1
|
Liu S, Yang D, Li W, Chen Q, Lu D, Xiong L, Wu J, Ao H, Huang L. Magnolia Officinalis Alcohol Extract Alleviates the Intestinal Injury Induced by Polygala Tenuifolia Through Regulating the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB Signaling Pathway and Intestinal Flora. Drug Des Devel Ther 2024; 18:1695-1710. [PMID: 38799799 PMCID: PMC11128259 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s461152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Polygala tenuifolia Willd. (PT), a traditional Chinese medicinal plant extensively employed in managing Alzheimer's disease, exhibits notable gastrointestinal side effects as highlighted by prior investigations. In contrast, Magnolia officinalis Rehd. et Wils (MO), a traditional remedy for gastrointestinal ailments, shows promising potential for ameliorating this adverse effect of PT. The objective of this study is to examine the underlying mechanism of MO in alleviating the side effects of PT. Methods Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining was used to observe the structural damage of zebrafish intestine, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress. The integrity of the intestinal tight junctions was examined using transmission electron microscope (TEM). Moreover, the expression of intestinal barrier genes and PI3K/AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway-related genes was determined through quantitative real-time PCR. The changes in intestinal microbial composition were analyzed using 16S rRNA and metagenomic techniques. Results MO effectively ameliorated intestinal pathological damage and barrier gene expression, and significantly alleviated intestinal injury by reducing the expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and inhibiting the activation of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, MO could significantly increase the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms (Lactobacillus, Blautia and Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and reduce the relative abundance of pathogenic bacteria (Plesiomonas and Aeromonas). Conclusion MO alleviated PT-induced intestinal injury, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of PI3K/AKT/NF-κB pathway activation and regulation of intestinal flora.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuping Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Danni Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liang Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjie Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lihua Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Tang X, Xiong K, Liu J, Li M. Lipopolysaccharide promotes apoptosis and oxidative injury of porcine small intestinal epithelial cells by down-regulating the expression of glutamine transporter ASCT2. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skad229. [PMID: 37410896 PMCID: PMC10358220 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation on oxidative damage, apoptosis, and glutamine (Gln) transporter Alanine-Serine-Cysteine transporter 2 (ASCT2) expression in porcine small intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2), and preliminarily elucidated the relationship between ASCT2 expression level and oxidative damage and apoptosis of IPEC-J2 cells. IPEC-J2 cells were treated without (control group, CON, N = 6) or with 1 μg/mL LPS (LPS group, LPS, N = 6). Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) content, malonaldehyde (MDA), anti-oxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px], and total anti-oxidant capacity [T-AOC]), apoptosis of IPEC-J2 cells, the expression of Caspase3, the expression of ASCT2 mRNA and ASCT2 protein was detected. The results showed that LPS stimulation of IPEC-J2 cells significantly reduced the cell viability, and anti-oxidant enzymes activity (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px), and significantly increased LDH and MDA release. Flow cytometry results showed that LPS stimulation significantly increased the late apoptosis rate and the total apoptosis rate of IPEC-J2 cells. The immunofluorescence results showed that the fluorescence intensity of LPS stimulated IPEC-J2 cells was significantly enhanced. LPS stimulation significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression of ASCT2 in IPEC-J2 cells. The correlation analysis showed that ASCT2 expression was negatively correlated with apoptosis, and positively correlated with the anti-oxidant capacity of IPEC-J2 cells. According to the results of this study, it can be preliminarily concluded that LPS promotes the apoptosis and oxidative injury of IPEC-J2 cells by down-regulating the expression of ASCT2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Tang
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertfication Control, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Kangning Xiong
- State Engineering Technology Institute for Karst Desertfication Control, School of Karst Science, Guizhou Normal University, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources Management Station of Guizhou Province, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Meijun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hunan Biological and Electromechanical Polytechnic, Furong District, Changsha 410127, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen L, Zhao X, Wei S, Ma X, Liu H, Li J, Jing M, Wang M, Zhao Y. Mechanism of Paeoniflorin on ANIT-Induced Cholestatic Liver Injury Using Integrated Metabolomics and Network Pharmacology. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:737630. [PMID: 34526905 PMCID: PMC8435635 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.737630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Paeoniflorin (PF), the major active compound isolated from the roots of Paeonia lactiflora Pall., has been used in the treatment of severe hepatic diseases for several decades and displays bright prospects in liver protective effect. However, its biological mechanism that regulates bile acid metabolism and cholestatic liver injury has not been fully elucidated. Our study aims to investigate the mechanism by which PF in the treatment of cholestatic liver injury using a comprehensive approach combining metabolomics and network pharmacological analysis. Methods: The hepatoprotective effect of PF against cholestasis liver injury, induced by α-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT), was evaluated in rats. The serum biochemical indices including ALT, AST, TBA, TBIL, ALP, ALB, and the pathological characteristics of the liver were analyzed. Moreover, UHPLC-Q-TOF was performed to explore the feces of rats with ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury treated with PF and the potential biomarkers were screened by metabolomics. The targets for the regulation of potential biomarkers by PF were screened by network pharmacology, and then the relevant key targets were verified by immunohistochemical and western blotting methods. Results: PF significantly improved serum indexes and alleviated liver histological damage. Metabolomics analyses showed that the therapeutic effect of PF is mainly associated with the regulation of 13 metabolites involved in 16 metabolic pathways. The “PF-targets-metabolites” interaction network was constructed, and then five key targets including CDC25B, CYP2C9, MAOB, mTOR, and ABCB1 that regulated the potential biomarkers were obtained. The above five targets were further verified by immunohistochemistry and western blotting, and the results showed that PF significantly improved the expression of key proteins regulating these biomarkers. Conclusion: Our study provides direct evidence for the modulatory properties of PF treatment on ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury using metabolomics and network pharmacology analyses. PF exhibits favorable pharmacological effect by regulating related signal pathways and key targets for biomarkers. Therefore, these findings may help better understand the complex mechanisms and provide a new and effective approach to the treatment of cholestatic liver injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- Hepotology Department, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Shizhang Wei
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Honghong Liu
- Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Department, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jianyu Li
- Integrated TCM and Western Medicine Department, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Manyi Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hebei North University, Zhangjiakou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu MH, Padilla-Rodriguez M, Blum I, Camenisch A, Figliuolo da Paz V, Ollerton M, Muller J, Momtaz S, Mitchell SAT, Kiela P, Thorne C, Wilson JM, Cox CM. Proliferation in the developing intestine is regulated by the endosomal protein Endotubin. Dev Biol 2021; 480:50-61. [PMID: 34411593 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
During postnatal intestinal development, the intestinal epithelium is highly proliferative, and this proliferation is regulated by signaling in the intervillous and crypt regions. This signaling is primarily mediated by Wnt, and requires membrane trafficking. However, the mechanisms by which membrane trafficking regulates signaling during this developmental phase are largely unknown. Endotubin (EDTB, MAMDC4) is an endosomal protein that is highly expressed in the apical endocytic complex (AEC) of villus enterocytes during fetal and postnatal development, and knockout of EDTB results in defective formation of the AEC and giant lysosome. Further, knockout of EDTB in cell lines results in decreased proliferation. However, the role of EDTB in proliferation during the development of the intestine is unknown. Using Villin-CreERT2 in EDTBfl/fl mice, we deleted EDTB in the intestine in the early postnatal period, or in enteroids in vitro after isolation of intervillous cells. Loss of EDTB results in decreased proliferation in the developing intestinal epithelium and decreased ability to form enteroids. EDTB is present in cells that contain the stem cell markers LGR5 and OLFM4, indicating that it is expressed in the proliferative compartment. Further, using immunoblot analysis and TCF/LEF-GFP mice as a reporter of Wnt activity, we find that knockout of EDTB results in decreased Wnt signaling. Our results show that EDTB is essential for normal proliferation during the early stages of intestinal development and suggest that this effect is through modulation of Wnt signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Han Wu
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | | | - Isabella Blum
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Abigail Camenisch
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | | | | | - John Muller
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Samina Momtaz
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Stefanie A T Mitchell
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Pawel Kiela
- Departments of Pediatrics and Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Curtis Thorne
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Steele Children's Research Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Jean M Wilson
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; The University of Arizona Cancer Center, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA; Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| | - Christopher M Cox
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
| |
Collapse
|