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Hsia T, Chen Y. RNA-encapsulating lipid nanoparticles in cancer immunotherapy: From pre-clinical studies to clinical trials. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 197:114234. [PMID: 38401743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based delivery systems such as RNA-encapsulating lipid nanoparticles (RNA LNPs) have dramatically advanced in function and capacity over the last few decades. RNA LNPs boast of a diverse array of external and core configurations that enhance targeted delivery and prolong circulatory retention, advancing therapeutic outcomes. Particularly within the realm of cancer immunotherapies, RNA LNPs are increasingly gaining prominence. Pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo studies have laid a robust foundation for new and ongoing clinical trials that are actively enrolling patients for RNA LNP cancer immunotherapy. This review explores RNA LNPs, starting from their core composition to their external membrane formulation, set against a backdrop of recent clinical breakthroughs. We further elucidate the LNP delivery avenues, broach the prevailing challenges, and contemplate the future perspectives of RNA LNP-mediated immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffaney Hsia
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yunching Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan.
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Tuncer SB, Celik B, Kılıc Erciyas S, Sukruoglu Erdogan O, Pasin O, Avsar M, Kurt Gultaslar B, Adamnejad Ghafour A, Uyaroglu G, Akdeniz Odemis D, Yazıcı H. Aberrant miR-3135b and miR-1273g-3p expression in the peripheral blood samples of BRCA1/2 (±) ovarian cancer patients. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23876. [PMID: 38234891 PMCID: PMC10792459 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) ranks as the eighth most prevalent malignancy among women globally. The short non-coding RNA molecules, microRNAs (miRNAs) target multiple mRNAs and regulate the gene expression. Here in this study, we aimed to validate miR-3135b and miR-1273g-3p as novel biomarkers for prognostic and diagnostic factor OC. After RNA isolation, we analyzed the miR-3135b and miR-1273g-3p expression in peripheral blood samples derived from 150 OC patients. Subsequently, we compared their expression levels with 100 healthy controls. The differences of miR-3135b and miR-1273g-3p expression were detected using the Quantitative Real Time-PCR (qRT-PCR) technique following miRNA-specific cDNA synthesis pursing miRNA separation. The miR-3135b and miR-1273g-3p were higher in OC patients who tested positive for BRCA1/2 compared to BRCA-negative patients, and healthy cases. The level of miR-3135b demonstrated a roughly 4.82-fold increase in OC patients in comparison to the healthy cases, while miR-1273g-3p expression exhibited a roughly 6.77-fold increase. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis has demonstrated the potential of miR-3135b and miR-1273g-3p as markers for distinguishing between OC patients and healthy controls. The higher expressions of miR-3135b and miR-1273g-3p could be associated with OC development. Moreover, miR-3135b may have a diagnostic potential and miR-1273g-3p may have both diagnostic and prognostic potential in OC cell differentiation. The string analysis has revealed an association between miR-1273g-3p and the MDM2 gene, suggesting a potential link to tumor formation through the proteasomal degradation of the TP53 tumor suppressor gene. Additionally, the analysis indicates an association of miR-1273g-3p with CHEK1, a gene involved in checkpoint-mediated cell cycle arrest. String analysis also indicates that miR-3135b is associated with the MAPK1 gene, causing activation of the oncogenesis cascade. In conclusion, miR-1273g-3p, and miR-3135b exhibit significant potential as diagnostic markers. However, further research is needed to comprehensively investigate these miRNAs diagnostic and predictive characteristics in a larger cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seref Bugra Tuncer
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Betul Celik
- Molecular Biology Department, Erzincan Binali Yıldırım University, Erzincan, Türkiye
| | - Seda Kılıc Erciyas
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ozge Sukruoglu Erdogan
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ozge Pasin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics, Bezmialem Vakıf University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Mukaddes Avsar
- Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Istanbul Aydın University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Busra Kurt Gultaslar
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | | | - Gamze Uyaroglu
- Institute of Graduate Studies in Health Sciences, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Demet Akdeniz Odemis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Oncology Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Hulya Yazıcı
- Department of Medical Biology, Istanbul Arel University, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Tang X, Lin Y, He J, Luo X, Liang J, Zhu X. Downregulated miRNA-491-3p accelerates colorectal cancer growth by increasing uMtCK expression. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14285. [PMID: 36518289 PMCID: PMC9744150 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC) is the second most frequent cancer worldwide. MiR-491-3p, a tumor-suppressive microRNA (miRNA, miR), has been revealed to be abnormally expressed in CRC tissues. Meanwhile, up-regulated ubiquitous mitochondrial creatine kinase (uMtCK) contributes to CRC cell proliferation. Here we aim to explore whether aberrant miR-491-3p expression promotes CRC progression through regulating uMtCK. To this end, miR-491-3p and uMtCK levels were assessed in CRC tissues using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The biological roles of miR-491-3p and uMtCK in regulating CRC growth were evaluated using colony formation assay and mouse Xenograft tumour model. We found that miR-491-3p expression was decreased in CRC tissues compared with matched para-cancerous tissues, whereas uMtCK expression was increased. Functionally, miR-491-3p overexpression repressed SW480 cell growth, whereas miR-491-3p depletion accelerated SW620 cell proliferation and growth. Inversely, uMtCK positively regulated CRC cell proliferation. Mechanistically, miR-491-3p post-transcriptionally downregulated uMtCK expression by binding to 3'-UTR of uMtCK. Consequently, restoring uMtCK expression markedly eliminated the role of miR-491-3p in suppressing CRC growth. Collectively, miR-491-3p functions as a tumour suppressor gene by repressing uMtCK, and may be a potential target for CRC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingkui Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Panyu District Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yukun Lin
- Department of Electron Microscopy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jialin He
- Department of General Surgery, Panyu District Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xijun Luo
- Department of General Surgery, Panyu District Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjie Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Panyu District Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianjun Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, Panyu District Central Hospital, Guangzhou, China
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Szczepanek J, Skorupa M, Tretyn A. MicroRNA as a Potential Therapeutic Molecule in Cancer. Cells 2022; 11:1008. [PMID: 35326459 PMCID: PMC8947269 DOI: 10.3390/cells11061008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Small noncoding RNAs, as post-translational regulators of many target genes, are not only markers of neoplastic disease initiation and progression, but also markers of response to anticancer therapy. Hundreds of miRNAs have been identified as biomarkers of drug resistance, and many have demonstrated the potential to sensitize cancer cells to therapy. Their properties of modulating the response of cells to therapy have made them a promising target for overcoming drug resistance. Several methods have been developed for the delivery of miRNAs to cancer cells, including introducing synthetic miRNA mimics, DNA plasmids containing miRNAs, and small molecules that epigenetically alter endogenous miRNA expression. The results of studies in animal models and preclinical studies for solid cancers and hematological malignancies have confirmed the effectiveness of treatment protocols using microRNA. Nevertheless, the use of miRNAs in anticancer therapy is not without limitations, including the development of a stable nanoconstruct, delivery method choices, and biodistribution. The aim of this review was to summarize the role of miRNAs in cancer treatment and to present new therapeutic concepts for these molecules. Supporting anticancer therapy with microRNA molecules has been verified in numerous clinical trials, which shows great potential in the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Szczepanek
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ul. Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Monika Skorupa
- Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ul. Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Tretyn
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Ul. Lwowska 1, 87-100 Torun, Poland;
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