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Faeed M, Ghiasvand M, Fareghzadeh B, Taghiyar L. Osteochondral organoids: current advances, applications, and upcoming challenges. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:183. [PMID: 38902814 PMCID: PMC11191177 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03790-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In the realm of studying joint-related diseases, there is a continuous quest for more accurate and representative models. Recently, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering have seen a growing interest in utilizing organoids as powerful tools for studying complex biological systems in vitro. Organoids, three-dimensional structures replicating the architecture and function of organs, provide a unique platform for investigating disease mechanisms, drug responses, and tissue regeneration. The surge in organoid research is fueled by the need for physiologically relevant models to bridge the gap between traditional cell cultures and in vivo studies. Osteochondral organoids have emerged as a promising avenue in this pursuit, offering a better platform to mimic the intricate biological interactions within bone and cartilage. This review explores the significance of osteochondral organoids and the need for their development in advancing our understanding and treatment of bone and cartilage-related diseases. It summarizes osteochondral organoids' insights and research progress, focusing on their composition, materials, cell sources, and cultivation methods, as well as the concept of organoids on chips and application scenarios. Additionally, we address the limitations and challenges these organoids face, emphasizing the necessity for further research to overcome these obstacles and facilitate orthopedic regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Faeed
- Cell and Molecular School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ghiasvand
- Department of Animal Sciences and Marine Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Fareghzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Leila Taghiyar
- Department of Stem Cell and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Advanced Therapy Medicinal Product Technology Development Center (ATMP-TDC), Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
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Hosseinzadeh A, Jamshidi Naeini A, Sheibani M, Gholamine B, Reiter RJ, Mehrzadi S. Melatonin and oral diseases: possible therapeutic roles based on cellular mechanisms. Pharmacol Rep 2024; 76:487-503. [PMID: 38607587 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-024-00593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Oral diseases, including periodontal disorders, oral cancer, periodontitis, and mucositis are the major challenges for both patients and healthcare providers. These conditions often involve inflammation, oxidative stress, and impaired cellular processes, leading to symptoms ranging from discomfort to severe debilitation. Conventional treatments for such oral diseases exhibit constraints, prompting the investigation of innovative therapeutic approaches. Considering the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-cancer effects of melatonin, this study was carried out to investigate the potential protective effects of melatonin in mitigating the severity of oral diseases. Studies indicate that melatonin influences the differentiation of periodontal stem cells, inhibits oral cancer progression, reduces inflammation associated with periodontitis, and alleviates the severity of oral mucositis. Melatonin has demonstrated potential efficacy in both preclinical and clinical investigations; however, findings are frequently heterogeneous and contingent upon contextual factors. This review provides a comprehensiveoverview of current state of knowledge in this domain, elucidating the multifaceted role that melatonin may assume in combatingoral diseases. Further research should be directed toward determining the most effective dosing, timing, and administration methods for melatonin-based therapies for oral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azam Hosseinzadeh
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Jamshidi Naeini
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Sheibani
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Gholamine
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cell Systems and Anatomy, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Saeed Mehrzadi
- Razi Drug Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Yun C, Kim SH, Kim KM, Yang MH, Byun MR, Kim JH, Kwon D, Pham HTM, Kim HS, Kim JH, Jung YS. Advantages of Using 3D Spheroid Culture Systems in Toxicological and Pharmacological Assessment for Osteogenesis Research. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2512. [PMID: 38473760 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone differentiation is crucial for skeletal development and maintenance. Its dysfunction can cause various pathological conditions such as rickets, osteoporosis, osteogenesis imperfecta, or Paget's disease. Although traditional two-dimensional cell culture systems have contributed significantly to our understanding of bone biology, they fail to replicate the intricate biotic environment of bone tissue. Three-dimensional (3D) spheroid cell cultures have gained widespread popularity for addressing bone defects. This review highlights the advantages of employing 3D culture systems to investigate bone differentiation. It highlights their capacity to mimic the complex in vivo environment and crucial cellular interactions pivotal to bone homeostasis. The exploration of 3D culture models in bone research offers enhanced physiological relevance, improved predictive capabilities, and reduced reliance on animal models, which have contributed to the advancement of safer and more effective strategies for drug development. Studies have highlighted the transformative potential of 3D culture systems for expanding our understanding of bone biology and developing targeted therapeutic interventions for bone-related disorders. This review explores how 3D culture systems have demonstrated promise in unraveling the intricate mechanisms governing bone homeostasis and responses to pharmacological agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chawon Yun
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Sou Hyun Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Mok Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hye Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ran Byun
- College of Pharmacy, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Joung-Hee Kim
- Department of Medical Beauty Care, Dongguk University Wise, Gyeongju 38066, Republic of Korea
| | - Doyoung Kwon
- Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
| | - Huyen T M Pham
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Sop Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Ho Kim
- Department of Molecular Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Suk Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, Research Institute for Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Lee SB, Lee HJ, Park JB. Bone Morphogenetic Protein-9 Promotes Osteogenic Differentiation and Mineralization in Human Stem-Cell-Derived Spheroids. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1315. [PMID: 37512125 PMCID: PMC10384578 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Alkaline phosphatase activity, mineralized matrix, and osteogenic-related gene expression have been shown to increase in response to bone morphogenetic protein-9 (BMP-9). In this study, spheroids derived from human gingival stem cells were used to determine the effects of BMP-9 on cell survival, osteogenesis, and mineralization. Materials and Methods: Human gingival stem cells were used to produce spheroids and then grown to concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL with BMP-9. On days 1, 3, 5, and 7, morphological examination was carried out. A live/dead assay and Cell Counting Kit-8 was used to assess the vitality of cells. On days 7 and 14, alkaline phosphatase activity assays were carried out using a commercially available kit to examine the osteogenic differentiation of cell spheroids. Alizarin Red Staining was performed on the 7th and 14th days to evaluate mineralization, and RUNX2 and COL1A1 expression levels were evaluated on the 7th and 14th days using real-time polymerase chain reactions. Results: The BMP-9 added at the measured quantities did not appear to alter the shape of the well-formed spheroids produced by stem cells on day 1. In addition, treatment with BMP-9 at doses of 0, 0.1, 1, 10, or 100 ng/mL did not significantly alter cell diameter. Throughout the whole experimental process, viability was maintained. On day 14, the alkaline phosphatase activity in the groups dosed with 0.1, 1, 10, or 100 ng/mL was statistically higher than that in the unloaded control group (p < 0.05). According to qPCR data, the mRNA expression level of RUNX2 with 1 ng/mL dosing was higher on day 7 compared to that of the unloaded control group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: These findings suggest that BMP-9 can be employed to stimulate early osteogenic differentiation in stem cell spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Bin Lee
- Dental Implantology, Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jin Lee
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Dental Implantology, Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Kim JH, Kim M, Hwa S, Ko Y, Park JB. Vitamin E Enhances Cell Viability and the Osteogenic Differentiation of Cell Spheroids Made of Gingiva-Derived Stem Cells. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59040736. [PMID: 37109694 PMCID: PMC10143862 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59040736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Vitamin E is reported to expedite new bone formation in animal models, and this has led to a decrease in the time needed for treatment. In this study, human gingiva-derived stem cell-derived spheroids were examined to determine the effects of vitamin E on cell survival, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization. Materials and Methods: Human gingiva-derived stem cells were used to create spheroids, which were then cultivated with vitamin E at doses of 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 ng/mL. The morphological examination and the qualitative and quantitative vitality of the cells were assessed. Alizarin Red S staining and alkaline phosphatase activity assays were performed on days 7 and 14 to evaluate the osteogenic differentiation. The expression levels of RUNX2 and COL1A1 were assessed using a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The addition of vitamin E did not appear to alter the spheroid's shape at the measured quantities without altering the diameter. During the culture time, the majority of the cells in the spheroids fluoresced green. Regardless of concentration, there were substantial increases in cell viability in the vitamin E-loaded groups on day 7 (p < 0.05). On day 14, the Alizarin Red S staining was statistically higher in the 1 ng/mL group compared to the unloaded control (p < 0.05). The addition of vitamin E to the culture enhanced the mRNA expression levels of RUNX2, OCN, and COL1A1 based on the real-time polymerase chain reaction data. Conclusions: We draw the conclusion that vitamin E may be used to promote the osteogenic differentiation of stem cell spheroids in light of these data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hyeong Kim
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Minji Kim
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Somyeong Hwa
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Dental Implantology, Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngkyung Ko
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Dental Implantology, Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Dental Implantology, Graduate School of Clinical Dental Science, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
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Effects of Enamel Matrix Derivative on Cell Spheroids Made of Stem Cells Obtained from the Gingiva on Osteogenic Differentiation. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59020377. [PMID: 36837578 PMCID: PMC9960569 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59020377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: A derivative of the enamel matrix was used to speed up periodontal regeneration, including the formation of new cementum, alveolar bone, and periodontal ligament. In this study, human gingiva-derived stem cell-derived cell spheroids were used to assess the effects of an enamel matrix derivative on cell viability, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization. Materials and Methods: Human gingiva-derived stem cells were used to create spheroids, which were then coupled with unloaded control groups and an enamel matrix derivative at a final concentration of 2.7, 27, 270, and 2700 μg/mL. The morphological examination of the created stem cell spheroids took place on days 1, 3, 5, and 7. The Live/Dead Kit assay was used to determine the qualitative viability of cells on days 3 and 7. Using the Cell Counting Kit-8, the quantitative vitality of the cell spheroids was assessed on days 1, 3, and 5. On days 7 and 14, alkaline phosphatase activity assays and Alizarin Red S staining were carried out to examine the osteogenic differentiation of the cell spheroids. RUNX2 and COL1A1 expression levels on days 7 and 14 were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: The added enamel matrix derivative at the tested concentrations did not significantly alter the morphology of the applied stem cells' well-formed spheroids on day 1. On days 3 and 7, the majority of the spheroids' cells fluoresced green while they were being cultivated. Alkaline phosphatase activity data revealed a substantial rise in the 2700 μg/mL group on day 7 when compared to the unloaded control (p < 0.05). On days 7 and 14, calcium deposits were distinctly seen in each group. In the 27 and 2700 μg/mL groups, the treatment with the enamel matrix derivative resulted in noticeably higher values for the Alizarin Red S staining (p < 0.05). qPCR results showed that adding an enamel matrix derivative to the culture of the 27 μg/mL group raised the level of RUNX2 mRNA expression. Conclusions: These results lead us to the conclusion that a derivative of the enamel matrix may be used to promote osteogenic differentiation in stem cell spheroids.
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Lee HJ, Na KH, Uddin MS, Park JB. Assessment of the Impacts of Centipeda minima (L.) on Cell Viability, and Osteogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell Spheroids. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 59:medicina59010043. [PMID: 36676667 PMCID: PMC9863519 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59010043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Centipeda minima (L.) is a well-known and traditional pharmaceutical that has been utilized to treat different conditions controlling rhinitis, soothe pain, and decrease swelling. We assessed the impacts of Centipeda minima (L.) extricates (CMTs) on the osteogenic differentiation of cell spheroids made of human-bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Materials and Methods: Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in spheroid 3D culture were generated and propagated in the presence of CMTs ranging from 0 to 1 μg/mL. Cell morphology was measured on Days 1, 3, 5, and 7. The quantitative cellular viability was evaluated on Days 1, 3, 5, and 7. Alkaline phosphatase activity assays were designed to measure the osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cell spheroids on Day 7. Alizarin Red S staining was performed to investigate the mineralization of cell spheroids on Days 7 and 14. Real-time polymerase chain reactions were used to measure the expression levels of RUNX2 and COL1A1 on Day 14. Western blot techniques were performed to identify the protein expression of Runt-related transcription factor 2 and type I collagen. Results: The control group’s mesenchymal stem cells displayed a spheroid shape. There was no noticeable change in morphology with the addition of CMTs at final concentrations of 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 μg/mL compared with the untreated (control) group. The application of CMTs did not induce a significant change in cell viability. The relative alkaline phosphatase activity values in the 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 μg/mL CMT groups were 114.4% ± 8.2%, 130.6% ± 25.3%, 87.8% ± 3.4%, and 92.1% ± 6.8%, respectively, considering a control of 100% (100.0% ± 17.9%). On Day 14, calcium deposits were clearly observed in each group. The relative values of Alizarin Red S staining in the 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, and 1 μg/mL CMT groups were 100.1% ± 8.9%, 105.9% ± 0.0%, 109.7% ± 19.1%, and 87.0% ± 40.9%, respectively, considering a control of 100% (100.0% ± 28.7%). The addition of CMT significantly increased RUNX2 expression in the 0.01 μg/mL group and COL1A1 in the 0.001 and 0.01 μg/mL groups. Normalization of protein expression showed that the addition of CMTs significantly increased type I collagen expression in the 0.001, 0.01, and 1 μg/mL groups. Conclusions: In conclusion, CMTs influence the osteogenic differentiation of bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and the use of CMTs may positively influence the osteogenic differentiation of cell spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Lee
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Hwan Na
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
| | - Md. Salah Uddin
- Ethnobotanical Database of Bangladesh, Tejgaon, Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, the Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2258-6290
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Lee J, Lee S, Huh SJ, Kang BJ, Shin H. Directed Regeneration of Osteochondral Tissue by Hierarchical Assembly of Spatially Organized Composite Spheroids. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103525. [PMID: 34806336 PMCID: PMC8787388 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The use of engineered scaffolds or stem cells is investigated widely in the repair of injured musculoskeletal tissue. However, the combined regeneration of hierarchical osteochondral tissue remains a challenge due to delamination between cartilage and subchondral bone or difficulty in spatial control over differentiation of transplanted stem cells. Here, two types of composite spheroids are prepared using adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) and nanofibers coated with either transforming growth factor-β3 or bone morphogenetic growth factor-2 for chondrogenesis or osteogenesis, respectively. Each type of spheroid is then cultured within a 3D-printed microchamber in a spatially arranged manner to recapitulate the bilayer structure of osteochondral tissue. The presence of inductive factors regionally modulates in vitro chondrogenic or osteogenic differentiation of hADSCs within the biphasic construct without dedifferentiation. Furthermore, hADSCs from each spheroid proliferate and sprout and successfully connect the two layers mimicking the osteochondral interface without apertures. In vivo transplantation of the biphasic construct onto a femoral trochlear groove defect in rabbit knee joint results in 21.2 ± 2.8% subchondral bone volume/total volume and a cartilage score of 25.0 ± 3.7. The present approach can be an effective therapeutic platform to engineer complex tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkyu Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Seoyun Lee
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Huh
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Jae Kang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, BK21 FOUR Future Veterinary Medicine Leading Education and Research Center, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Heungsoo Shin
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Bioengineering and Biopharmaceutical Research, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- BK21 FOUR Education and Research Group for Biopharmaceutical Innovation Leader, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, 222 Wangsimni-ro, Seongdong-gu, Seoul, 04763, Republic of Korea
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Lee HJ, Song YM, Baek S, Park YH, Park JB. Vitamin D Enhanced the Osteogenic Differentiation of Cell Spheroids Composed of Bone Marrow Stem Cells. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2021; 57:medicina57111271. [PMID: 34833489 PMCID: PMC8625339 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57111271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Vitamin D is a bone modulator widely used in regenerative medicine. This study aimed to analyze the effects of vitamin D on the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization of human mesenchymal stem cells. Materials and Methods: Spheroids were fabricated using human bone marrow-derived stem cells, and were cultured in the presence of vitamin D at concentrations of 0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 100 nM. Stem cell spheroids were fabricated and the morphological evaluation was conducted on days 1, 3, 7 and 14. Determination of qualitative cellular viability was performed with Live/Dead Kit assay on days 1 and 7. Quantitative cellular viability was evaluated with Cell Counting Kit-8 on days 1, 3, 7, and 14. To analyze the osteogenic differentiation of cell spheroids, alkaline phosphatase activity assays were performed with commercially available kit on days 7 and 14. Real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression levels of RUNX2, BSP, OCN, and COL1A1 on days 7 and 14. Results: The stem cells produced well-formed spheroids, and addition of vitamin D did not result in any noticeable changes in the shape. The addition of vitamin D did not significantly change the diameter of the spheroids at 0, 0.1, 1, 10, or 100 nM concentrations. Quantitative cell viability results from days 1, 3, 7 and 14 showed no significant difference between groups (p > 0.05). There was significantly higher alkaline phosphatase activity in the 0.1 nM group when compared with the control group on day 14 (p < 0.05). Real-time polymerase chain reaction results demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of RUNX2, OCN, and COL1A1 were significantly increased when vitamin D was added to the culture. Conclusions: Based on these findings, we concluded that vitamin D could be applied to the increased osteogenicity of stem cell spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jin Lee
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (Y.-M.S.)
| | - Young-Min Song
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (Y.-M.S.)
| | | | - Yoon-Hee Park
- Ebiogen, #405, Sungsu A1 Center 48 Ttukseom-ro 17-ga-gil, Seongdong-gu, Seoul 04785, Korea;
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.-J.L.); (Y.-M.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2258-6290
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Lee H, Song Y, Park YH, Uddin MS, Park JB. Evaluation of the Effects of Cuminum cyminum on Cellular Viability, Osteogenic Differentiation and Mineralization of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57010038. [PMID: 33406654 PMCID: PMC7823674 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Cuminum cyminum L. has long been used in the treatment of various diseases in multiple geographical regions. This study was performed to determine the effects of C. cyminum methanolic extract (CCT) on the cellular viability, alkaline phosphatase activity and mineralization of human mesenchymal stem cells. Materials and Methods: Bone marrow-derived stem cells were cultured in the presence of CCT at concentrations of 0, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg/mL. Evaluations of cell morphology were performed on days 1, 3, 7 and 14. Cellular viability was evaluated on days 1, 3, 5 and 7. On the 7th and 14th day, alkaline phosphatase activity measurements and Alizarin red S staining were conducted to assess the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells. A real-time polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the expression levels of RUNX2, BSP, OCN, COL2A1 and β-catenin mRNAs. Results: Stem cells in the control group showed fibroblast-like morphology and the addition of CCT at 0.001, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg/mL did not generate noticeable changes in morphology compared with the untreated control group. The application of CCT did not produce significant changes in cellular viability or alkaline phosphatase activity compared with controls. Alizarin Red S staining was significantly increased with the application of CCT. Treatment with CCT increased the expressions of RUNX2, BSP and OCN. Conclusions: These results indicate that CCT enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells derived from bone marrow by regulating the expressions of RUNX2, BSP and OCN. Thus, the use of CCT may be applied to achieve beneficial effects on the mineralization of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunjin Lee
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.L.); (Y.S.)
| | - Youngmin Song
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.L.); (Y.S.)
| | | | - Md. Salah Uddin
- Ethnobotanical Database of Bangladesh, Tejgaon, Dhaka 1208, Bangladesh;
| | - Jun-Beom Park
- Department of Periodontics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591, Korea; (H.L.); (Y.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-2258-6290
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