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Li W, Wang R, Huang W, Shen Y, Du J, Tian Y. BuyangHuanwu Decoction attenuates cerebral vasospasm caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats via PI3K/AKT/eNOS axis. Open Life Sci 2022; 17:735-743. [PMID: 35891965 PMCID: PMC9281585 DOI: 10.1515/biol-2022-0071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ancient Chinese remedy BuyangHuanwu Decoction (BHD) is used to treat qi deficit and blood stasis conditions. This work investigated the effect of BHD on cerebral vasospasm (CVS) caused by subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Rats were randomly assigned into four groups: control group, SAH group, SAH + BHD [13 g/(kg day)] group, and SAH + BHD [26 g/(kg day)] group. The Garcia neurological scoring scale was used to assess neurological dysfunction. Hematoxylin and eosin stains were used to determine the extent of vasospasm by measuring the diameter of the basilar artery. Western blot was used to measure the concentrations of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, and phospho-AKT expression levels. RT-PCR was used to determine PI3K and AKT RNA expressions. Immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were used to measure levels of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and nitric oxide (NO), respectively, in cerebrospinal fluid. BHD treatment ameliorated CVS and mitigated neurological dysfunction after SAH. Furthermore, the findings suggest that NO concentration was increased through the activation of classical PI3K/AKT signaling and the eNOS pathway. Thus, BHD showed multifaceted roles in preventing damage via decreasing vasospasm and improving neurological impairments caused by CVS after SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Li
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Ru Wang
- Department of Science and Technology Education, Dongguan Kanghua Hospital, Dongguan 523000, China
| | - Wei Huang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, No. 923 Hospital of Joint Logistic Support Force of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA), Nanning, 530000, China
| | - Yanfang Shen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Jumei Du
- Department of Neurology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712000, China
| | - Ye Tian
- The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, Shaanxi, China.,Department of Medical Research Center, Northwest University Affiliated Hospital/Xi'an No. 3 Hospital, Xi'an 710016, Shaanxi, China
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Yao Y, Fang X, Yuan J, Qin F, Yu T, Xia D, Li Z, Lai N. Interleukin-6 in Cerebrospinal Fluid Small Extracellular Vesicles as a Potential Biomarker for Prognosis of Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2021; 17:1423-1431. [PMID: 34012263 PMCID: PMC8128493 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s304394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a severe form of stroke characterized by high rates of mortality and disability. Identifying circulating biomarkers is helpful to improve outcomes. In this study, for the first time, we identify interleukin-6 (IL-6) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) as potential biomarkers for prognosis of aSAH. METHODS We extracted small extracellular vesicles from the CSF of 103 aSAH patients and 40 healthy controls in a prospective observational study. Subsequently, we measured IL-6sEVs levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results were statistically analyzed to determine the function of IL-6sEVs for disease monitoring of aSAH. RESULTS CSF IL-6 sEVs showed distinct pattern differences between healthy controls and aSAH patients. The concentration of IL-6sEVs in CSF is significantly correlated with the severity of aSAH patients. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of IL-6sEVs for identifying severe aSAH patient from aSAH patients were 0.900. After multivariate logistic regression analysis, IL-6sEVs were associated with neurological outcome at 1 year. IL-6sEVs levels were greater and positively associated with disease processes and outcome. CONCLUSION There is a neuroinflammatory cascade in aSAH patients. IL-6sEVs in CSF may be a biomarker for the progression of aSAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Nursing, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinggen Fang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinlong Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Feiyun Qin
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dayong Xia
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Non-Coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenbao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Niansheng Lai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China.,Key Laboratory of Non-Coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution (Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241001, Anhui Province, People's Republic of China
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