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Mahnoor I, Shabbir H, Nawaz S, Aziz K, Aziz U, Khalid K, Irum S, Andleeb S. Characterization of exclusively non-commensal Neisseria gonorrhoeae pangenome to prioritize globally conserved and thermodynamically stable vaccine candidates using immune-molecular dynamic simulations. Microb Pathog 2023; 185:106439. [PMID: 37944674 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ngo) has emerged as a global threat leading to one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases in the world. It has also become one of the leading antimicrobial resistant organisms, resulting in fewer treatment options and an increased morbidity. Therefore, in recent years, there has been an increased focus on the development of new treatments and preventive strategies to combat its infection. In this study, we have combined the most conserved epitopes from the completely assembled strains of Ngo to develop a universal and a thermodynamically stable vaccine candidate. For our vaccine design, the epitopes were selected for their high immunogenicity, non-allergenicity and non-cytotoxicity, making them the ideal candidates for vaccine development. For the screening process, several reverse vaccinology tools were employed to rigorously extract non-homologous and immunogenic epitopes from the selected proteins. Consequently, a total number of 3 B-cell epitopes and 6 T-cell epitopes were selected and joined by multiple immune-modulating adjuvants and linkers to generate a promiscuous immune response. Additionally, the stability and flexible nature of the vaccine construct was confirmed using various molecular dynamic simulation tools. Overall, the vaccine candidate showed promising binding affinity to various HLA alleles and TLR receptors; however, further studies are needed to assess its efficacy in-vivo. In this way, we have designed a multi-subunit vaccine candidate to potentially combat and control the spread of N. gonorrhoeae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Mahnoor
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Hamna Shabbir
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Shabana Nawaz
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Kinza Aziz
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ubair Aziz
- School of Interdisciplinary Engineering & Sciences National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Kashaf Khalid
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sidra Irum
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Saadia Andleeb
- Atta-ur-Rehman School of Biosciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan.
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Blancas-Luciano BE, Zamora-Chimal J, da Silva-de Rosenzweig PG, Ramos-Mares M, Fernández-Presas AM. Macrophages immunomodulation induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis and oral antimicrobial peptides. Odontology 2023; 111:778-792. [PMID: 36897441 PMCID: PMC10492884 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is a keystone pathogen associated with periodontitis development, a chronic inflammatory pathology characterized by the destruction of the supporting teeth structure. Macrophages are recruited cells in the inflammatory infiltrate from patients with periodontitis. They are activated by the P. gingivalis virulence factors arsenal, promoting an inflammatory microenvironment characterized by cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6), prostaglandins, and metalloproteinases (MMPs) that foster the tissular destruction characteristic of periodontitis. Furthermore, P. gingivalis suppresses the generation of nitric oxide, a potent antimicrobial molecule, through its degradation, and incorporating its byproducts as a source of energy. Oral antimicrobial peptides can contribute to controlling the disease due to their antimicrobial and immunoregulatory activity, which allows them to maintain homeostasis in the oral cavity. This study aimed to analyze the immunopathological role of macrophages activated by P. gingivalis in periodontitis and suggested using antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic agents to treat the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Esther Blancas-Luciano
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
- Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas, Unidad de Posgrado, Ciudad Universitaria, Edificio D, 1° Piso, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Jaime Zamora-Chimal
- Unidad de Investigación en Medicina Experimental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Hospital General de México, Dr. Balmis, 148 Col. Doctores, Del. Cuauhtémoc, C.P. 06726, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Pablo Gomes da Silva-de Rosenzweig
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Mariana Ramos-Mares
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan, State of Mexico, Mexico
| | - Ana María Fernández-Presas
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Col. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 3000, CP 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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3
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Yuan Q, Li L, Peng Y, Zhuang A, Wei W, Zhang D, Pang Y, Bi X. Biomimetic nanofibrous hybrid hydrogel membranes with sustained growth factor release for guided bone regeneration. Biomater Sci 2021; 9:1256-1271. [PMID: 33470265 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm01821j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A biomimetic nanofibrous membrane can immobilize growth factors or agents to obtain sustained release and prolonged effect in tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyue Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Lunhao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yiyu Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology
- the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University
- China
| | - Ai Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Wei Wei
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Yan Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xiaoping Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology
- Ninth People's Hospital
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine
- Shanghai
- China
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4
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Tang R, Wang S, Yang J, Wu T, Fei J. Application of platelet-rich plasma in traumatic bone infections. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2020; 19:867-875. [PMID: 33259253 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2021.1858801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Traumatic bone infection represents a clinical challenge for orthopedic surgeons. Traditional treatments include surgical debridement and antibiotic, but prolonged use of antibiotic may lead to colonization of resistant bacteria and other adverse reactions.Areas covered: Platelet-rich plasma (PRP), a biological product extracted from the peripheral blood of patients, has been widely used in the field of tissue repair in recent years. Because if its structural and antibacterial properties, PRP is an innovative option for the prevention and treatment of infections. This review assesses the recent scientific literature on PRP, specifically its in the treatment of infections. To this end, a literature review was conducted using the PubMed and Web of Science databases with the following keywords 'platelet-rich plasma (PRP)'; 'PRP AND traumatic bone infections'; 'PRP AND bone defect'; 'PRP AND antibiotics'; and 'PRP AND wound healing'.Expert opinion: This review focuses on the mechanism of action, preparation methods, clinical applications and other aspects related to PRP to provide a reference for its use in the treatment of traumatic bone infections, thereby enhancing the therapeutic effectiveness and improving the prognosis of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruohui Tang
- Outpatient Department of 96824 Troops of the Chinese People's Liberation Army, Kunming, China
| | - Shaochuan Wang
- Emergency Department of Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Emergency Department of Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Yan'an Hospital Affiliated to Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jun Fei
- Emergency Department of Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Trauma, Burns and Combined Injury, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, China
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Komi DEA, Khomtchouk K, Santa Maria PL. A Review of the Contribution of Mast Cells in Wound Healing: Involved Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2020; 58:298-312. [PMID: 30729428 DOI: 10.1007/s12016-019-08729-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 174] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mast cells (MCs), apart from their classic role in allergy, contribute to a number of biologic processes including wound healing. In particular, two aspects of their histologic distribution within the skin have attracted the attention of researchers to study their wound healing role; they represent up to 8% of the total number of cells within the dermis and their cutaneous versions are localized adjacent to the epidermis and the subdermal vasculature and nerves. At the onset of a cutaneous injury, the accumulation of MCs and release of proinflammatory and immunomodulatory mediators have been well documented. The role of MC-derived mediators has been investigated through the stages of wound healing including inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. They contribute to hemostasis and clot formation by enhancing the expression of factor XIIIa in dermal dendrocytes through release of TNF-α, and contribute to clot stabilization. Keratinocytes, by secreting stem cell factor (SCF), recruit MCs to the site. MCs in return release inflammatory mediators, including predominantly histamine, VEGF, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8, that contribute to increase of endothelial permeability and vasodilation, and facilitate migration of inflammatory cells, mainly monocytes and neutrophils to the site of injury. MCs are capable of activating the fibroblasts and keratinocytes, the predominant cells involved in wound healing. MCs stimulate fibroblast proliferation during the proliferative phase via IL-4, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) to produce a new extracellular matrix (ECM). MC-derived mediators including fibroblast growth factor-2, VEGF, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), TGF-β, nerve growth factor (NGF), IL-4, and IL-8 contribute to neoangiogenesis, fibrinogenesis, or reepithelialization during the repair process. MC activation inhibition and targeting the MC-derived mediators are potential therapeutic strategies to improve wound healing through reduced inflammatory responses and scar formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Elieh Ali Komi
- Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Kelly Khomtchouk
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 801 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Peter Luke Santa Maria
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Stanford University, 801 Welch Rd, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
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Peng Y, Li L, Yuan Q, Gu P, You Z, Zhuang A, Bi X. Effect of Bifunctional β Defensin 2-Modified Scaffold on Bone Defect Reconstruction. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:4302-4312. [PMID: 32149260 PMCID: PMC7057706 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering has emerged as an effective alternative treatment to the problem of bone defect. To repair a bone defect, antibiosis and osteogenesis are two essential aspects of the repair process. By searching the literature and performing exploratory experiments, we found that β defensin 2 (BD2), with bifunctional properties of antibiosis and osteogenesis, was a feasible alternative for traditional growth factors. The antimicrobial ability of BD2 against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was studied by the spread plate and live/dead staining methods (low effective concentration of 20 ng/mL). BD2 was also demonstrated to enhance osteogenesis, with higher messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein expression of the osteogenic markers collagen I (Col1), runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), osteopontin (Opn), and osteocalcin (Ocn) in vitro (1.5-2.5-fold increase compared with the control group in the most effective concentration group), which was consistent with the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alizarin red S (ARS) staining results. We implanted poly(sebacoyl diglyceride) (PSeD) combined with BD2 and rat bone tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) under the back skin of rats and found that the inflammatory response was significantly lower with this combination than with the PSeD/rBMSCs scaffold without BD2 and the pure PSeD group and was similar to the control group. Importantly, when assessed in a critical-sized in vivo rat 8 m diameter calvaria defect model, a scaffold we developed combining bifunctional BD2 with porous organic polymer displayed an osteogenic effect that was 160-200% greater than the control group. The in vivo study results revealed a significant osteogenic response and antimicrobial effect and were consistent with the in vitro results. In summary, BD2 displayed a great potential of simultaneously promoting bone regeneration and preventing infection and could provide a viable alternative to traditional growth factors applied in bone defect repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Peng
- Department of Ophthalmology,
Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
| | - Lunhao Li
- Department of Ophthalmology,
Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
| | - Qingyue Yuan
- Department of Ophthalmology,
Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
| | - Ping Gu
- Department of Ophthalmology,
Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
| | - Zhengwei You
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of
Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, Shanghai Belt and Road Joint
Laboratory of Advanced Fiber and Low-dimension Materials (Donghua
University), College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Ai Zhuang
- Department of Ophthalmology,
Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
- E-mail: . Tel: 18930843344. Fax: +8621-63134218 (A.Z.)
| | - Xiaoping Bi
- Department of Ophthalmology,
Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai
Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 639 Zhizaoju Road, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai 200011, P. R. China
- E-mail: . Tel: +8621-63135606. Fax: +8621-63134218 (X.B.)
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7
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Pan W, Xu X, Wang Y, Song X. Interleukin-35 reduces inflammation in acute lung injury through inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:1695-1700. [PMID: 32104222 PMCID: PMC7027134 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) in children is a complex disease that is accompanied by an inflammatory response. The pathogenesis of ALI in children is not yet well understood. Mice with ALI exhibit inflammation of the lungs and decreased expression of interleukin (IL)-35. To investigate whether the function of IL-35 affects lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI, IL-35 was overexpressed in cells. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays indicated decreased levels of IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α in LPS-induced and agomir-IL-35-treated murine RAW264.7 macrophages. Finally, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NF-κB signaling pathways were analyzed. The expression of TLR4, NF-κB p65 and NF-κB p50 were decreased, as was the degradation of NF-κB inhibitor-α, in LPS-induced and agomir-IL-35-treated murine RAW264.7 macrophages. The results of the present study demonstrated that IL-35 may exhibit a protective role in ALI by modulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Pan
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoheng Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
| | - Yan Wang
- Experimental Center, Jilin Police College, Changchun, Jilin 130117, P.R. China
| | - Xingyu Song
- Department of Pediatrics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130041, P.R. China
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8
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Zhai Y, Wang Y, Rao N, Li J, Li X, Fang T, Zhao Y, Ge L. Activation and Biological Properties of Human β Defensin 4 in Stem Cells Derived From Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1304. [PMID: 31695620 PMCID: PMC6817489 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulpitis in primary teeth, a condition caused by presence of bacteria, is highly prevalent worldwide. The use of biocompatibility materials with anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and regenerative properties is critical for prognosis of this endodontic disease. This study aimed to identify expression of human β defensin 4 (HBD4) in stem cells derived from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHED) and characterize the effects of HBD4 on SHED. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to detect HBD4 expression in SHED and the effect of HBD4 on inflammatory factors in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated SHED. Affinity measurement was made by the Fortebio Octet System to explore the potential interaction between LPS and HBD4. Western blot analysis was used to explore the effect of HBD4 on mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Colony-forming unit methods and scanning electron microscopy were applied to study antimicrobial effect of HBD4 on Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Alkaline phosphatase staining, alizarin red staining, qPCR and western blot were taken to detect effects of HBD4 on osteoblast/odontoblast differentiation of SHED. RT2 Profiler PCR Array was used to explore the potential signaling pathways involved in the osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation. HBD4 was highly expressed in SHED stimulated by TNF-α and IL-1α. HBD4 could bind to LPS directly and down-regulate IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α in LPS-stimulated SHED, thus the activation of MAPK pathway decreased. HBD4 was sensitive to P. gingivalis and enhanced osteoblast/odontoblast differentiation potential of SHED by modulating Notch pathway. HBD4 was highly expressed in SHED stimulated by proinflammatory cytokines, and possessed anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial activity. HBD4 promoted osteogenic/odontogenic differentiation of SHED. HBD4 may thus represent a suitable agent for vital pulp therapy in future clinic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhai
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Nanquan Rao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Jingzhi Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxia Li
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Tengjiaozi Fang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yuming Zhao
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Lihong Ge
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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9
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Silva ON, Porto WF, Ribeiro SM, Batista I, Franco OL. Host-defense peptides and their potential use as biomarkers in human diseases. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:1666-1671. [PMID: 29803935 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Revised: 05/06/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Since the early 19th century, host-defense peptides (HDPs) have been known to play a crucial role in innate host defense. Subsequent work has demonstrated their role in adaptive immunity as well as their involvement in cancer and also a number of inflammatory and/or autoimmune diseases. In addition to these multiple functional activities, several studies have shown that HDP accumulation might be correlated with various human diseases and, therefore, could be used as a biomarkers for such. Thus, research has aimed to validate the clinical use of HDPs for diagnosis, prognosis, and further treatment. In this review, we outline the most recent findings related to the use of HDPs as biomarkers, their clinical and epidemiological value, and the techniques used to determine the levels of HDPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osmar N Silva
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - William F Porto
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Porto Reports, 70790-160, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Suzana M Ribeiro
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal da Grande Dourados, Dourados-MS
| | - Ingrid Batista
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Octavio Luiz Franco
- S-Inova Biotech, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil; Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Departamento de Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Yuan X, Wang J, Cheng M, Zhang X. Mouse β-defensin-14 for inducing the maturation of dendritic cells. Int Immunopharmacol 2017; 55:133-141. [PMID: 29253819 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2017.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-defensins are an excellent antimicrobial peptide against microbial infection in which dendritic cells (DCs) play a crucial role by improving the innate and adaptive immune defense. However, it is unclear whether BDs affect DC maturation. This work aimed to study the effects of mouse β-defensin-14 (MBD-14) on DC maturation. METHODS Via in vitro using mouse bone marrow DCs, the maturation of DCs was evaluated by cell morphological staining, flow cytometry, endocytosis assay, and allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction, respectively. And it was also assessed by in vivo establishing a mouse air-pouch model for flow cytometric determination, cytokine analysis, and histological staining. Additionally, CLI-095, an inhibitor of Toll-like receptor-4 (TLR-4), was used to determine whether TLR-4 is possibly involved in DC maturation. RESULTS It was found MBD-14 promoted DCs to form more filopodia and lamellipodia, increased the expression of DC maturation markers (CD40 and MHC-II), decreased their endocytic capacity, and enhanced T-cell proliferation. The analyses of the air-pouch exudates were consistent with the in vitro results of MBD-14 activating DCs. And when CLI-095 was applied, DC maturation was inhibited partly. CONCLUSIONS This work demonstrates that MBD-14 can promote the maturation of DCs in which TLR-4 is possibly involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangwei Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Mengqi Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Xianlong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200233, China.
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11
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Prantner D, Shirey KA, Lai W, Lu W, Cole AM, Vogel SN, Garzino-Demo A. The θ-defensin retrocyclin 101 inhibits TLR4- and TLR2-dependent signaling and protects mice against influenza infection. J Leukoc Biol 2017; 102:1103-1113. [PMID: 28729359 PMCID: PMC5597516 DOI: 10.1189/jlb.2a1215-567rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A member of the θ‐defensin family protects mice during infection with influenza, suggesting a new strategy for viral therapy in humans. Despite widespread use of annual influenza vaccines, seasonal influenza‐associated deaths number in the thousands each year, in part because of exacerbating bacterial superinfections. Therefore, discovering additional therapeutic options would be a valuable aid to public health. Recently, TLR4 inhibition has emerged as a possible mechanism for protection against influenza‐associated lethality and acute lung injury. Based on recent data showing that rhesus macaque θ‐defensins could inhibit TLR4‐dependent gene expression, we tested the hypothesis that a novel θ‐defensin, retrocyclin (RC)‐101, could disrupt TLR4‐dependent signaling and protect against viral infection. In this study, RC‐101, a variant of the humanized θ‐defensin RC‐1, blocked TLR4‐mediated gene expression in mouse and human macrophages in response to LPS, targeting both MyD88‐ and TRIF‐dependent pathways. In a cell‐free assay, RC‐101 neutralized the biologic activity of LPS at doses ranging from 0.5 to 50 EU/ml, consistent with data showing that RC‐101 binds biotinylated LPS. The action of RC‐101 was not limited to the TLR4 pathway because RC‐101 treatment of macrophages also inhibited gene expression in response to a TLR2 agonist, Pam3CSK4, but failed to bind that biotinylated agonist. Mouse macrophages infected in vitro with mouse‐adapted A/PR/8/34 influenza A virus (PR8) also produced lower levels of proinflammatory cytokine gene products in a TLR4‐independent fashion when treated with RC‐101. Finally, RC‐101 decreased both the lethality and clinical severity associated with PR8 infection in mice. Cumulatively, our data demonstrate that RC‐101 exhibits therapeutic potential for the mitigation of influenza‐related morbidity and mortality, potentially acting through TLR‐dependent and TLR‐independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Prantner
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kari Ann Shirey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wendy Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wuyuan Lu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Institute for Human Virology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alexander M Cole
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, Florida, USA; and
| | - Stefanie N Vogel
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA;
| | - Alfredo Garzino-Demo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Institute for Human Virology, University of Maryland, School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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