Apoptosis-inducing effect of myxoma virus on human neuroglioma cell lines

Myxoma Virus Combination Therapy Enhances Lenalidomide and Bortezomib Treatments for Multiple Myeloma

This study aimed to explore the effectiveness and safety of Myxoma virus (MYXV) in MM cell lines and primary myeloma cells obtained from patients with multiple myeloma. Myeloma cells were isolated from MM patients and cultured. MYXV, lenalidomide, and bortezomib were used in MM cells. The cytotoxicity assay was investigated using WST-1. Apoptosis was assessed through flow cytometry with Annexin V/PI staining and caspase-9 concentrations using ELISA. To explore MYXV entry into MM cells, monoclonal antibodies were used. Moreover, to explore the mechanisms of MYXV entry into MM cells, we examined the level of GFP-labeled MYXV within the cells after blocking with monoclonal antibodies targeting BCMA, CD20, CD28, CD33, CD38, CD56, CD86, CD117, CD138, CD200, and CD307 in MM cells. The study demonstrated the effects of treating Myxoma virus with lenalidomide and bortezomib. The treatment resulted in reduced cell viability and increased caspase-9 expression. Only low-dose CD86 blockade showed a significant difference in MYXV entry into MM cells. The virus caused an increase in the rate of apoptosis in the cells, regardless of whether it was administered alone or in combination with drugs. The groups with the presence of the virus showed higher rates of early apoptosis. The Virus, Virus + Bortezomib, and Virus + Lenalidomide groups had significantly higher rates of early apoptosis (p < 0.001). However, the measurements of late apoptosis and necrosis showed variability. The addition of MYXV resulted in a statistically significant increase in early apoptosis in both newly diagnosed and refractory MM patients. Our results highlight that patient-based therapy should also be considered for the effective management of MM.

The Present and Future of Optic Pathway Glioma Therapy

Optic pathway gliomas (OPGs) encompass two distinct categories: benign pediatric gliomas, which are characterized by favorable prognosis, and malignant adult gliomas, which are aggressive cancers associated with a poor outcome. Our review aims to explore the established standards of care for both types of tumors, highlight the emerging therapeutic strategies for OPG treatment, and propose potential alternative therapies that, while originally studied in a broader glioma context, may hold promise for OPGs pending further investigation. These potential therapies encompass immunotherapy approaches, molecular-targeted therapy, modulation of the tumor microenvironment, nanotechnologies, magnetic hyperthermia therapy, cyberKnife, cannabinoids, and the ketogenic diet. Restoring visual function is a significant challenge in cases where optic nerve damage has occurred due to the tumor or its therapeutic interventions. Numerous approaches, particularly those involving stem cells, are currently being investigated as potential facilitators of visual recovery in these patients.

Gospel of malignant Glioma: Oncolytic virus therapy

Glioma accounts for nearly 80% of all intracranial malignant tumors. It is a major challenge to society as it is causes to impaired brain function in many patients. Currently, gliomas are mainly treated with surgery, postoperative radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. However, the curative effects of these treatments are not satisfactory. Oncolytic virus (OV) is a novel treatment which works by activating the immune functions and inducing apoptosis of tumor cells. The OV propagates indefinitely in the host cell, eventually leading to the death of host cell. Subsequently, a large number of antigens and signal molecules are released which exert antitumor immunity. Several preclinical and clinical studies have shown that G207, DNX2401, Zika and other viruses have important roles in malignant tumors. For example, these viruses can reduce the growth of tumor cells without causing severe complications. However, the known OVs have not been clearly classified. Herein, we divided OVs into neurotropic and non-neurophilic OVs based on whether the OVs are naturally neurotropic or not. The therapeutic effects of each group were compared. Finally, challenges encountered in the clinical application of OVs in the treatment of malignant gliomas were summarized.

Recombinant Chinese Hu191 measles virus exhibits a significant antitumor activity against nephroblastoma mediated by immunogenic form of apoptosis

In previous studies oncolytic measles viruses (MVs) have shown significant antitumor activity against various tumors. In our research recombinant MV-Hu191 (rMV-Hu191), established via reverse genetics technology and expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP), was evaluated for its therapeutic effects and related mechanisms against nephroblastoma cell lines. We built three different constructs based on rMV-Hu191 to express EGFP effectively. Our experiments showed that rMV-Hu191 expressing EGFP could efficiently infect and replicate in nephroblastoma cell lines. Caspase-induced apoptosis exerted a significant impact on MV-induced cell death, which was accompanied by emission of cellular ATP and high-mobility group protein 1 (HMGB1) and by translocation of calreticulin (CRT). Intratumoral injection of rMV-Hu191-EGFP resulted in significant regression of tumors in a G401 xenograft model. Our results indicate that the MV-Hu191 strain, which is widely used in China, is an appropriate vector for expression of foreign genes and could serve as a potentially good candidate for nephroblastoma therapy mediated by induction of apoptosis-associated immunogenic cell death (ICD).

Oncolytic Newcastle disease virus reduces growth of cervical cancer cell by inducing apoptosis

Although Oncolytic viruses have been regarded as a promising tool for targeted therapy of cancer, accomplishing high efficacy and specificity with this strategy is challenging. Oncolytic virotherapy is one of the novel therapeutic methods recently used for the therapy of human malignancies. Cervical cancer is on the major public health problem and the second most common cause of cancer death among females in less developed countries. The aim of this study was mainly to determine the apoptosis effect of oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in TC-1 cell line.

In the current study, the oncolytic NDV, vaccine strain LaSota, was used to infect murine TC-1 cells of human papillomavirus (HPV)-associated carcinoma which expressing human papillomavirus 16 (HPV-16) E6/E7 antigens in vitro. The effectiveness of NDV for cervical cancer cell line was investigated by evaluating the antitumor activity of oncolytic NDV and the involved mechanisms. Antitumor activities of oncolytic NDV were assessed by cell proliferation (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release analysis. In addition, molecular changes of early stage of apoptosis and the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) were analyzed by flow cytometry and Western Blot in NDV-treated TC-1 cells.

The results showed that NDV treatment significantly decreased the viability of a TC-1 cell line and suppressed the growth by inducing apoptotic cell death. In addition, we demonstrated that NDV-induced apoptosis of TC-1 cells is mediated by ROS production. In summary, our findings suggest that oncolytic NDV is a possible therapeutic candidate as a selective antitumor agent for the treatment of cervical cancer.