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Pikwong F, Phutiyothin C, Chouyratchakarn W, Baipaywad P, Mongkolpathumrat P, Kumphune S. Gelatin-coated silicon oxide nanoparticles encapsulated recombinant human secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (rhSLPI) reduced cardiac cell death against an in vitro simulated ischaemia/reperfusion injury. Heliyon 2023; 9:e20150. [PMID: 37809945 PMCID: PMC10559932 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic Heart Disease (IHD) is the main global cause of death. Previous studies indicated that recombinant human secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (rhSLPI) exhibits a cardioprotective effect against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, SLPI has a short half-life in vivo due to digestion by protease enzymes in circulation. The application of nanoparticle encapsulation could be beneficial for SLPI delivery. Several types of nanoparticles have been developed to encapsulate SLPI and applied in some disease models. However, silica nanoparticles for rhSLPI delivery, particularly on myocardial I/R injury, have never been studied. In this study, we aimed to fabricate gelatin-covered silica nanoparticles (GSNPs) to encapsulate rhSLPI and cardioprotective effect of GSNP-SLPI against an in vitro simulated ischaemia/reperfusion (sI/R). Silica dioxide nanoparticles (SNPs) were fabricated followed by incubation with 0.33 mg/mL of rhSLPI. Then, SNPs containing rhSLPI were coated with gelatin (GSNPs). The GSNPs and rhSLPI-GSNPs were characterized by particle size, zeta potential, and morphology scanning electron microscope (SEM). The concentration of rhSLPI in rhSLPI-GSNPs and drug release was determined by ELISA. Then, cytotoxicity and cardioprotective effect were determined by incubation of GSNPs or rhSLPI-GSNPs with rat cardiac myoblast cell line (H9c2) subjected to simulated ischaemia/reperfusion (sI/R). The results showed the particle size of SNPs, GSNPs, and rhSLPI-GSNPs was 273, 300, and 301 nm, with a zeta potential of -57.21, -22.40, and -24.50 mV, respectively. One milligram of rhSLPI-GSNPs contains 235 ng of rhSLPI. The rhSLPI-GSNPs showed no cytotoxicity on cardiac cells. Treatment with 10 μg/ml of rhSLPI-GSNPs could significantly reduce sI/R induced cardiac cell injury and death. In conclusion, this is the first study to show successful of fabricating novel rhSLPI-encapsulating gelatin-covered silica nanoparticles (rhSLPI-GSNPs) and the cardioprotective effects of rhSLPI-GSNPs against cardiac cell injury and death from myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faprathan Pikwong
- Biomedical Engineering Institute (BMEI), Chiang Mai University, Mueang Chiang Mai District, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Chayanisa Phutiyothin
- Biomedical Engineering Institute (BMEI), Chiang Mai University, Mueang Chiang Mai District, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Wannapat Chouyratchakarn
- Biomedical Engineering Institute (BMEI), Chiang Mai University, Mueang Chiang Mai District, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Phornsawat Baipaywad
- Biomedical Engineering Institute (BMEI), Chiang Mai University, Mueang Chiang Mai District, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
| | - Podsawee Mongkolpathumrat
- Cardio-Thoracic Technology program, Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Center), Cooperative Learning Center, Piyachart 2, 99 Moo 18 Klong Luang, Rangsit, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Kumphune
- Biomedical Engineering Institute (BMEI), Chiang Mai University, Mueang Chiang Mai District, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
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Mongkolpathumrat P, Nernpermpisooth N, Kijtawornrat A, Pikwong F, Chouyratchakarn W, Yodsheewan R, Unajak S, Kumphune S. Adeno-associated virus 9 vector-mediated cardiac-selective expression of human secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:976083. [PMID: 36061560 PMCID: PMC9437585 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.976083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease enzymes contribute to the initiation of cardiac remodeling and heart failure after myocardial ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Protease inhibitors attenuate protease activity and limit left ventricular dysfunction and remodeling. Previous studies showed the cardioprotective effect of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) against I/R injury. However, overexpression of SLPI gene in cardiovascular diseases has only been investigated in an in vitro experiment. Here, cardiac-selective expression of the human secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (hSLPI) gene and its effect on I/R injury were investigated. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotype 9 carrying hSLPI under the control of cardiac-selective expression promoter (cardiac troponin, cTn) was intravenously administered to Sprague–Dawley rats for 4 weeks prior to coronary artery ligation. The results showed that myocardial-selective expression of hSLPI significantly reduced infarct size, cardiac troponin I (cTnI), creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB), and myoglobin levels that all served to improve cardiac function. Moreover, overexpression of hSLPI showed a reduction in inflammatory cytokines, oxidatively modified protein carbonyl (PC) content, ischemia-modified albumin (IMA), and necrosis and cardiac tissue degeneration. In conclusion, this is the first study to demonstrate cardiac-selective gene delivery of hSLPI providing cardioprotection against myocardial I/R injury in an in vivo model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nitirut Nernpermpisooth
- Integrative Biomedical Research Unit (IBRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Anusak Kijtawornrat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Faprathan Pikwong
- Biomedical Engineering Institute (BMEI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | | | - Rungrueang Yodsheewan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sasimanas Unajak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sarawut Kumphune
- Biomedical Engineering Institute (BMEI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
- Integrative Biomedical Research Unit (IBRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
- *Correspondence: Sarawut Kumphune
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Mongkolpathumrat P, Kijtawornrat A, Suwan E, Unajak S, Panya A, Pusadee T, Kumphune S. Anti-Protease Activity Deficient Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) Exerts Cardioprotective Effect against Myocardial Ischaemia/Reperfusion. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10050988. [PMID: 35625725 PMCID: PMC9138276 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10050988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of proteases shows therapeutic potential. Our previous studies demonstrated the cardioprotection by the Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) against myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, it is unclear whether the cardioprotective effect of SLPI seen in our previous works is due to the inhibition of protease enzymes. Several studies demonstrate that the anti-protease independent activity of SLPI could provide therapeutic benefits. Here, we show for the first time that recombinant protein of anti-protease deficient mutant SLPI (L72K, M73G, L74G) (mt-SLPI) could significantly reduce cell death and intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production against an in vitro simulated I/R injury. Furthermore, post-ischaemic treatment of mt-SLPI is found to significantly reduce infarct size and cardiac biomarkers lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) activity, improve cardiac functions, attenuate I/R induced-p38 MAPK phosphorylation, and reduce apoptotic regulatory protein levels, including Bax, cleaved-Caspase-3 and total Capase-8, in rats subjected to an in vivo I/R injury. Additionally, the beneficial effect of mt-SLPI was not significantly different from the wildtype (wt-SLPI). In summary, SLPI could provide cardioprotection without anti-protease activity, which could be more clinically beneficial in terms of providing cardioprotection without interfering with basal serine protease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Podsawee Mongkolpathumrat
- Graduate Programs in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
- Integrative Biomedical Research Unit (IBRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering Institute (BMEI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Anusak Kijtawornrat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Eukote Suwan
- Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Sasimanas Unajak
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Aussara Panya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Tonapha Pusadee
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Sarawut Kumphune
- Integrative Biomedical Research Unit (IBRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering Institute (BMEI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-624-693-987
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Mongkolpathumrat P, Kijtawornrat A, Prompunt E, Panya A, Chattipakorn N, Barrère-Lemaire S, Kumphune S. Post-Ischemic Treatment of Recombinant Human Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (rhSLPI) Reduced Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9040422. [PMID: 33924676 PMCID: PMC8070046 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9040422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Among factors contributing to I/R injury, proteolytic enzymes could also cause cellular injury, expand the injured area and induce inflammation, which then lead to cardiac dysfunction. Therefore, protease inhibition seems to provide therapeutic benefits. Previous studies showed the cardioprotective effect of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) against myocardial I/R injury. However, the effect of a post-ischemic treatment with SLPI in an in vivo I/R model has never been investigated. In the present study, recombinant human (rh) SLPI (rhSLPI) was systemically injected during coronary artery occlusion or at the onset of reperfusion. The results show that post-ischemic treatment with rhSLPI could significantly reduce infarct size, Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) and Creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) activity, inflammatory cytokines and protein carbonyl levels, as well as improving cardiac function. The cardioprotective effect of rhSLPI is associated with the attenuation of p38 MAPK phosphorylation, Bax, caspase-3 and -8 protein levels and enhancement of pro-survival kinase Akt and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In summary, this is the first report showing the cardioprotective effects against myocardial I/R injury of post-ischemic treatments with rhSLPI in vivo. Thus, these results suggest that SLPI could be used as a novel therapeutic strategy to reduce myocardial I/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Podsawee Mongkolpathumrat
- Graduate Programs in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
- Integrative Biomedical Research Unit (IBRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
| | - Anusak Kijtawornrat
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Eakkapote Prompunt
- Unit of Excellence in Infectious Disease, Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand;
| | - Aussara Panya
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Nipon Chattipakorn
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Stephanie Barrère-Lemaire
- Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Inserm, 141, rue de la Cardonille, 34094 Montpellier, France;
| | - Sarawut Kumphune
- Graduate Programs in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand;
- Integrative Biomedical Research Unit (IBRU), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand
- Biomedical Engineering Institute (BMEI), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-62-4693987
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SLPI - a Biomarker of Acute Kidney Injury after Open and Endovascular Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm (TAAA) Repair. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3453. [PMID: 32103084 PMCID: PMC7044192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60482-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a relevant complication following thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair (TAAA). Biomarkers, such as secretory leucocyte peptidase inhibitor (SLPI), may enable a more accurate diagnosis. In this study, we tested if SLPI measured in serum is an appropriate biomarker of AKI after TAAA repair. In a prospective observational single-center study including 33 patients (51.5% women, mean age 63.0 ± 16.2 years) undergoing open and endovascular aortic aneurysm repair in 2017, SLPI was measured peri-operatively (until 72 h after surgery). After surgery, the postoperative complications AKI, as defined according to the KDIGO diagnostic criteria, sepsis, death, MACE (major cardiovascular events) and, pneumonia were assessed. In a subgroup analysis, patients with preexisting kidney disease were excluded. Of 33 patients, 51.5% (n = 17) of patients developed AKI. Twelve hours after admission to the intensive care unit (ICU), SLPI serum levels were significantly increased in patients who developed AKI. Multivariable logistic regression revealed a significant association between SLPI 12 hours after admission to ICU and AKI (P = 0.0181, OR = 1.055, 95% CI = 1.009-1.103). The sensitivity of SLPI for AKI prediction was 76.47% (95% CI = 50.1-93.2) and the specificity was 87.5% (95% CI = 61.7-98.4) with an AUC = 0.838 (95% CI = 0.7-0.976) for an optimal cut-off 70.03 ng/ml 12 hours after surgery. In patients without pre-existing impaired renal function, an improved diagnostic quality of SLPI for AKI was observed (Sensitivities of 45.45-91.67%, Specificities of 77.7-100%, AUC = 0.716-0.932). There was no association between perioperative SLPI and the incidence of sepsis, death, MACE (major cardiovascular events), pneumonia. This study suggests that SLPI might be a post-operative biomarker of AKI after TAAA repair, with a superior diagnostic accuracy for patients without preexisting impaired renal function.
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Kongpol K, Nernpermpisooth N, Prompunt E, Kumphune S. Endothelial-Cell-Derived Human Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor (SLPI) Protects Cardiomyocytes against Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110678. [PMID: 31683729 PMCID: PMC6920779 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cell (EC)-derived factors play an important role in endothelial-cardiomyocyte crosstalk and could save cardiomyocytes (CMs) from injury. The manipulation of endothelial cells to secrete protective factors could enhance cardioprotection. Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) has been known to protect the heart. The goal of this study was to evaluate the in vitro paracrine protective effect and mechanisms of EC-derived human SLPI on cardiomyocytes subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury. Stable endothelial cells overexpressing human SLPI were generated from an endothelial cell line (EA.hy926). The cytoprotective effect was determined by cell survival assay. The results showed that endothelial-derived recombinant human SLPI (rhSLPI) reduced simulated ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-(81.75% ± 1.42% vs. 60.27% ± 2.52%, p < 0.05) and hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced EC injury (83.57% ± 1.78% vs. 63.07% ± 1.93%, p < 0.05). Moreover, co-culture of ECs overexpressing rhSLPI with CMs at ratios 1:1 and 1:3 or treatment with conditioned medium enhanced cell viability by 10.51-16.7% (co-culture) and 15.25-20.45% (conditioned medium) by reducing intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, the Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio, caspase-3, and caspase-8, and in preconditioned CMs by activation of p38 MAPK and Akt survival kinase. In conclusion, this study showed for the first time that EC-derived rhSLPI provided cardio-vasculoprotective effects against I/R injury as a possible alternative therapeutic strategy for cardioprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kantapich Kongpol
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences (BRUCS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
- Graduate Program in Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
| | - Nitirut Nernpermpisooth
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences (BRUCS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
| | - Eakkapote Prompunt
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences (BRUCS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand.
| | - Sarawut Kumphune
- Biomedical Research Unit in Cardiovascular Sciences (BRUCS), Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand.
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