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Rong X, Kou Y, Zhang Y, Yang P, Tang R, Liu H, Li M. ED-71 Prevents Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis by Regulating Osteoblast Differentiation via Notch and Wnt/β-Catenin Pathways. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:3929-3946. [PMID: 36411860 PMCID: PMC9675334 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s377001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Long-term glucocorticoid- usage can lead to glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP). The study focused on the preventative effects of a novel active vitamin D3 analog, eldecalcitol (ED-71), against GIOP and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS Intraperitoneal injection of methylprednisolone (MPED) or dexamethasone (DEX) induced the GIOP model within C57BL/6 mice in vivo. Simultaneously, ED-71 was orally supplemented. Bone histological alterations, microstructure parameters, novel bone formation rates, and osteogenic factor changes were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, micro-computed tomography, calcein/tetracycline labeling, and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The osteogenic differentiation level and mineralization in pre-osteoblast MC3T3-E1 cells were evaluated in vitro using alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining, alizarin red (AR) staining, quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), Western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS ED-71 partially prevented bone mass reduction and microstructure parameter alterations among GIOP-induced mice. Moreover, ED-71 also promoted new bone formation and osteoblast activity while inhibiting osteoclasts. In vitro, ED-71 promoted osteogenic differentiation and mineralization in DEX-treated MC3T3-E1 cells and boosted the levels of osteogenic-related factors. Additionally, GSK3-β and β-catenin expression levels were elevated after ED-71 was added to cells and were accompanied by reduced Notch expression. The Wnt signaling inhibitor XAV939 and Notch overexpression reversed the ED-71 promotional effects toward osteogenic differentiation and mineralization. CONCLUSION ED-71 prevented GIOP by enhancing osteogenic differentiation through Notch and Wnt/GSK-3β/β-catenin signaling. The results provide a novel translational direction for the clinical application of ED-71 against GIOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Rong
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuying Kou
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Panpan Yang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rong Tang
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongrui Liu
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Minqi Li
- Department of Bone Metabolism, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
- Center of Osteoporosis and Bone Mineral Research, Shandong University, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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Jiang C, Wang Y, Zhang M, Xu J. Cholesterol inhibits autophagy in RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation through activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:9217-9229. [PMID: 35881223 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07747-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A dysregulated balance between bone formation and bone resorption controlled by osteoblast and osteoclast will lead to osteoporosis. Cholesterol (CHO) is a crucial factor leading to osteoporosis, and autophagy appears to involve it. Therefore, we aimed to study the molecular mechanism of autophagy in CHO-induced osteoclasts differentiation. METHODS Nuclear factor-κ B ligand as a receptor activator was used to induce osteoclasts differentiation of murine macrophage RAW264.7 treated with CHO, PI3-kinase inhibitor (LY294002), and Rapamycin (RAPA), respectively. Western blot assay was used to detect the expression of TRAP/ACP5 and the proteins involved in autophagy and the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. In addition, TRAP staining, bone resorption assay, and F-actin immunofluorescence were performed to evaluate the ability of osteoclast formation. Transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence were also executed to observed the expression of LC3B, and autophagosome. RESULTS When RAW264.7 was treated with 20 μg/mL CHO for 5 consecutive days, It exhibited the optimal osteoclast activity. In addition, CHO could inhibit autophagy and activate the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. Moreover, the effects of CHO on osteoclast differentiation and autophagy could partially be reversed by LY294002 and RAPA. CONCLUSION Therefore, our results demonstrated that CHO could inhibit autophagy during osteoclast differentiation by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway. These findings provided important theoretical basis for CHO in bone resorption and formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.,Department of Endocrinology, People's Hospital of Linyi, Linyi, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Mengqi Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China.,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Shandong Clinical Medical Center of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Jinan, Shandong, China. .,Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shandong Academy of Clinical Medicine, Jinan, 250021, Shandong, China.
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Ye L, Zhu L, Wang J, Li F. Inhibition of vitamin D analog eldecalcitol on hepatoma in vitro and in vivo. Open Med (Wars) 2020; 15:663-671. [PMID: 33336024 PMCID: PMC7712092 DOI: 10.1515/med-2020-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatoma is a serious liver cancer with high morbidity and mortality. Eldecalcitol (ED-71), a vitamin D analog, is extensively used as anti-cancer agent in vitro. Hepatocellular carcinoma cell, SMMC-7721 cell lines were used in this study. Transwell assay, cell apoptosis and cell cycle detection assays were investigated after treatment with ED-71 and phosphate buffered saline (PBS) as control. Sizes of tumors were measured after ED-71 treatment in a mouse model. E-cadherin and Akt gene expressions were detected by real-time PCR (RT-PCR). The results showed that cell invasion and migration were decreased markedly after ED-71 treatment compared to control group. Cell cycle detection showed that the G2 stage was 13.18% and total S-stage was 41.16% in the ED-71 group and G2 stage: 22.88%, total S-stage: 27.34% in the control group. Cell apoptosis rate was promoted in the ED-71 group. Size of the tumors reduced more after the ED-71 treatment than the PBS treatment in mice. ED-71 markedly inhibited the expression of Akt and E-cadherin, either detected by immunohistochemistry or RT-PCR. ED-71 treatment can inhibit the hepatoma agent proliferation by increasing the E-cadherin expression and decreasing Akt expression. Therefore, these findings provide novel evidence that ED-71 can be used as an anti-hepatoma agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, No. 83, Zhongshan East Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, China
| | - Liyi Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, No. 83, Zhongshan East Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, No. 83, Zhongshan East Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, People's Hospital of Guizhou Province, No. 83, Zhongshan East Road, Nanming District, Guiyang, Guizhou 550002, China
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