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Lin G, Qi H, Guo X, Wang W, Zhang M, Gao X. ARID1B blocks methionine-stimulated mTOR activation to inhibit milk fat and protein synthesis in and proliferation of mouse mammary epithelial cells. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 114:109274. [PMID: 36681308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 12/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Met can function through the mTOR signaling pathway, but the molecular mechanism is not fully understood. Here we investigated the role of ARID1B in this regulatory process. ARID1B knockdown promoted milk fat and protein synthesis in and cell proliferation of HC11 cells and increased mTOR mRNA expression and protein phosphorylation, whereas ARID1B gene activation had the opposite effects. ARID1B gene activation totally blocked Met's stimulation on mTOR mRNA expression. ARID1B bound to one region of the mTOR promoter, and Met reduced the binding of ARID1B on this promoter. LY294002 blocked Met-induced reduction of ARID1B mRNA and protein level. Cycloheximide treatment did not affect the decrease of ARID1B by Met. MG132 but not chloroquine restored ARID1B degradation induced by Met. Our data reveal that ARID1B is a key negative regulator of milk fat and protein synthesis in and proliferation of HC11 cells, and blocks Met-stimulated mTOR gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Lin
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Hao Qi
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xudong Guo
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Minghui Zhang
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- College of Animal Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China.
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van der Sluijs PJ, Alders M, Dingemans AJM, Parbhoo K, van Bon BW, Dempsey JC, Doherty D, den Dunnen JT, Gerkes EH, Milller IM, Moortgat S, Regier DS, Ruivenkamp CAL, Schmalz B, Smol T, Stuurman KE, Vincent-Delorme C, de Vries BBA, Sadikovic B, Hickey SE, Rosenfeld JA, Maystadt I, Santen GWE. A Case Series of Familial ARID1B Variants Illustrating Variable Expression and Suggestions to Update the ACMG Criteria. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12081275. [PMID: 34440449 PMCID: PMC8393241 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ARID1B is one of the most frequently mutated genes in intellectual disability (~1%). Most variants are readily classified, since they are de novo and are predicted to lead to loss of function, and therefore classified as pathogenic according to the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants. However, familial loss-of-function variants can also occur and can be challenging to interpret. Such variants may be pathogenic with variable expression, causing only a mild phenotype in a parent. Alternatively, since some regions of the ARID1B gene seem to be lacking pathogenic variants, loss-of-function variants in those regions may not lead to ARID1B haploinsufficiency and may therefore be benign. We describe 12 families with potential loss-of-function variants, which were either familial or with unknown inheritance and were in regions where pathogenic variants have not been described or are otherwise challenging to interpret. We performed detailed clinical and DNA methylation studies, which allowed us to confidently classify most variants. In five families we observed transmission of pathogenic variants, confirming their highly variable expression. Our findings provide further evidence for an alternative translational start site and we suggest updates for the ACMG guidelines for the interpretation of sequence variants to incorporate DNA methylation studies and facial analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pleuntje J. van der Sluijs
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (P.J.v.d.S.); (C.A.L.R.)
| | - Mariëlle Alders
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Alexander J. M. Dingemans
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (A.J.M.D.); (B.B.A.d.V.)
| | - Kareesma Parbhoo
- Division of Genetic & Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (K.P.); (B.S.); (S.E.H.)
| | - Bregje W. van Bon
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands;
| | - Jennifer C. Dempsey
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (J.C.D.); (D.D.)
| | - Dan Doherty
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; (J.C.D.); (D.D.)
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, USA
| | - Johan T. den Dunnen
- Human Genetics and Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Centre, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands;
| | - Erica H. Gerkes
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Ilana M. Milller
- Rare Disease Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (I.M.M.); (D.S.R.)
| | - Stephanie Moortgat
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium; (S.M.); (I.M.)
| | - Debra S. Regier
- Rare Disease Institute, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA; (I.M.M.); (D.S.R.)
| | - Claudia A. L. Ruivenkamp
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (P.J.v.d.S.); (C.A.L.R.)
| | - Betsy Schmalz
- Division of Genetic & Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (K.P.); (B.S.); (S.E.H.)
| | - Thomas Smol
- EA7364 RADEME, Institut de Génétique Médicale, Université de Lille, CHU de Lille, F-59000 Lille, France;
| | - Kyra E. Stuurman
- Erasmus MC, Department of Clinical Genetics, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | | | - Bert B. A. de Vries
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (A.J.M.D.); (B.B.A.d.V.)
| | - Bekim Sadikovic
- Verspeeten Clinical Genome Centre and London Health Sciences Centre, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Western University, London, ON N6A 3K7, Canada;
| | - Scott E. Hickey
- Division of Genetic & Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, OH 43205, USA; (K.P.); (B.S.); (S.E.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Jill A. Rosenfeld
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA;
- Baylor Genetics Laboratories, Houston, TX 77021, USA
| | - Isabelle Maystadt
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, 6041 Gosselies, Belgium; (S.M.); (I.M.)
| | - Gijs W. E. Santen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands; (P.J.v.d.S.); (C.A.L.R.)
- Correspondence:
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