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Li J, Shen J, Zhao Y, Du F, Li M, Wu X, Chen Y, Wang S, Xiao Z, Wu Z. Role of miR‑181a‑5p in cancer (Review). Int J Oncol 2023; 63:108. [PMID: 37539738 PMCID: PMC10552769 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2023.5556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non‑coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that can post‑transcriptionally suppress targeted genes. Dysregulated miRNAs are associated with a variety of diseases. MiR‑181a‑5p is a conserved miRNA with the ability to regulate pathological processes, such as angiogenesis, inflammatory response and obesity. Numerous studies have demonstrated that miR‑181a‑5p exerts regulatory influence on cancer development and progression, acting as an oncomiR or tumor inhibitor in various cancer types by impacting multiple hallmarks of tumor. Generally, miR‑181a‑5p binds to target RNA sequences with partial complementarity, resulting in suppression of the targeted genes of miR‑181a‑5p. However, the precise role of miR‑181a‑5p in cancer remains incompletely understood. The present review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of recent research on miR‑181a‑5p, focusing on its involvement in different types of cancer and its potential as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, as well as its function in chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junxin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Shurong Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Zhigui Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University
- South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine
- Laboratory of Personalised Cell Therapy and Cell Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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Zhang D, Hua M, Zhang N. LINC01232 promotes lung squamous cell carcinoma progression through modulating miR-181a-5p/SMAD2 axis. Am J Med Sci 2023; 365:386-395. [PMID: 36543302 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjms.2022.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LINC01232 has been implicated in the progression of multiple malignancies. Yet, the function of LINC01232 in the carcinogenesis of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) remains unclear. This study aims to examine the role LINC01232 plays in LUSC progression. METHODS mRNA and protein levels were assessed using qRT-PCR and western blot, respectively. Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK-8 and colony formation assays. Cell migration and invasion were evaluated by transwell assay. The interactions between LINC01232, miR-181a-5p, and SMAD2 were assessed using luciferase reporter, RNA pull-down, and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. The subcellular distribution of LINC01232 was examined by cytosolic/nuclear fractionation assay RESULTS: LINC01232 was upregulated in both LUSC tissues and cell lines. Knockdown of LINC01232 impaired cell proliferation, migration and invasion capability in H1229 and A549 cells, a phenotype that could be reversed by miR-181a-5p silencing. In addition, LINC01232 silencing reduced levels of N-cadherin, Vimentin, and Snail in H1229 and A549 cells, but increased the level of E-cadherin, which can be abrogated by miR-181a-5p inhibitors. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study demonstrates that LINC01232 expression increases in LUSC tissues and cell lines and promotes LUSC progression by modulating the miR-181a-5p/SMAD2 signaling, providing new potential drug targets for LUSC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongliang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, China Coast Guard Hospital of the People's Armed Police Force, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Minglei Hua
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Xincheng Branch of Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital, Zaozhuang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, China Coast Guard Hospital of the People's Armed Police Force, Jiaxing, Zhejiang Province, China.
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3
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Da-Silva CCS, Anauate AC, Guirao TP, Novaes ADS, Maquigussa E, Boim MA. Analysis of exosome-derived microRNAs as early biomarkers of lipopolysaccharide-induced acute kidney injury in rats. Front Physiol 2022; 13:944864. [PMID: 36091362 PMCID: PMC9462429 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.944864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis contributes to the high prevalence of acute kidney injury (AKI), which mainly occurs in hospitalized patients. The delay in AKI detection is a risk factor for death and chronicity; thus, early diagnosis is essential for initiating proper treatment strategies. Although serum creatinine is used as biomarker, it is increased in plasma serum creatinine only at late stages of AKI. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), a class of noncoding RNAs responsible for gene regulation, can be found in biological fluids within vesicles such as exosomes and may be promising tools for the early detection of AKI. We aimed to identify potential blood miRNAs that can be used as early biomarkers of sepsis-induced AKI in rats. Adult male Wistar rats received a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The earliest significant increase in serum creatinine was detected 4 h after LPS administration. To evaluate whether miRNAs could act as early biomarkers, blood samples were collected before and 2 h after LPS infusion. Serum NGAL levels were used as a comparative marker. Serum miRNAs were derived from exosomes, and their expression were evaluated by the PCR array. miR-181a-5p and miR-23b-3p showed higher expression in LPS-treated rats than in the control animals (p < 0.05). Bioinformatics analysis showed that both miRNAs target molecules associated with transcription factors that regulate genes related to proinflammatory cytokines. Considering that LPS activates transcription factors that lead to the production of proinflammatory cytokines, possible premature changes in the serum levels of miR-181a-5p and miR-23b-3p may be used to identify sepsis-induced AKI earlier.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Carolina Anauate
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Edgar Maquigussa
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de SP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program of Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Edgar Maquigussa,
| | - Mirian Aparecida Boim
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de SP, São Paulo, Brazil
- Postgraduate Program of Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, Brazil
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4
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Long Noncoding RNA Mediated Regulation in Human Embryogenesis, Pluripotency, and Reproduction. Stem Cells Int 2022; 2022:8051717. [PMID: 35103065 PMCID: PMC8800634 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8051717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a class of noncoding RNAs with more than 200 bp in length, are produced by pervasive transcription in mammalian genomes and regulate gene expression through various action mechanisms. Accumulating data indicate that lncRNAs mediate essential biological functions in human development, including early embryogenesis, induction of pluripotency, and germ cell development. Comprehensive analysis of sequencing data highlights that lncRNAs are expressed in a stage-specific and human/primate-specific pattern during early human development. They contribute to cell fate determination through interacting with almost all classes of cellular biomolecules, including proteins, DNA, mRNAs, and microRNAs. Furthermore, the expression of a few of lncRNAs is highly associated with the pathogenesis and progression of many reproductive diseases, suggesting that they could serve as candidate biomarkers for diagnosis or novel targets for treatment. Here, we review research on lncRNAs and their roles in embryogenesis, pluripotency, and reproduction. We aim to identify the underlying molecular mechanisms essential for human development and provide novel insight into the causes and treatments of human reproductive diseases.
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5
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Selem NA, Youness RA, Gad MZ. What is beyond LncRNAs in breast cancer: A special focus on colon cancer-associated Transcript-1 (CCAT-1). Noncoding RNA Res 2021; 6:174-186. [PMID: 34938928 PMCID: PMC8666458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2021.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (LncRNAs) play a vital role in the process of malignant transformation. In breast cancer (BC), lncRNAs field is currently under intensive investigations. Yet, the role of lncRNAs as promising diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers and as therapeutic target/tool among BC patients still needs a special focus from the biomedical scientists. In BC, triple negative breast cancer patients (TNBC) are the unlucky group as they are always represented with the worst prognosis and the highest mortality rates. For that reason, a special focus on TNBC and associated lncRNAs was addressed in this review. Colon cancer-associated transcript 1 (CCAT-1) is a newly discovered oncogenic lncRNA that has been emerged as a vital biomarker for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic interventions in multiple malignancies and showed differential expression among TNBC patients. In this review, the authors shed the light onto the general role of lncRNAs in BC and the specific functional activities, molecular mechanisms, competing endogenous ncRNA role of CCAT-1 in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha A. Selem
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rana A. Youness
- Molecular Genetics Research Team (MGRT), Pharmaceutical Biology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Egypt
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted By Global Academic Foundation, New Administrative Capital, 11586, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Z. Gad
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, Egypt
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6
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Cavaliere AF, Perelli F, Zaami S, Piergentili R, Mattei A, Vizzielli G, Scambia G, Straface G, Restaino S, Signore F. Towards Personalized Medicine: Non-Coding RNAs and Endometrial Cancer. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:healthcare9080965. [PMID: 34442102 PMCID: PMC8393611 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9080965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is the most frequent female cancer associated with excellent prognosis if diagnosed at an early stage. The risk factors on which clinical staging is based are constantly updated and genetic and epigenetic characteristics have recently been emerging as prognostic markers. The evidence shows that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a fundamental role in various biological processes associated with the pathogenesis of EC and many of them also have a prognosis prediction function, of remarkable importance in defining the therapeutic and surveillance path of EC patients. Personalized medicine focuses on the continuous updating of risk factors that are identifiable early during the EC staging to tailor treatments to patients. This review aims to show a summary of the current classification systems and to encourage the integration of various risk factors, introducing the prognostic role of non-coding RNAs, to avoid aggressive therapies where not necessary and to treat and strictly monitor subjects at greater risk of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Franca Cavaliere
- Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Gynecology and Obstetric Department, Santo Stefano Hospital, 59100 Prato, Italy;
| | - Federica Perelli
- Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Gynecology and Obstetric Department, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, 50012 Florence, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-3338370040
| | - Simona Zaami
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Roma, Italy;
| | - Roberto Piergentili
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council (CNR-IBPM), 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alberto Mattei
- Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Gynecology and Obstetric Department, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, 50012 Florence, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe Vizzielli
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (G.S.)
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics Department, Udine University Hospital, DAME, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (G.V.); (G.S.)
| | - Gianluca Straface
- Division of Perinatal Medicine, Policlinico Abano Terme, 35031 Abano Terme, Italy;
| | - Stefano Restaino
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Pediatrics Department, Udine University Hospital, DAME, 33100 Udine, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Signore
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, USL Roma2, Sant’Eugenio Hospital, 00144 Rome, Italy;
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7
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Dong P, Xiong Y, Konno Y, Ihira K, Kobayashi N, Yue J, Watari H. Long non-coding RNA DLEU2 drives EMT and glycolysis in endometrial cancer through HK2 by competitively binding with miR-455 and by modulating the EZH2/miR-181a pathway. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:216. [PMID: 34174908 PMCID: PMC8235565 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-021-02018-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and aerobic glycolysis are fundamental processes implicated in cancer metastasis. Although increasing evidence demonstrates an association between EMT induction and enhanced aerobic glycolysis in human cancer, the mechanisms linking these two conditions in endometrial cancer (EC) cells remain poorly defined. Methods We characterized the role and molecular mechanism of the glycolytic enzyme hexokinase 2 (HK2) in mediating EMT and glycolysis and investigated how long noncoding RNA DLEU2 contributes to the stimulation of EMT and glycolysis via upregulation of HK2 expression. Results HK2 was highly expressed in EC tissues, and its expression was associated with poor overall survival. Overexpression of HK2 effectively promoted EMT phenotypes and enhanced aerobic glycolysis in EC cells via activating FAK and its downstream ERK1/2 signaling. Moreover, microRNA-455 (miR-455) served as a tumor suppressor by directly interacting with HK2 mRNA and inhibiting its expression. Furthermore, DLEU2 displayed a significantly higher expression in EC tissues, and increased DLEU2 expression was correlated with worse overall survival. DLEU2 acted as an upstream activator for HK2-induced EMT and glycolysis in EC cells through two distinct mechanisms: (i) DLEU2 induced HK2 expression by competitively binding with miR-455, and (ii) DLEU2 also interacted with EZH2 to silence a direct inhibitor of HK2, miR-181a. Conclusions This study identified DLEU2 as an upstream activator of HK2-driven EMT and glycolysis in EC cells and provided significant mechanistic insights for the potential treatment of EC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-021-02018-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixin Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 0608638, Japan.
| | - Ying Xiong
- Department of Gynecology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Yosuke Konno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 0608638, Japan.
| | - Kei Ihira
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 0608638, Japan
| | - Noriko Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 0608638, Japan
| | - Junming Yue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA.,Center for Cancer Research, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, 38163, USA
| | - Hidemichi Watari
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 0608638, Japan
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Piergentili R, Zaami S, Cavaliere AF, Signore F, Scambia G, Mattei A, Marinelli E, Gulia C, Perelli F. Non-Coding RNAs as Prognostic Markers for Endometrial Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063151. [PMID: 33808791 PMCID: PMC8003471 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) has been classified over the years, for prognostic and therapeutic purposes. In recent years, classification systems have been emerging not only based on EC clinical and pathological characteristics but also on its genetic and epigenetic features. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as promising markers in several cancer types, including EC, for which their prognostic value is currently under investigation and will likely integrate the present prognostic tools based on protein coding genes. This review aims to underline the importance of the genetic and epigenetic events in the EC tumorigenesis, by expounding upon the prognostic role of ncRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Piergentili
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Pathology, Italian National Research Council (CNR-IBPM), 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Simona Zaami
- Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 336, 00161 Rome, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-327-3385-804
| | - Anna Franca Cavaliere
- Gynecology and Obstetric Department, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Santo Stefano Hospital, 59100 Prato, Italy;
| | - Fabrizio Signore
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, USL Roma2, Sant’Eugenio Hospital, 00144 Rome, Italy;
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Gynecologic Oncology Unit, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Universita’ Cattolica Del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Mattei
- Gynecology and Obstetric Department, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, 50012 Florence, Italy; (A.M.); (F.P.)
| | - Enrico Marinelli
- Unit of Forensic Toxicology (UoFT), Department of Anatomical, Histological, Forensic and Orthopedic Sciences, Sapienza University, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Caterina Gulia
- Department of Urology, Misericordia Hospital, 58100 Grosseto, Italy;
| | - Federica Perelli
- Gynecology and Obstetric Department, Azienda USL Toscana Centro, Santa Maria Annunziata Hospital, 50012 Florence, Italy; (A.M.); (F.P.)
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Xue W, Zheng Y, Shen Z, Li L, Fan Z, Wang W, Zhu Z, Zhai Y, Zhao J, Kan Q. Involvement of long non-coding RNAs in the progression of esophageal cancer. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2021; 41:371-388. [PMID: 33605567 PMCID: PMC8118593 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the digestive system with high incidence and mortality rate worldwide. Therefore, exploring the pathogenesis of EC and searching for new targeted therapies are the current research hotspot for EC treatment. Long non‐coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are endogenous RNAs with more than 200 nucleotides, but without protein‐coding function. In recent years, lncRNAs have gradually become the focuses in the field of non‐coding RNA. Some lncRNAs have been proved to be closely related to the pathogenesis of EC. Many lncRNAs are abnormally expressed in EC and participate in many biological processes including cell proliferation, apoptosis, and metastasis by inhibiting or promoting target gene expression. LncRNAs can also regulate the progression of EC through epithelial‐mesenchymal transformation (EMT), which is closely related to the occurrence, development, and prognosis of EC. In this article, we review and discuss the involvement of lncRNAs in the progression of EC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Xue
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China.,Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Zhibo Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China.,Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China.,Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Lifeng Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China.,Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Zhirui Fan
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Wenbin Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Zijia Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Yunkai Zhai
- Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China.,Internet Medical and System Applications of National Engineering Laboratory, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China
| | - Quancheng Kan
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, P. R. China
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10
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Jing J, Zhao X, Wang J, Li T. Potential diagnostic and prognostic value and regulatory relationship of long noncoding RNA CCAT1 and miR-130a-3p in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:68. [PMID: 33482824 PMCID: PMC7821502 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01757-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) could interact with each other to play a vital role in the pathogenesis of cancers. We aimed to examine the expression profile, clinical significance and regulatory relationship of miR-130a-3p and its predicted interactive lncRNA in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Methods Bioinformatics analysis was used to predict lncRNAs binding with miR-130a-3p. qRT-PCR was employed to detect the expression levels of miR-130a-3p and the miRNA-targeted lncRNA, and their clinical values in ccRCC were clarified. The lncRNA sponge potential of miR-130a-3p was assessed through dual-luciferase reporter assay and the biological effects of them were observed. Results Colon cancer associated transcript 1 (CCAT1) directly interacted with miR-130a-3p and negatively regulated miR-130a-3p expression. CCAT1 was upregulated and miR-130a-3p was downregulated in ccRCC cell line and tissues (all P < 0.05). High CCAT1 and low miR-130a-3p expression was correlated with larger tumor size and advanced TNM stage in ccRCC patients. High CCAT1 level suggested a poor survival prognosis. There was a negative association between CCAT1 and miR-130a-3p expression (r = − 0.373, P = 0.010). MiR-130a-3p mimic and si-CCAT1 inhibited ccRCC cell proliferation and invasion, and induced apoptosis. Conclusions CCAT1/miR-130a-3p axis may have potential to serve as a novel diagnostic and prognostic target of ccRCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Jing
- Tumor Etiology and Screening Department of Cancer Institute and General Surgery, Key Laboratory of Cancer Etiology and Prevention in Liaoning Education Department, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Mathematical Computer Teaching and Research Office, Liaoning Vocational College of Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110101, P.R. China
| | - Jiannan Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, the First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P.R. China
| | - Tan Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Ultrasound, the First Hospital of China Medical University, No.155 Nanjing Bei Street, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, P.R. China.
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11
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Silencing long noncoding RNA colon cancer-associated transcript-1 upregulates microRNA-34a-5p to promote proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in osteoporosis. Cancer Gene Ther 2021; 28:1150-1161. [PMID: 33402731 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00264-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been revealed to be related to multiple physiological and pathology processes such as development, carcinogenesis, and osteogenesis. It is reported that lncRNAs might exert function in osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. Here, we determined this study to clarify whether lncRNA CCAT1 could regulate osteoblast proliferation and differentiation in ovariectomized rats with osteoporosis. The osteoporosis models were established by bilateral ovariectomy and treated with CCAT1 siRNAs to discuss the effect of CCAT1 on pathological changes and osteocyte apoptosis in ovariectomized rats with osteoporosis. The osteoblasts from ovariectomized rats were cultured in vitro, which were then treated with CCAT1 siRNAs to explore the role of CCAT1 in osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, the relationships among CCAT1, miR-34a-5p, and SMURF2 were confirmed. CCAT1 and SMURF2 were amplified while miR-34a-5p expression was inhibited in bone tissues and osteoblasts of ovariectomized rats with osteoporosis. Inhibited CCAT1 improved pathology and restricted osteocyte apoptosis of bone tissues in ovariectomized rats with osteoporosis in vivo, and also enhanced differentiation, mineralization abilities, and proliferation, and suppressed apoptosis of osteoblasts from ovariectomized rats in vitro through upregulating miR-34a-5p expression. LncRNA CCAT1 could competitively bind with miR-34a-5p to prevent the degradation of its target gene SMURF2. Results of this research suggested that the CCAT1 inhibits the proliferation and differentiation of osteoblasts in rats with osteoporosis by binding to miR-34a-5p, providing novel biomarkers for osteoporosis treatment.
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12
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Wang W, Hou Z, Wen C, Ge L, Ge L. Long Non-coding RNA Colon Cancer-Associated Transcript-1 Promotes Migration, Invasion, and Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition of Lung Adenocarcinoma by Suppressing miR-219-1. Front Genet 2020; 11:929. [PMID: 33193573 PMCID: PMC7596359 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence suggests that long non-coding colon cancer-associated transcript-1(CCAT1) plays a pivotal role in the progression of a variety of tumors. However, little is known about its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LAD). In this study, we found LAD tissue samples had a higher expression of CCAT1 but a lower expression of miR-219-1 compared to their adjacent non-tumor tissues. CCAT1 negatively regulated the expression of miR-219-1. miR-219-1 suppressed the proliferation of A549 and H1299 cells. Knockdown of CCAT1 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of A549 and H1299 cells, which were reversed by the miR-219-1 inhibitor. CCAT1 knockdown increased the expression of E-cadherin but decreased the expressions of N-cadherin and vimentin, which were restored by the miR-219-1 inhibitor. In vivo, knockdown of CCAT1 suppressed the tumor growth of LAD xenografts, which were rescued by the inhibition of miR-219-1. In summary, our findings suggested that CCAT1 promotes the progression of LAD via sponging miR-219-1, providing a potential therapeutic target for LAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhiliang Hou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Henan Provincial Chest Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chengcai Wen
- Huai'an Second People's Hospital and The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Liyue Ge
- Department of Oncology, Huai'an Second People's Hospital and The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
| | - Lili Ge
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Huai'an Second People's Hospital and The Affiliated Huai'an Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Huai'an, China
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Liu Y, Cheng T, Du Y, Hu X, Xia W. LncRNA LUCAT1/miR-181a-5p axis promotes proliferation and invasion of breast cancer via targeting KLF6 and KLF15. BMC Mol Cell Biol 2020; 21:69. [PMID: 32998707 PMCID: PMC7525994 DOI: 10.1186/s12860-020-00310-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are novel regulatory molecules in breast cancer development. LncRNA LUCAT1 is a potential tumor promoter in human cancers. In this study, we aimed to explore the role of LUCAT1 in human breast cancer tissues and cells. METHODS A total of 31 breast cancer patients who underwent tumor resection, but without chemo- or radiotherapy or acute lung/heart/kidney diseases, provided tumor and adjacent normal tissues. Bioinformatic analysis, qRT-PCR, and luciferase reporter assay were carried out during the study. RESULTS qRT-PCR analysis indicated that, compared with the adjacent tissues and MCF-10A normal breast epithelial cells, LUCAT1 was markedly up-regulated in the breast cancer tissues and five BC cell lines, including MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-435, SKBR3, and MCF-7. The knockdown of LUCAT1, through the transfection of small interfering RNA (siRNA) specific to LUCAT1, resulted in inhibition of proliferation in breast cancer cells. The expression levels of miR-181a-5p were decreased in the breast cancer tissues and five BC cell lines. Bioinformatic analysis and luciferase reporter assay suggested the interaction between miR-181a-5p and LUCAT1. In addition, the effects of LUCAT1 on promoting cell proliferation were attenuated by overexpression of miR-181a-5p through the transfection of miR-181a-5p mimic. Moreover, bioinformatics and luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-181a-5p targeted the 3'-UTR region of KLF6 and KLF15 mRNA, which were two tumor suppressor genes. LUCAT1/miR-181a-5p axis regulated the expression of KLF6 and KLF15 both in vitro and in vivo. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that LUCAT1/miR-181a-5p axis can serve as a novel therapeutic target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Liu
- Department of ENT, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430030, PR China
| | - Teng Cheng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid surgery, Division of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430030, PR China
| | - Yaying Du
- Department of Breast and Thyroid surgery, Division of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430030, PR China
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- Department of Breast and Thyroid surgery, Division of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430030, PR China
| | - Wenfei Xia
- Department of Breast and Thyroid surgery, Division of General Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, No. 1095, Jiefang Avenue, Qiaokou District, Wuhan City, Hubei Province, 430030, PR China.
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Shen L, Wu Y, Li A, Li L, Shen L, Jiang Q, Li Q, Wu Z, Yu L, Zhang X. LncRNA TTN‑AS1 promotes endometrial cancer by sponging miR‑376a‑3p. Oncol Rep 2020; 44:1343-1354. [PMID: 32945477 PMCID: PMC7448418 DOI: 10.3892/or.2020.7691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing research has demonstrated that lncRNAs participate in the development of multiple cancer types. However, the role of TTN-AS1 in endometrial cancer (EC) remains unknown. The present study aimed to explore the function of titin-antisense RNA1 (TTN-AS1) in EC progression and the underlying mechanisms. qRT-PCR was performed to assess the TTN-AS1 expression patterns in EC tissues and cell lines. Loss of function experiments were carried out to estimate the effects of TTN-AS1 on EC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. To reveal the underlying mechanisms, informatics tools were used to predict the targets. Rescue experiments were performed to investigate the TTN-AS1-regulated miR-376a-3p/pumilio homolog 2 (PUM2) axis involved. The results of the present study revealed that TTN-AS1 was highly expressed in both EC tissues and cell lines, and TTN-AS1 knockdown inhibited EC cell proliferation, migration and invasion. With respect to the mechanisms, miR-376a-3p was revealed to be targeted by TTN-AS1, and reversed the effects on EC development induced by TTN-AS1. In addition, PUM2 was positively regulated by TTN-AS1, and miR-376a-3p mediated the regulation between them. Furtherly, in vivo experiments confirmed the results. Collectively, TTN-AS1 enhanced EC cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting the miR-376a-3p/PUM2 axis, which may shed light on EC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longde Shen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Yinyin Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jinjiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Jinjiang, Fujian 362200, P.R. China
| | - Ailu Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Lichun Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Longyuan Shen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuxia Jiang
- Department of Ultrasound, Quanzhou Women's and Children's Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Qiuxia Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Quanzhou Guangqian Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Zhifen Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Liji Yu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Zhang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Quanzhou First Hospital Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362000, P.R. China
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Zhang G, Ma A, Jin Y, Pan G, Wang C. LncRNA SNHG16 induced by TFAP2A modulates glycolysis and proliferation of endometrial carcinoma through miR-490-3p/HK2 axis. Am J Transl Res 2019; 11:7137-7145. [PMID: 31814916 PMCID: PMC6895515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence indicates the important roles of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) in the endometrial carcinoma (ECa). Here, we identified the roles of SNHG16 in the ECa proliferation and glycolysis, and revealed the underlying mechanism. Results presented that SNHG16 expression was increased in the ECa tissue and cells, and the ectopic SNHG16 overexpression was closely correlated with the poor survival rate and recurrence free survival of ECa. As regarding the upstream, transcription factor TFAP2A bound with the promotor region of SNHG16 and activated its transcription. In functional experiments, SNHG16 knockdown suppressed the proliferation, glycolysis and tumor growth of ECa cells. In mechanical experiments, SNHG16 upregulated HK2, the target gene of miR-490-3p, by competitively sponging miR-490-3p and then promoted endometrial carcinoma proliferation and glycolysis. In conclusion, this finding illustrates the vital role of SNHG16 via the TFAP2A/SNHG16/miR-490-3p/HK2 axis in the ECa proliferation and glycolysis, providing an interesting insight for the ECa tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong UniversityJinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Anjun Ma
- The Second Department of Gynecology, The Second People’s Hospital of LiaochengLiaocheng 252601, Shandong, China
| | - Yuqin Jin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Guoyou Pan
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Cong Wang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan 250012, Shandong, China
- Shandong Academy of Medical SciencesJinan 250012, Shandong, China
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16
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Liu Z, Ma C, Tang X, Tang Q, Lou L, Yu Y, Zheng F, Wu J, Yang XB, Wang W, Hann SS. The Reciprocal Interaction Between LncRNA CCAT1 and miR-375-3p Contribute to the Downregulation of IRF5 Gene Expression by Solasonine in HepG2 Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1081. [PMID: 31681610 PMCID: PMC6813207 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Solasonine (SS), a natural glycoalkaloid component, has been shown to have potent inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity against many cancer types. However, the precise mechanisms underlying this, particularly in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are poorly understood. In this study, we showed that SS inhibited growth of HCC cells. Mechanistically, we observed that SS increased the expression of miR-375-3p, whereas reducing levels of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) CCAT1 was noticed in HepG2 HCC and other cells. In addition, we found that SS repressed transcription factors, SP1 and interferon regulatory factor 5 (IRF5), protein expressions. There was a reciprocal interaction among miR-375-3p, CCAT1, and SP1. Moreover, SS inhibited IRF5 promoter activity, which was not observed in cells transfected with excessive expressed SP1 vectors. Interestingly, exogenously expressed IRF5 was shown to reverse expressions of SS-inhibited CCAT1 and induced-miR-375-3p; and neutralized SS-inhibited growth of HCC cells. Similar results were also found in vivo mouse model. Collectively, our results show that SS inhibits HepG2 HCC growth through the reciprocal regulation between the miR-375-3p and lncRNA CCAT1, and this results in transcription factor SP1-mediated reduction of IRF5 expression. The regulations and interactions among miR-375-3p, CCAT1, SP1, and IRF5 axis unveil a novel molecular mechanism underlying the anti-HCC growth by SS. IRF5 may be a potential target for treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - ChangJu Ma
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - XiaoJuan Tang
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing Tang
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - LiJie Lou
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaya Yu
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - JingJing Wu
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Bo Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Swei Sunny Hann
- Laboratory of Tumor Biology, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Clinical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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