1
|
Gao J, You T, Liu J, Yang L, Liu Y, Wang Y. TIPRL, a Potential Double-edge Molecule to be Targeted and Re-targeted Toward Cancer. Cell Biochem Biophys 2024:10.1007/s12013-024-01334-5. [PMID: 38888871 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-024-01334-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
The target of rapamycin (TOR) proteins exhibits phylogenetic conservation across various species, ranging from yeast to humans, and are classified as members of the phosphatidylinositol kinase (PIK)-related kinase family. Multiple serine/threonine (Ser/Thr) protein phosphatases (PP)2A, PP4, and PP6, have been recognized as constituents of the TOR signaling pathway in mammalian cells. The protein known as TOR signaling pathway regulator-like (TIPRL) functions as a regulatory agent by impeding the activity of the catalytic subunits of PP2A. Various cellular contexts have been postulated for TIPRL, encompassing the regulation of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, inhibition of apoptosis and biogenesis, and recycling of PP2A. According to reports, there has been an observed increase in TIPRL levels in several types of carcinomas, such as non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). This review aims to comprehensively examine the significance of the Tor pathway in regulating apoptosis and proliferation of cancer cells, with a specific focus on the role of TOR signaling and TIPRL in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255036, China
| | - Tiantian You
- Department of Pharmacy, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255036, China
| | - Jiao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255036, China
| | - Lili Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255036, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255036, China
| | - Yanyan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, 255036, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhai B, Wu J, Li T. Fibroblast Growth Factor 11 Enables Tumor Cell Immune Escape by Promoting T Cell Exhaustion and Predicts Poor Prognosis in Patients with Lung Adenocarcinoma. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2023; 2023:9303632. [PMID: 37250453 PMCID: PMC10219772 DOI: 10.1155/2023/9303632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor 11 (FGF11) accelerates tumor proliferation in a variety of cancer types. This study aimed to examine the link between FGF11 and the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma. FGF11 was searched in the Tumor Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and ImmProt databases. The link between FGF11 and lung cancer clinical data was investigated using TCGA and Kaplan-Meier (KM)-plotter databases, and we developed a prediction model. Putative mechanisms of action were investigated using Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG enrichment analyses. The GeneMANIA and STRING databases were used to search for genes that interact with FGF11, and the Tumor Immune Estimation Resource (TIMER) database was used to discover connections between FGF11 and immune cells, as well as any correlations with immune-related genes. We found that FGF11 expression was higher in the lung adenocarcinoma tissue than in the paracancerous tissue, and patients with high FGF11 expression had a lower overall survival, progression-free survival, and disease specific survival rate than those with low FGF11 expression. The expression of FGF11 was inversely linked to six types of infiltrating immune cells in the TIMER database and was associated with EGFR, VEGFA, BRAF, and MET expressions. The FGF11 gene is negatively correlated with the expression of most immune cells, mainly with various functional T cells including Th1, Th1-like, Treg, and Resting Treg characterization genes. These results indicate that FGF11 has the potential to be a new lung adenocarcinoma biomarker. It increases tumor cell immune escape by boosting T cell exhaustion in the tumor microenvironment, contributing to the poor prognosis of the patients with lung adenocarcinoma. These results provide incentive to further research FGF11 as a possible biomarker and drug target for patients with lung adenocarcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baoqian Zhai
- Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Yancheng City No. 1 People's Hospital, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Yancheng 224005, China
| | - Jiacheng Wu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, No. 30, Tongyang bei Road, Tongzhou District, Nantong 226361, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University &Nantong Tumor Hospital, No. 30, Tongyang bei Road, Tongzhou District, Nantong 226361, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun J, Yang M, Zhao W, Wang F, Yang L, Tan C, Hu T, Zhu H, Zhao G. Research progress on the relationship between the TOR signaling pathway regulator, epigenetics, and tumor development. Front Genet 2022; 13:1006936. [PMID: 36212146 PMCID: PMC9539685 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1006936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Almost all cellular activities depend on protein folding, signaling complex assembly/disassembly, and epigenetic regulation. One of the most important regulatory mechanisms responsible for controlling these cellular processes is dynamic protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation. Alterations in phosphorylation networks have major consequences in the form of disorders, including cancer. Many signaling cascades, including the target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling, are important participants in the cell cycle, and dysregulation in their phosphorylation/dephosphorylation status has been linked to malignancies. As a TOR signaling regulator, protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is responsible for most of the phosphatase activities inside the cells. On the other hand, TOR signaling pathway regulator (TIPRL) is an essential PP2A inhibitory protein. Many other physiological roles have also been suggested for TIPRL, such as modulation of TOR pathways, apoptosis, and cell proliferation. It is also reported that TIPRL was increased in various carcinomas, including non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Considering the function of PP2A as a tumor suppressor and also the effect of the TIPRL/PP2A axis on apoptosis and proliferation of cancer cells, this review aims to provide a complete view of the role of TIPRL in cancer development in addition to describing TIPRL/PP2A axis and its epigenetic regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaen Sun
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Minglei Yang
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidi Zhao
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fajiu Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liangwei Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chuntao Tan
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianjun Hu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Huangkai Zhu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Huangkai Zhu, ; Guofang Zhao,
| | - Guofang Zhao
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hwa Mei Hospital, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
- *Correspondence: Huangkai Zhu, ; Guofang Zhao,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang F, Cheng R, Li P, Lu C, Zhang G. Hsa_circ_0010235 functions as an oncogenic drive in non-small cell lung cancer by modulating miR-433-3p/TIPRL axis. Cancer Cell Int 2021; 21:73. [PMID: 33494763 PMCID: PMC7836483 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-021-01764-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a threat to human health. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been proved to function in NSCLC development. In this study, the role of circRNA hsa_circ_0010235 in NSCLC progression and the possible molecular mechanism were explored. METHODS Expression of hsa_circ_0010235, miRNA (miR)-433-3p and TOR signaling pathway regulator-like (TIPRL) was examined by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). Cell viability and clonogenicity were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and colony formation assay, respectively. Flow cytometry was performed to monitor cell apoptosis and cell cycle distribution. Western blot assay was employed to evaluate the protein levels of TIPRL, light chain 3 (LC3)-II/I and p62. Cell metastasis was assessed by Transwell and wound healing assays. The targeted relationship between miR-433-3p and hsa_circ_0010235 or TIPRL was confirmed by dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays. Furthermore, the role of hsa_circ_0010235 in vivo was investigated by xenograft assay. RESULTS Hsa_circ_0010235 and TIPRL were highly expressed in NSCLC tissues and cells, while miR-433-3p was downregulated. Depletion of hsa_circ_0010235 or gain of miR-433-3p repressed proliferation and autophagy but promoted apoptosis in NSCLC cells. Hsa_circ_0010235 sponged miR-433-3p to upregulate TIPRL expression, so as to affect NSCLC development. Hsa_circ_0010235 knockdown also blocked tumor growth in vivo. CONCLUSION Hsa_circ_0010235 knockdown suppressed NSCLC progression by regulating miR-433-3p/TIPRL axis, affording a novel mechanism of NSCLC progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Furui Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ruirui Cheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China.
| | - Chunya Lu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Guojun Zhang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe Road, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| |
Collapse
|