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Zhang XM, Tao YH, Zhou XL, Shang XL, Gong XB, Liu YC, Huang YY, Chen G, Yu ZY, Wang JT, Du ZG, Wu GF, Zhang Y, Guo JC, Zhou HG. The role of carbonic anhydrase III and autophagy in type 2 diabetes with cardio-cerebrovascular disease. Metab Brain Dis 2021; 36:2329-2341. [PMID: 34665375 PMCID: PMC8580918 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-021-00839-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common chronic diseases among the elderly people. The T2DM increases the risk of cardio-cerebrovascular disease (CCD), and the main pathological change of the CCD is atherosclerosis (AS). Meanwhile, the carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are involved in the formation and progression of plaques in AS. However, the exact physiological mechanism of carbonic anhydrase III (CAIII) has not been clear yet, and there are also no correlation study between CAIII protein and T2DM with CCD. The 8-week old diabetic mice (db/db-/- mice) and wild-type mice (wt mice) were feed by a normal diet till 32 weeks, and detected the carotid artery vascular opening angle using the method of biomechanics; The changes of cerebral cortex and myocardium were watched by the ultrastructure, and the autophagy were observed by electron microscope; The tissue structure, inflammation and cell injury were observed by Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining; The apoptosis of cells were observed by TUNEL staining; The protein levels of CAIII, IL-17, p53 were detected by immunohistochemical and Western Blot, and the Beclin-1, LC3, NF-κB were detected by Western Blot. All statistical analysis is performed using PRISM software. Compared with wt mice, db/db-/- mice' carotid artery open angle increased significantly. Electron microscope results indicated that autophagy in db/db-/- mice cerebral cortex and heart tissue decreased and intracellular organelle ultrastructure were damaged. HE staining indicated that, db/db-/- mice' cerebral cortex and heart tissue stained lighter, inflammatory cells infiltration, cell edema were obvious, myocardial fibers were disorder, and myocardial cells showed different degrees of degeneration. Compared with wt mice, TUNEL staining showed that there was obviously increase in db/db-/- mice cortex and heart tissue cell apoptosis. The results of immunohistochemistry and Western Blot indicated that CAIII, Beclin-1 and LC3II/I expression levels conspicuously decreased in cortex and heart tissue of db/db-/- mice, and the expression level of IL-17, NF-κB and p53 obviously increased. The carotid artery' vascular stiffness was increased and which was probably related with formation of AS in diabetic mice. And the autophagy participated in the occurrence and development of diabetic CCD. CAIII protein might somehow be involved in the regulation of autophagy probably through affecting cell apoptosis and inflammation, but the underlying mechanism remains to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ming Zhang
- Geriatrics Department and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Ying-Hong Tao
- Department of Medical Examination Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiu-Ling Zhou
- Department of Ultrasonics, Huashan Hospital, Fudan Univesity, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xi-Liang Shang
- Department of Sport Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Gong
- Department of Engineering Mechanics, School of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Civil Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Ying-Chao Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, 250021, China
| | - Yan-Yan Huang
- Geriatrics Department and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Geriatrics Department and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zhong-Yu Yu
- Geriatrics Department and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Jian-Tao Wang
- Geriatrics Department and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Zun-Guo Du
- Department of Pathology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Guo-Feng Wu
- Department of Emergency Neurology, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang, 550004, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Geriatrics Department and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Jing-Chun Guo
- Geriatrics Department and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
| | - Hou-Guang Zhou
- Geriatrics Department and National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Huang Q, Xie L, Chen X, Yu H, Lv Y, Huang X, Ying J, Zheng C, Cheng Y, Huang J. Synthesis and anticancer activity of novel rapamycin C-28 containing triazole moiety compounds. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2018; 351:e1800123. [PMID: 30357890 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.201800123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 09/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Rapamycin is an mTOR allosteric inhibitor with multiple functions such as immunosuppressive, anticancer, and lifespan prolonging activities. Its C-43 semi-synthetic derivatives temsirolimus and everolimus have been used as mTOR targeting anticancer drugs in the clinic. Following our previous research on antitumor rapalogs modified on the C-43 position, 13 novel rapamycin triazole hybrids (6a-g, 7a-f) were designed and synthesized on the C-28 position of rapamycin via Huisgen's reaction. Anticancer assays indicated that the targeted derivatives containing phenyl and 4-methylphenyl groups showed an obvious raise in anticancer activity. On the contrary, the compounds with methoxyl, amine, and halogen groups on the benzene ring displayed lower anticancer activity. Compound 6c, as the most active compound, showed a stronger inhibition effect as compared with rapamycin for almost all of the tested cell lines (p < 0.01), except PC-3. Meanwhile, the effect of 6c on inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in A549 cells was more powerful than that of rapamycin. In addition, 6c inhibited the phosphorylation of mTOR and its downstream key kinases 4EBP1 and p70S6K1 in A549 cells, indicating that 6c also effectively inhibits the mTORC1 signaling pathway as rapamycin. On the basis of these findings, 6c may have the potential to be developed as a new mTOR inhibitor against specific cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Huang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products, Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Lijun Xie
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products, Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoming Chen
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products, Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hui Yu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products, Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yubing Lv
- Hangzhou Huadong Medicine Group Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - XueHui Huang
- Hangzhou Huadong Medicine Group Pharmaceutical Research Institute Co. Ltd., Hangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jiayin Ying
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products, Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Congshen Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products, Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yuanrong Cheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products, Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou, P. R. China
| | - Jie Huang
- Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, P. R. China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Screening for Novel Microbial Products, Fujian Institute of Microbiology, Fuzhou, P. R. China
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Wang S, Ren J. Role of autophagy and regulatory mechanisms in alcoholic cardiomyopathy. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1864:2003-2009. [PMID: 29555210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholism is accompanied with a high incidence of cardiac morbidity and mortality due to the development of alcoholic cardiomyopathy, manifested as dilation of one or both ventricles, reduced ventricular wall thickness, myofibrillary disarray, interstitial fibrosis, hypertrophy and contractile dysfunction. Several theories have been postulated for the etiology of alcoholic cardiomyopathy including ethanol/acetaldehyde toxicity, mitochondrial production of reactive oxygen species, oxidative injury, apoptosis, impaired myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity and protein synthesis, altered fatty acid extraction and deposition, as well as accelerated protein catabolism. In particular, buildup of long-lived or dysfunctional organelles has been reported to contribute to cardiac structural and functional damage following alcoholism. Removal of cell debris and defective organelles by autophagy is essential to the maintenance of cardiac homeostasis in physiological and pathological conditions. However, insufficient understanding is currently available with regards to the involvement of autophagy in the pathogenesis of alcoholic cardiomyopathy. This review summarizes the recent findings on the pathophysiological role of dysregulated autophagy in one set and development of alcoholic cardiomyopathy. A thorough understanding of how autophagy is affected in alcoholism, and subsequently, contributes to the pathogenesis of alcoholic heart injury, will offer therapeutic guidance towards the management of alcoholic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyi Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, Biomedical Science Graduate Program, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Center for Cardiovascular Research and Alternative Medicine, Biomedical Science Graduate Program, University of Wyoming College of Health Sciences, Laramie, WY 82071, USA.
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