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El Farissi M, Mast TP, van de Kar MRD, Dillen DMM, Demandt JPA, Vervaat FE, Eerdekens R, Dello SAG, Keulards DC, Zelis JM, van ‘t Veer M, Zimmermann FM, Pijls NHJ, Otterspoor LC. Hypothermia for Cardioprotection in Patients with St-Elevation Myocardial Infarction: Do Not Give It the Cold Shoulder Yet! J Clin Med 2022; 11:1082. [PMID: 35207350 PMCID: PMC8878494 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11041082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The timely revascularization of an occluded coronary artery is the cornerstone of treatment in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). As essential as this treatment is, it can also cause additional damage to cardiomyocytes that were still viable before reperfusion, increasing infarct size. This has been termed "myocardial reperfusion injury". To date, there is still no effective treatment for myocardial reperfusion injury in patients with STEMI. While numerous attempts have been made to overcome this hurdle with various experimental therapies, the common denominator of these therapies is that, although they often work in the preclinical setting, they fail to demonstrate the same results in human trials. Hypothermia is an example of such a therapy. Although promising results were derived from experimental studies, multiple randomized controlled trials failed to do the same. This review includes a discussion of hypothermia as a potential treatment for myocardial reperfusion injury, including lessons learned from previous (negative) trials, advanced techniques and materials in current hypothermic treatment, and the possible future of hypothermia for cardioprotection in patients with STEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed El Farissi
- Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (T.P.M.); (M.R.D.v.d.K.); (D.M.M.D.); (J.P.A.D.); (F.E.V.); (R.E.); (S.A.G.D.); (D.C.K.); (J.M.Z.); (M.v.‘t.V.); (F.M.Z.); (N.H.J.P.); (L.C.O.)
| | - Thomas P. Mast
- Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (T.P.M.); (M.R.D.v.d.K.); (D.M.M.D.); (J.P.A.D.); (F.E.V.); (R.E.); (S.A.G.D.); (D.C.K.); (J.M.Z.); (M.v.‘t.V.); (F.M.Z.); (N.H.J.P.); (L.C.O.)
| | - Mileen R. D. van de Kar
- Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (T.P.M.); (M.R.D.v.d.K.); (D.M.M.D.); (J.P.A.D.); (F.E.V.); (R.E.); (S.A.G.D.); (D.C.K.); (J.M.Z.); (M.v.‘t.V.); (F.M.Z.); (N.H.J.P.); (L.C.O.)
| | - Daimy M. M. Dillen
- Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (T.P.M.); (M.R.D.v.d.K.); (D.M.M.D.); (J.P.A.D.); (F.E.V.); (R.E.); (S.A.G.D.); (D.C.K.); (J.M.Z.); (M.v.‘t.V.); (F.M.Z.); (N.H.J.P.); (L.C.O.)
| | - Jesse P. A. Demandt
- Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (T.P.M.); (M.R.D.v.d.K.); (D.M.M.D.); (J.P.A.D.); (F.E.V.); (R.E.); (S.A.G.D.); (D.C.K.); (J.M.Z.); (M.v.‘t.V.); (F.M.Z.); (N.H.J.P.); (L.C.O.)
| | - Fabienne E. Vervaat
- Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (T.P.M.); (M.R.D.v.d.K.); (D.M.M.D.); (J.P.A.D.); (F.E.V.); (R.E.); (S.A.G.D.); (D.C.K.); (J.M.Z.); (M.v.‘t.V.); (F.M.Z.); (N.H.J.P.); (L.C.O.)
| | - Rob Eerdekens
- Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (T.P.M.); (M.R.D.v.d.K.); (D.M.M.D.); (J.P.A.D.); (F.E.V.); (R.E.); (S.A.G.D.); (D.C.K.); (J.M.Z.); (M.v.‘t.V.); (F.M.Z.); (N.H.J.P.); (L.C.O.)
| | - Simon A. G. Dello
- Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (T.P.M.); (M.R.D.v.d.K.); (D.M.M.D.); (J.P.A.D.); (F.E.V.); (R.E.); (S.A.G.D.); (D.C.K.); (J.M.Z.); (M.v.‘t.V.); (F.M.Z.); (N.H.J.P.); (L.C.O.)
| | - Danielle C. Keulards
- Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (T.P.M.); (M.R.D.v.d.K.); (D.M.M.D.); (J.P.A.D.); (F.E.V.); (R.E.); (S.A.G.D.); (D.C.K.); (J.M.Z.); (M.v.‘t.V.); (F.M.Z.); (N.H.J.P.); (L.C.O.)
| | - Jo M. Zelis
- Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (T.P.M.); (M.R.D.v.d.K.); (D.M.M.D.); (J.P.A.D.); (F.E.V.); (R.E.); (S.A.G.D.); (D.C.K.); (J.M.Z.); (M.v.‘t.V.); (F.M.Z.); (N.H.J.P.); (L.C.O.)
| | - Marcel van ‘t Veer
- Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (T.P.M.); (M.R.D.v.d.K.); (D.M.M.D.); (J.P.A.D.); (F.E.V.); (R.E.); (S.A.G.D.); (D.C.K.); (J.M.Z.); (M.v.‘t.V.); (F.M.Z.); (N.H.J.P.); (L.C.O.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik M. Zimmermann
- Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (T.P.M.); (M.R.D.v.d.K.); (D.M.M.D.); (J.P.A.D.); (F.E.V.); (R.E.); (S.A.G.D.); (D.C.K.); (J.M.Z.); (M.v.‘t.V.); (F.M.Z.); (N.H.J.P.); (L.C.O.)
| | - Nico H. J. Pijls
- Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (T.P.M.); (M.R.D.v.d.K.); (D.M.M.D.); (J.P.A.D.); (F.E.V.); (R.E.); (S.A.G.D.); (D.C.K.); (J.M.Z.); (M.v.‘t.V.); (F.M.Z.); (N.H.J.P.); (L.C.O.)
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, 5612 AZ Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk C. Otterspoor
- Department of Cardiology, Catharina Hospital, 5623 EJ Eindhoven, The Netherlands; (T.P.M.); (M.R.D.v.d.K.); (D.M.M.D.); (J.P.A.D.); (F.E.V.); (R.E.); (S.A.G.D.); (D.C.K.); (J.M.Z.); (M.v.‘t.V.); (F.M.Z.); (N.H.J.P.); (L.C.O.)
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Batty MJ, Chabrier G, Sheridan A, Gage MC. Metabolic Hormones Modulate Macrophage Inflammatory Responses. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13184661. [PMID: 34572888 PMCID: PMC8467249 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13184661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Macrophages are a type of immune cell which play an important role in the development of cancer. Obesity increases the risk of cancer and obesity also causes disruption to the normal levels of hormones that are produced to coordinate metabolism. Recent research now shows that these metabolic hormones also play important roles in macrophage immune responses and so through macrophages, disrupted metabolic hormone levels may promote cancer. This review article aims to highlight and summarise these recent findings so that the scientific community may better understand how important this new area of research is, and how these findings can be capitalised on for future scientific studies. Abstract Macrophages are phagocytotic leukocytes that play an important role in the innate immune response and have established roles in metabolic diseases and cancer progression. Increased adiposity in obese individuals leads to dysregulation of many hormones including those whose functions are to coordinate metabolism. Recent evidence suggests additional roles of these metabolic hormones in modulating macrophage inflammatory responses. In this review, we highlight key metabolic hormones and summarise their influence on the inflammatory response of macrophages and consider how, in turn, these hormones may influence the development of different cancer types through the modulation of macrophage functions.
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