 21 PLUS, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Hae Jin Kee
- Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Li Jin
- The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children's Hospital Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuhee Ryu
- Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sin Young Choi
- Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Gwi Ran Kim
- Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myung Ho Jeong
- Heart Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea.,Hypertension Heart Failure Research Center, Chonnam National University Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
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Imoto K, Okada M, Yamawaki H. Expression profile of matricellular proteins in hypertrophied right ventricle of monocrotaline-induced pulmonary hypertensive rats. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1096-1102. [PMID: 28496027 PMCID: PMC5487790 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Matricellular proteins, a non-structural extracellular matrix (ECM) component, bind to
and modulate various molecules including growth factor, cytokine, protease, other ECM
components and cell membrane receptors. While most matricellular proteins are hardly
expressed in normal adult tissue, they are re-expressed in heart tissue during cardiac
diseases. The present study aimed to clarify the mRNA expression profile of matricellular
proteins [secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine: SPARC, hevin, thrombospondin
(TSP)-1, -2 and -4, CCN1 and 5, tenascin (Tn) C and N, periostin and osteopontin (OPN)] in
hypertrophied right ventricle (RV) of monocrotaline (MCT)-induced pulmonary hypertensive
rats. Male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally treated with MCT or saline. Two or three
weeks after MCT treatment, echocardiography was performed, and mRNA expression of
matricellular proteins was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction. MCT (2 weeks)
induced pulmonary hypertension, RV dysfunction and hypertrophy, which were all worsened 3
weeks after MCT treatment. Expression of mRNA for SPARC, hevin, TnC, TSP-1, -2 and -4,
CCN1 and 5, periostin and OPN but not TnN was significantly upregulated in RV of MCT (2
weeks)-treated rats. Expression of mRNA for TSP-4, CCN1 and 5 and periostin was
continuously increased in RV of MCT (3 weeks)-treated rats. The present study for the
first time revealed the mRNA expression profile for matricellular proteins in RV of
MCT-treated rats for 2 or 3 weeks, which will be helpful to clarify the relationship for
matricellular proteins and pathogenesis of MCT-induced RV hypertrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Imoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 bancho 35-1, Towada-shi, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Muneyoshi Okada
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 bancho 35-1, Towada-shi, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Yamawaki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Higashi 23 bancho 35-1, Towada-shi, Aomori 034-8628, Japan
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