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Delma MI. The Quest for Type 2 Diabetes Subgroups Identification: Literature Review for a New Subtype Proposal. Cureus 2018; 10:e3770. [PMID: 30820389 PMCID: PMC6389034 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.3770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes is considered typically as a heterogeneous disease that englobes the potential different subtypes with distinct pathophysiological mechanisms and/or susceptibility to complications. Some authors have succeeded in the identification of some of these subgroups, but a lot of work remains to be completed. Given the effects of the sympathetic innervation via alpha 1 adrenoceptors on diabetes target organs and the interindividual variability of this receptor sensitivity, the existence of a subtype of type 2 diabetes with hyperactivation of alpha 1 adrenoceptors (HA1A) is proposed. Based on the literature review, the potential characteristics of this phenotype and its susceptibility to certain complications have been identified in this article.
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Karimova A, Hacioğlu Y, Bahtiyar N, Niyazoğlu M, Akbaş F, Yilmaz E, Ulutin T, Onaran I. Increased mitochondrial common deletion in platelets from patients with type 2 diabetes is not associated with abnormal platelet activity or mitochondrial function. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:3529-3536. [PMID: 30066943 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study examined the presence and frequency of the 4,977‑base pair mitochondrial (mt)DNA (mtDNA4977) deletion in blood platelets, and whether increased mtDNA4977 deletion was associated with abnormal mitochondrial and platelet function in type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 66 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 23 healthy subjects were included in the present study. Patients were divided into three subgroups according to glycemic control, and the presence or absence of chronic diabetic complications: i) Good glycemic control [glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) <7] without complications; ii) poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥7) without complications; and iii) poor glycemic control (HbA1c ≥7) with complications. mtDNA4977 deletion, mtDNA copy number, adenine nucleotides, mitochondrial membrane potential and P‑selectin expression levels were analyzed in platelets. Although the frequency of mtDNA4977 deletion in platelets of the patient (96.9%) and control groups (95.6%) was extremely similar, the deletion level significantly increased in all the diabetic groups, compared with the healthy control group. However, the data from the present study revealed that an increased deletion frequency in platelets was not associated with disease severity, although there was clear interindividual variability. Furthermore, all other parameters were not significantly different among the groups, and there were no correlations between mtDNA4977 deletion frequency and all other studied parameters for any of the case groups. The results indicated that the mtDNA4977 deletion occurred in platelets, and increased deletion in patients with type 2 diabetes did not have a marked influence on mitochondrial and/or platelet dysfunction, when compared with the non‑diabetic subjects. Further research is required to elucidate the sources of inter‑individual variability observed in certain parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Karimova
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yalçin Hacioğlu
- Department of Family Medicine, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurten Bahtiyar
- Department of Biophysics, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mutlu Niyazoğlu
- Department of Endocrinology, Istanbul Training and Research Hospital, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fahri Akbaş
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine at Bezmialem Vakif University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Erkan Yilmaz
- Tissue Typing Laboratory, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Turgut Ulutin
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ilhan Onaran
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34098 Istanbul, Turkey
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