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Hao J, Guo X, Wang S, Guo X, Yuan K, Chen R, Hao L. LincRNA-p21/AIF-1/CMPK2/NLRP3 pathway promoted inflammation, autophagy and apoptosis of human tubular epithelial cell induced by urate via exosomes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18146. [PMID: 39103417 PMCID: PMC11300820 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Urate nephropathy, a common complication of hyperuricemia, has garnered increasing attention worldwide. However, the exact pathogenesis of this condition remains unclear. Currently, inflammation is widely accepted as the key factor in urate nephropathy. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the interaction of lincRNA-p21/AIF-1/CMPK2/NLRP3 via exosomes in urate nephropathy. This study evaluated the effect of lincRNA-p21/AIF-1/CMPK2/NLRP3 using clinical data collected from patients with urate nephropathy and human renal tubular epithelial cells (HK2) cultured with different concentrations of urate. In clinical research section, the level of lincRNA-p21/AIF-1 in exosomes of urine in patients with hyperuricemia or urate nephropathy was found to be increased, particularly in patients with urate nephropathy. In vitro study section, the level of exosomes, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis was increased in HK2 cells induced by urate. Additionally, the expression of lincRNA-p21, AIF-1, CMPK2, and NLRP3 was upregulated in exosomes and HK2 cells. Furthermore, manipulating the activity of lincRNA-p21, AIF-1, CMPK2, and NLRP3 through overexpression or interference vectors regulated the level of inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis in HK2 cells. In conclusion, the pathway of lincRNA-p21/AIF-1/CMPK2/NLRP3 contributed to inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis of human renal tubular epithelial cell induced by urate via exosomes. Additionally, the specific exosomes in urine might serve as novel biomarkers for urate nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianbing Hao
- Department of Nephrology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Xinyu Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojun Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kun Yuan
- Department of Nephrology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ruihong Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lirong Hao
- Department of Nephrology, Southern University of Science and Technology Hospital, Shenzhen, China.
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Wang X, Yang X, He W, Zhang S, Song X, Zhang J, Ma J, Chen L, Niu P, Chen T. Single-cell transcriptomics analysis of zebrafish brain reveals adverse effects of manganese on neurogenesis. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122908. [PMID: 37952916 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn) is considered as an important environmental risk factor for Parkinson's disease. Excessive exposure to Mn can damage various neural cells and affect the neurogenesis, resulting in neurological dysfunction. However, the specific mechanisms of Mn exposure affecting neurogenesis have not been well understood, including compositional changes and heterogeneity of various neural cells. Zebrafish have been successfully used as a neurotoxicity model due to its homology with mammals in several key regions of the brain, as well as its advantages such as small size. We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of zebrafish brains from normal and Mn-exposed groups. Our results suggested that low levels of Mn exposure activated neurogenesis in the zebrafish brain, including promoting the proliferation of neural progenitor cells and differentiation to newborn neurons and oligodendrocytes, while high levels of Mn exposure inhibited neurogenesis and neural function. Mn could affect neurogenesis through specific molecular pathways. In addition, Mn regulated intercellular communication and affected cellular communication in neural cells through specific signaling pathways. Taken together, our study elucidates the cellular composition of the zebrafish brain and adds to the understanding of the mechanisms involved in Mn-induced neurogenesis damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueting Wang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Weifeng He
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Shixuan Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Xin Song
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Junrou Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Junxiang Ma
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Piye Niu
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - Tian Chen
- Department of Occupational Health and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China.
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3
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Zhang N, Ji C, Bao X, Peng X, Tang M, Yuan C. Uncovering potential new biomarkers and immune infiltration characteristics in primary Sjögren's syndrome by integrated bioinformatics analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e35534. [PMID: 37832090 PMCID: PMC10578719 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000035534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is known as autoimmune disease characterized by damage to endocrine glands, such as the salivary and lacrimal glands. This study aimed to identify potential biomarkers for pSS using integrated bioinformatics analysis and explore the relationship between differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and immune infiltration. Three pSS datasets (GSE7451, GSE23117, and GSE40611) from the gene expression omnibus database were integrated. All the datasets were processed in R (version 4.0.3). A total of 16 immune cells and 13 immune functions were obtained. The top immune cell and immune function were "activated" dendritic cells and major histocompatibility complex class I. Correlation analysis showed the top correlation among 16 immune cells were B cells and tumor infiltrating lymphocytes, check-point and T cell co-stimulation, respectively. In comparisons of immune score, "activated" dendritic cells (.657 vs 594, P < .001), B cells (.492 vs 434, P = .004), macrophages (.631 vs 601, P = .010), inflammation-promoting (.545 vs 478, P < .001), Type I interferon Reponse (.728 vs 625, P < .001) and so on were higher in pSS than control group. In correlation analysis, the up-regulation of interferon induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 1 gene was strongly correlated with Type I interferon response with a correlation coefficient of .87. The receiver operating characteristic curve of 5 genes showed that the area under curve was.891. In the verification model, the area under curve was.881. In addition, disease ontology analysis supported the association between DEGs and pSS. In summary, pSS has a variety of DEGs in immune infiltration, which is worthy of the attention from clinicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naidan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peoples Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Chaixia Ji
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peoples Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Xiao Bao
- Department of Rheumatology, Peoples Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
| | - Xinyin Peng
- Chengdu University of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Maoju Tang
- North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Chengliang Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peoples Hospital of Deyang City, Deyang, China
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Sun ZL, You T, Zhang BH, Liu Y, Liu J. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes miR-202-5p inhibited pyroptosis to alleviate lung ischemic-reperfusion injury by targeting CMPK2. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2023; 39:688-698. [PMID: 37092308 DOI: 10.1002/kjm2.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosome (BMSC-exosome) is a potential candidate for lung ischemia-reperfusion injury (LIRI) treatment. This study aims to investigate the anti-pyroptosis effect of BMSC-exosomes in LIRI. The LIRI cell model was established by hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) treatment. Interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 levels were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Cell viability was assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release was examined using a LDH assay kit. The interaction between microRNA (miR)-202-5p and cytidine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2) was analyzed using dual-luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation. BMSC-exosomes promoted cell viability and suppressed pyroptosis in H/R-treated mouse lung epithelial. miR-202-5p was enriched in BMSC-exosomes, and exosomal miR-202-5p inhibition upregulated pyroptosis-associated proteins, including cleaved N-terminal Gasdermin D, nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor family member pyrin domain-containing protein 3, and Caspase1. Meanwhile, miR-202-5p suppressed CMPK2 expression by directly targeting CMPK2. Expectedly, CMPK2 knockdown reversed the promoting effect of exosomal miR-202-5p inhibition on pyroptosis in LIRI. Therefore, BMSC-derived exosome miR-202-5p repressed pyroptosis to inhibit LIRI progression by targeting CMPK2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Lu Sun
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Emergency Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting You
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Emergency Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bi-Hong Zhang
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Emergency Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Emergency Medicine, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Department of Rehabilitation, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan Province, People's Republic of China
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Zhu M, Lv J, Wang W, Guo R, Zhong C, Antia A, Zeng Q, Li J, Liu Q, Zhou J, Zhu X, Fan B, Ding S, Li B. CMPK2 is a host restriction factor that inhibits infection of multiple coronaviruses in a cell-intrinsic manner. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002039. [PMID: 36930652 PMCID: PMC10058120 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) comprise a group of important human and animal pathogens. Despite extensive research in the past 3 years, the host innate immune defense mechanisms against CoVs remain incompletely understood, limiting the development of effective antivirals and non-antibody-based therapeutics. Here, we performed an integrated transcriptomic analysis of porcine jejunal epithelial cells infected with porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and identified cytidine/uridine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2) as a potential host restriction factor. CMPK2 exhibited modest antiviral activity against PEDV infection in multiple cell types. CMPK2 transcription was regulated by interferon-dependent and interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1)-dependent pathways post-PEDV infection. We demonstrated that 3'-deoxy-3',4'-didehydro-cytidine triphosphate (ddhCTP) catalysis by Viperin, another interferon-stimulated protein, was essential for CMPK2's antiviral activity. Both the classical catalytic domain and the newly identified antiviral key domain of CMPK2 played crucial roles in this process. Together, CMPK2, viperin, and ddhCTP suppressed the replication of several other CoVs of different genera through inhibition of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase activities. Our results revealed a previously unknown function of CMPK2 as a restriction factor for CoVs, implying that CMPK2 might be an alternative target of interfering with the viral polymerase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingjun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jiahuang Lv
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- College of Animal Science, Tibet Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University College of Veterinary Medicine, Nyingchi, Tibet, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongli Guo
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunyan Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- Biological Engineering Department, Southwest Guizhou Vocational and Technical College for Nationalities, Xingyi, China
| | - Avan Antia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Qiru Zeng
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Jizong Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingtao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jinzhu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuejiao Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Baochao Fan
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Siyuan Ding
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biological Engineering and Technology Ministry of Agriculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences; Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Arumugam P, Chauhan M, Rajeev T, Chakraborty R, Bisht K, Madan M, Shankaran D, Ramalingam S, Gandotra S, Rao V. The mitochondrial gene-CMPK2 functions as a rheostat for macrophage homeostasis. Front Immunol 2022; 13:935710. [DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.935710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
In addition to their role in cellular energy production, mitochondria are increasingly recognized as regulators of the innate immune response of phagocytes. Here, we demonstrate that altering expression levels of the mitochondria-associated enzyme, cytidine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2), disrupts mitochondrial physiology and significantly deregulates the resting immune homeostasis of macrophages. Both CMPK2 silenced and constitutively overexpressing macrophage lines portray mitochondrial stress with marked depolarization of their membrane potential, enhanced reactive oxygen species (ROS), and disturbed architecture culminating in the enhanced expression of the pro-inflammatory genes IL1β, TNFα, and IL8. Interestingly, the long-term modulation of CMPK2 expression resulted in an increased glycolytic flux of macrophages akin to the altered physiological state of activated M1 macrophages. While infection-induced inflammation for restricting pathogens is regulated, our observation of a total dysregulation of basal inflammation by bidirectional alteration of CMPK2 expression only highlights the critical role of this gene in mitochondria-mediated control of inflammation.
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Shoorei H, Poornajaf Y, Hussen BM, Hajiesmaeili Y, Abak A, Taheri M, Eghbali A. NLRP3: Role in ischemia/reperfusion injuries. Front Immunol 2022; 13:926895. [PMID: 36238294 PMCID: PMC9552576 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.926895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
NLR family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) is expressed in immune cells, especially in dendritic cells and macrophages and acts as a constituent of the inflammasome. This protein acts as a pattern recognition receptor identifying pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In addition to recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns, it recognizes damage-associated molecular patterns. Triggering of NLRP3 inflammasome by molecules ATP released from injured cells results in the activation of the inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18. Abnormal activation of NLRP3 inflammasome has been demonstrated to stimulate inflammatory or metabolic diseases. Thus, NLRP3 is regarded as a proper target for decreasing activity of NLRP3 inflammasome. Recent studies have also shown abnormal activity of NLRP3 in ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injuries. In the current review, we have focused on the role of this protein in I/R injuries in the gastrointestinal, neurovascular and cardiovascular systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Clinical Research Development Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Yadollah Poornajaf
- Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Bashdar Mahmud Hussen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq
- Center of Research and Strategic Studies, Lebanese French University, Erbil, Iraq
| | | | - Atefe Abak
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Taheri, ; Ahmad Eghbali,
| | - Ahmad Eghbali
- Anesthesiology Research Center, Mofid Children Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Mohammad Taheri, ; Ahmad Eghbali,
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8
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Chen Y, Wu L, Shi M, Zeng D, Hu R, Wu X, Han S, He K, Xu H, Shao X, Ma R. Electroacupuncture Inhibits NLRP3 Activation by Regulating CMPK2 After Spinal Cord Injury. Front Immunol 2022; 13:788556. [PMID: 35401582 PMCID: PMC8987202 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.788556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the expression of cytosine monophosphate kinase 2 (CMPK2) and activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in rats with spinal cord injury (SCI) and to characterize the effects of electroacupuncture on CMPK2-associated regulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome. Methods An SCI model was established in Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. The expression levels of NLRP3 and CMPK2 were measured at different time points following induction of SCI. The rats were randomly divided into a sham group (Sham), a model group (Model), an electroacupuncture group (EA), an adeno-associated virus (AAV) CMPK2 group, and an AAV NC group. Electroacupuncture was performed at jiaji points on both sides of T9 and T11 for 20 min each day for 3 consecutive days. In the AAV CMPK2 and AAV NC groups, the viruses were injected into the T9 spinal cord via a microneedle using a microscope and a stereotactic syringe. The Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan (BBB) score was used to evaluate the motor function of rats in each group. Histopathological changes in spinal cord tissue were detected using H&E staining, and the expression levels of NLRP3, CMPK2, ASC, caspase-1, IL-18, and IL-1β were quantified using Western blotting (WB), immunofluorescence (IF), and RT-PCR. Results The expression levels of NLRP3 and CMPK2 in the spinal cords of the model group were significantly increased at day 1 compared with those in the sham group (p < 0.05). The expression levels of NLRP3 and CMPK2 decreased gradually over time and remained low at 14 days post-SCI. We successfully constructed AAV CMPK2 and showed that CMPK2 was significantly knocked down following 2 dilutions. Finally, treatment with EA or AAV CMPK2 resulted in significantly increased BBB scores compared to those in the model group and the AAV NC group (p < 0.05). The histomorphology of the spinal cord in the EA and AAV CMPK2 groups was significantly different than that in the model and AAV NC groups. WB, IF, and PCR analyses showed that the expression levels of CMPK2, NLRP3, ASC, caspase-1, IL-18, and IL-1β were significantly lower in the EA and AAV CMPK2 groups compared with those in the model and AAV NC groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our study showed that CMPK2 regulated NLRP3 expression in rats with SCI. Activation of NLRP3 is a critical mechanism of inflammasome activation and the inflammatory response following SCI. Electroacupuncture downregulated the expression of CMPK2 and inhibited activation of NLRP3, which could improve motor function in rats with SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Acupuncture, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengting Shi
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danyi Zeng
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rong Hu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xingying Wu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shijun Han
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Kelin He
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Acupuncture, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Haipeng Xu
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - XiaoMei Shao
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ruijie Ma
- Department of Neurobiology and Acupuncture Research, The Third School of Clinical Medicine (School of Rehabilitation Medicine), Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Acupuncture, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Ruijie Ma,
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