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Cao N, Lu Y, Liu J, Cai F, Xu H, Chen J, Zhang X, Hua ZC, Zhuang H. Metformin Synergistically Enhanced the Antitumor Activity of Celecoxib in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1094. [PMID: 32792943 PMCID: PMC7387512 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Celecoxib has potential as an effective antineoplastic agent, but it may exhibit side effects. Given the glucose-addicted properties of tumor cells, metformin is recognized for its inhibitory effect on oxidative phosphorylation. In the present study, we aimed to combine low dose of celecoxib with metformin to alleviate the side effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and overcome potential drug resistance. We found that celecoxib combined with metformin obviously suppressed cell migration and proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. Most importantly, in vivo experiments revealed the superior antitumor efficacy of combination treatment with a low dosage of celecoxib (25 mg/kg/day) without apparent toxicity. Further study of the underlying mechanism revealed that the two drugs in combination caused ROS aggregation in NSCLC cells, leading to DNA double-strand breaks and increased expression of the tumor suppressor factor p53. Elevated p53 subsequently caused cell cycle arrest and cell proliferation inhibition. The presence of metformin also sensitized NSCLC cells to celecoxib-induced apoptosis by activating caspase-9, -8, -3, and -7, upregulating the pro-apoptotic proteins Bad and Bax, and downregulating the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-xl and Bcl-2. Moreover, the superior anticancer effect of combined therapy was also due to suppression of Raf-MEK-ERK cascades and PI3K-AKT signaling, which is conducive to overcoming drug resistance. In addition, either celecoxib alone or in combination with metformin suppressed NSCLC cell migration and invasion by inhibiting FAK, N-cadherin, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 activities. Together, our study provided a rational combination strategy with a low dosage of celecoxib and metformin for preclinical cancer application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nini Cao
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yanyan Lu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Liu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangfang Cai
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Huangru Xu
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jia Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zi-Chun Hua
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.,Changzhou High-Tech Research Institute of Nanjing University and Jiangsu TargetPharma Laboratories Inc., Changzhou, China
| | - Hongqin Zhuang
- The State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Ge J, Huang Y, Zhang Y, Liu L, Gu T, Liu X, Yao L, Cai M, Sun J, Song J. Metformin Inhibits Propofol-Induced Apoptosis of Mouse Hippocampal Neurons HT-22 Through Downregulating Cav-1. Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:1561-1569. [PMID: 32368014 PMCID: PMC7183342 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s229520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To elucidate the neuroprotective function of metformin in suppressing propofol-induced apoptosis of HT-22 cells. Methods HT-22 cells were treated with 0, 10 or 100 μmol/L propofol, followed by determination of their proliferative ability. Subsequently, changes in proliferation and apoptosis of propofol-treated HT-22 cells induced with metformin were assessed. Apoptosis-associated genes in HT-22 cells were detected by Western blot. At last, regulatory effects of Cav-1 on propofol and metformin-treated HT-22 cells were examined. Results Propofol treatment dose-dependently decreased proliferative ability and increased apoptosis ability in HT-22 cells, which were partially blocked by metformin administration. Upregulated Bcl-2 and downregulated Bax were observed in propofol-treated HT-22 cells following metformin administration. In addition, Cav-1 level in HT-22 cells was regulated by metformin treatment. Notably, metformin reversed propofol-induced apoptosis stimulation and proliferation decline in HT-22 cells via downregulating Cav-1. Conclusion In our study, we found that propofol could induce apoptosis of HT-22 cells and metformin could rescue the apoptosis effect regulated by propofol. Then, we found that metformin protects propofol-induced neuronal apoptosis via downregulating Cav-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianyun Ge
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yulin Huang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianyu Gu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Cai
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiafeng Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226001, People's Republic of China
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