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Cunha A, Rocha AC, Barbosa F, Baião A, Silva P, Sarmento B, Queirós O. Glycolytic Inhibitors Potentiated the Activity of Paclitaxel and Their Nanoencapsulation Increased Their Delivery in a Lung Cancer Model. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102021. [PMID: 36297455 PMCID: PMC9611291 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiglycolytic agents inhibit cell metabolism and modify the tumor’s microenvironment, affecting chemotherapy resistance mechanisms. In this work, we studied the effect of the glycolytic inhibitors 3-bromopyruvate (3BP), dichloroacetate (DCA) and 2-deoxyglucose (2DG) on cancer cell properties and on the multidrug resistance phenotype, using lung cancer cells as a model. All compounds led to the loss of cell viability, with different effects on the cell metabolism, migration and proliferation, depending on the drug and cell line assayed. DCA was the most promising compound, presenting the highest inhibitory effect on cell metabolism and proliferation. DCA treatment led to decreased glucose consumption and ATP and lactate production in both A549 and NCI-H460 cell lines. Furthermore, the DCA pretreatment sensitized the cancer cells to Paclitaxel (PTX), a conventional chemotherapeutic drug, with a 2.7-fold and a 10-fold decrease in PTX IC50 values in A549 and NCI-H460 cell lines, respectively. To increase the intracellular concentration of DCA, thereby potentiating its effect, DCA-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles were produced. At higher DCA concentrations, encapsulation was found to increase its toxicity. These results may help find a new treatment strategy through combined therapy, which could open doors to new treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Cunha
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Ana Catarina Rocha
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- DCM—Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Flávia Barbosa
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- DCM—Departamento de Ciências Médicas, Universidade de Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Baião
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- ICBAS—Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Silva
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- TOXRUN—Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 3810-193 Gandra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- INEB—Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Odília Queirós
- UNIPRO—Oral Pathology and Rehabilitation Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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Li S, Lei Y, Lei J, Li H. All‑trans retinoic acid promotes macrophage phagocytosis and decreases inflammation via inhibiting CD14/TLR4 in acute lung injury. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:868. [PMID: 34676874 PMCID: PMC8554390 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common clinical emergency and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) can alleviate organ injury. Therefore, the present study investigated the role of ATRA in ALI. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI rats were treated with ATRA and the arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2), lung wet/dry weight (W/D) ratio and protein content in the bronchial alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were measured to evaluate the effect of ATRA on ALI rats. Alveolar macrophages were isolated from the BALF. The phagocytic function of macrophages was detected using the chicken erythrocyte phagocytosis method and flow cytometry. The viability of macrophages was measured using a Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, and apoptosis was analyzed using a TUNEL assay and flow cytometry. The expression levels of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and cluster of differentiation (CD)14 on the macrophage membrane were detected by immunofluorescence staining. The protein levels of TLR4, CD14, phosphorylated (p)-65, p65, p-IκBα and IκBα were analyzed using western blotting. The concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β and macrophage inflammatory protein-2 in the plasma of rats were detected by ELISA. Macrophages were treated with IAXO-102 (TLR4 inhibitor) to verify the involvement of CD14/TLR4 in the effect of ATRA on ALI. ATRA provided protection against LPS-induced ALI, as evidenced by the increased PaO2 and reduced lung W/D ratio and protein content in the BALF. ATRA enhanced macrophage phagocytosis and viability and reduced apoptosis and inflammation in ALI rats. Mechanically, ATRA inhibited CD14 and TLR4 expression and NF-κB pathway activation. ATRA enhanced macrophage phagocytosis and reduced inflammation by inhibiting the CD14/TLR4-NF-κB pathway in LPS-induced ALI. In summary, ATRA inactivated the NF-κB pathway by inhibiting the expression of CD14/TLR4 receptor in the alveolar macrophages of rats, thus enhancing the phagocytic function of macrophages in ALI rats, improving the activity of macrophages, inhibiting apoptosis, reducing the levels of inflammatory factors, and consequently playing a protective role in ALI model rats. This study may offer novel insights for the clinical management of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangxue Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
| | - Yuansheng Lei
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jieyun Lei
- Department of Cardiology, Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030009, P.R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Gynecology, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030012, P.R. China
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Rawal S, Patel M. Bio-Nanocarriers for Lung Cancer Management: Befriending the Barriers. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2021; 13:142. [PMID: 34138386 PMCID: PMC8196938 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-021-00630-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is a complex thoracic malignancy developing consequential to aberrations in a myriad of molecular and biomolecular signaling pathways. It is one of the most lethal forms of cancers accounting to almost 1.8 million new annual incidences, bearing overall mortality to incidence ratio of 0.87. The dismal prognostic scenario at advanced stages of the disease and metastatic/resistant tumor cell populations stresses the requisite of advanced translational interdisciplinary interventions such as bionanotechnology. This review article deliberates insights and apprehensions on the recent prologue of nanobioengineering and bionanotechnology as an approach for the clinical management of lung cancer. The role of nanobioengineered (bio-nano) tools like bio-nanocarriers and nanobiodevices in secondary prophylaxis, diagnosis, therapeutics, and theranostics for lung cancer management has been discussed. Bioengineered, bioinspired, and biomimetic bio-nanotools of considerate translational value have been reviewed. Perspectives on existent oncostrategies, their critical comparison with bio-nanocarriers, and issues hampering their clinical bench side to bed transformation have also been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruti Rawal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India
| | - Mayur Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, SG Highway, Chharodi, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India.
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Fu Z, Xiang J. Aptamer-Functionalized Nanoparticles in Targeted Delivery and Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239123. [PMID: 33266216 PMCID: PMC7730239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Using nanoparticles to carry and delivery anticancer drugs holds much promise in cancer therapy, but nanoparticles per se are lacking specificity. Active targeting, that is, using specific ligands to functionalize nanoparticles, is attracting much attention in recent years. Aptamers, with their several favorable features like high specificity and affinity, small size, very low immunogenicity, relatively low cost for production, and easiness to store, are one of the best candidates for the specific ligands of nanoparticle functionalization. This review discusses the benefits and challenges of using aptamers to functionalize nanoparticles for active targeting and especially presents nearly all of the published works that address the topic of using aptamers to functionalize nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoying Fu
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Yanan University, Yanan 716000, China
- Correspondence: (Z.F.); (J.X.)
| | - Jim Xiang
- Division of Oncology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 4H4, Canada
- Correspondence: (Z.F.); (J.X.)
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Onyeisi JOS, Ferreira BZF, Nader HB, Lopes CC. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans as targets for cancer therapy: a review. Cancer Biol Ther 2020; 21:1087-1094. [PMID: 33180600 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2020.1838034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) play important roles in cancer initiation and progression, by interacting with the signaling pathways that affect proliferation, adhesion, invasion and angiogenesis. These roles suggest the possibility of various strategies of regulation of these molecules. In this review, we demonstrated that the anticancer drugs can regulate the heparan sulfate proteoglycans activity in different ways: some act directly in core protein, and can bind to a specific type of HSPG. Others drugs interact with glycosaminoglycans chains, and others can act directly in enzymes that regulate HSPGs levels. We also demonstrated that the HSPGs drug targets can be divided into four groups: monoclonal antibodies, antitumor antibiotic, natural products, and mimetics peptide. Interestingly, many drugs demonstrated in this review are approved by FDA and is used in cancer therapy (Food and Drug Administration) like trastuzumab, panitumumab, bleomycin and bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ASCO) or are in clinical trials like codrituzumab and genistein. This review should help researchers to understand the mechanism of action of anticancer drugs existing and also may inspire the discovery of new drugs that regulate the heparan sulfate proteoglycans activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Oyie Sousa Onyeisi
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Zaia Franco Ferreira
- Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Bonciani Nader
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Cristina Lopes
- Disciplina de Biologia Molecular, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo , Diadema, SP, Brazil
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Liang Z, Li J, Zhu B. Lung Cancer Combination Treatment: Evaluation of the Synergistic Effect of Cisplatin Prodrug, Vinorelbine and Retinoic Acid When Co-Encapsulated in a Multi-Layered Nano-Platform. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:4519-4531. [PMID: 33149550 PMCID: PMC7602907 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s251749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Lung cancer remains the leading cancer-associated deaths worldwide. Cisplatin (CIS) was often used in combination with other drugs for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Prodrug is an effective strategy to improve the efficiency of drugs and reduce the toxicity. The aim of this study was to prepare and characterize CIS prodrug, vinorelbine (VNR), and all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) co-delivered multi-layered nano-platform, evaluating their antitumor activity in vitro and in vivo. Methods Cisplatin prodrug (CISP) was synthesized. A multi-layered nano-platform contained CISP, VNR and ATRA were prepared and named CISP/VNR/ATRA MLNP. The physicochemical properties of CISP/VNR/ATRA MLNP were investigated. In vitro cytotoxicity against CIS-resistant NSCLC cells (A549/CIS cells) and Human normal lung epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cells) was investigated, and in vivo anti-tumor efficiency was evaluated on mice bearing A549/CIS cells xenografts. Results CISP/VNR/ATRA MLNP were spherical particles with particle size and zeta potential of 158 nm and 12.3 mV. CISP/VNR/ATRA MLNP (81.36%) was uptake by cancer cells in vitro. CISP/VNR/ATRA MLNP could significantly inhibit the in vivo antitumor growth and suspended the tumor volume from 1440 mm3 to 220 mm3. Conclusion It could be concluded that the CISP/VNR/ATRA MLNP may be used as a promising system for lung cancer combination treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery I, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education), Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, Beijing, 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Li
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Day Oncology Unit, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, People's Republic of China
| | - Budong Zhu
- Key laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Day Oncology Unit, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing 100142, People's Republic of China
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Wu R, Zhang Z, Wang B, Chen G, Zhang Y, Deng H, Tang Z, Mao J, Wang L. Combination Chemotherapy of Lung Cancer - Co-Delivery of Docetaxel Prodrug and Cisplatin Using Aptamer-Decorated Lipid-Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:2249-2261. [PMID: 32606595 PMCID: PMC7293388 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s246574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Drug resistance is the major barrier for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The aim of this research is to develop an aptamer-decorated hybrid nanoparticle for the co-delivery of docetaxel prodrug (DTXp) and cisplatin (DDP) and to treat lung cancer. Materials and Methods Aptamer-conjugated lipid–polymer ligands and redox-sensitive docetaxel prodrug were synthesized. DTXp and DDP were loaded into the lipid–polymer hybrid nanoparticles (LPHNs). The targeted efficiency of aptamer-decorated, DTXp and DDP co-encapsulated LPHNs (APT-DTXp/DDP-LPHNs) was determined by performing a cell uptake assay by flow cytometry-based analysis. In vivo biodistribution and anticancer efficiency of APT-DTXp/DDP-LPHNs were evaluated on NSCLC-bearing mice xenograft. Results APT-DTXp/DDP-LPHNs had a particle size of 213.5 ± 5.3 nm, with a zeta potential of 15.9 ± 1.9 mV. APT-DTXp/DDP-LPHNs exhibited a significantly enhanced cytotoxicity (drug concentration causing 50% inhibition was 0.71 ± 0.09 μg/mL), synergy antitumor effect (combination index was 0.62), and profound tumor inhibition ability (tumor inhibition ratio of 81.4%) compared with the non-aptamer-decorated LPHNs and single drug-loaded LPHNs. Conclusion Since the synergistic effect of the drugs was found in this system, it would have great potential to inhibit lung tumor cells and in vivo tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruifeng Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Baoding No.1 Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Baohua Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ge Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaozhong Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Haowen Deng
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zilong Tang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Mao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Tumor Hospital of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, People's Republic of China
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Fakiruddin KS, Lim MN, Nordin N, Rosli R, Zakaria Z, Abdullah S. Targeting of CD133+ Cancer Stem Cells by Mesenchymal Stem Cell Expressing TRAIL Reveals a Prospective Role of Apoptotic Gene Regulation in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091261. [PMID: 31466290 PMCID: PMC6770521 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are emerging as vehicles for anti-tumor cytotherapy; however, investigation on its efficacy to target a specific cancer stem cell (CSC) population in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is lacking. Using assays to evaluate cell proliferation, apoptosis, and gene expression, we investigated the efficacy of MSCs expressing tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis inducing ligand (MSC-TRAIL) to target and destroy CD133+ (prominin-1 positive) NSCLC-derived CSCs. Characterization of TRAIL death receptor 5 (DR5) revealed that it was highly expressed in the CD133+ CSCs of both H460 and H2170 cell lines. The human MSC-TRAIL generated in the study maintained its multipotent characteristics, and caused significant tumor cell inhibition in NSCLC-derived CSCs in a co-culture. The MSC-TRAIL induced an increase in annexin V expression, an indicator of apoptosis in H460 and H2170 derived CD133+ CSCs. Through investigation of mitochondria membrane potential, we found that MSC-TRAIL was capable of inducing intrinsic apoptosis to the CSCs. Using pathway-specific gene expression profiling, we uncovered candidate genes such as NFKB1, BAG3, MCL1, GADD45A, and HRK in CD133+ CSCs, which, if targeted, might increase the sensitivity of NSCLC to MSC-TRAIL-mediated inhibition. As such, our findings add credibility to the utilization of MSC-TRAIL for the treatment of NSCLC through targeting of CD133+ CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Shaik Fakiruddin
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia.
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia.
| | - Moon Nian Lim
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Norshariza Nordin
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Rosli
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
| | - Zubaidah Zakaria
- Haematology Unit, Cancer Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research (IMR), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Ministry of Health Malaysia, Shah Alam 40170, Malaysia
| | - Syahril Abdullah
- UPM-MAKNA Cancer Research Laboratory, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
- Genetics and Regenerative Medicine Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor 43400, Malaysia
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The potential of retinoids for combination therapy of lung cancer: Updates and future directions. Pharmacol Res 2019; 147:104331. [PMID: 31254665 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2019.104331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the most common cancer-related death worldwide. Natural compounds have shown high biological and pharmaceutical relevance as anticancer agents. Retinoids are natural derivatives of vitamin A having many regulatory functions in the human body, including vision, cellular proliferation and differentiation, and activation of tumour suppressor genes. Retinoic acid (RA) is a highly active retinoid isoform with promising anti-lung cancer activity. The abnormal expression of retinoid receptors is associated with loss of anticancer activities and acquired resistance to RA in lung cancer. The preclinical promise has not translated to the general clinical utility of retinoids for lung cancer patients, especially those with a history of smoking. Newer retinoid nano-formulations and the combinatorial use of retinoids has been associated with lower toxicity and more favorably efficacy in both the preclinical and clinical settings. Here, we highlight epidemiological and clinical therapeutic studies involving retinoids and lung cancer. We also discuss the biological actions of retinoids in lung cancer, which include effects on cancer stem cell differentiation, angiogenesis, metastasis, and proliferative. We suggest that the use of retinoids in combination with conventional and targeted anticancer agents will broaden the utility of these potent anticancer compounds in the lung cancer clinic.
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