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Khan H, Bangar A, Grewal AK, Singh TG. Mechanistic Implications of GSK and CREB Crosstalk in Ischemia Injury. Neurotox Res 2023; 42:1. [PMID: 38091155 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-023-00680-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a damage to an organ when the blood supply is less than the demand required for normal functioning, leading to exacerbation of cellular dysfunction and death. IR injury occurs in different organs like the kidney, liver, heart, brain, etc., and may not only involve the ischemic organ but also cause systemic damage to distant organs. Oxygen-glucose deprivation in cells causes oxidative stress, calcium overloading, inflammation, and apoptosis. CREB is an essential integrator of the body's various physiological systems, and it is widely accepted that dysfunction of CREB signaling is involved in many diseases, including ischemia-reperfusion injury. The activation of CREB can provide life to a cell and increase the cell's survival after ischemia. Hence, GSK/CREB signaling pathway can provide significant protection to cells of different organs after ischemia and emerges as a futuristic strategy for managing ischemia-reperfusion injury. Different signaling pathways such as MAPK/ERK, TLR4/MyD88, RISK, Nrf2, and NF-κB, get altered during IR injury by the modulation of GSK-3 and CREB (cyclic AMP response element (CRE)-binding protein). GSK-3 (protein kinase B) and CREB are the downstream targets for fulfilling the roles of various signaling pathways. Calcium overloading during ischemia increases the expression of calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMK), which subsequently activates CREB-mediated transcription, thus promoting the survival of cells. Furthermore, this review highlights the crosstalk between GSK-3 and CREB, promoting survival and rendering the cells resistant to subsequent severe ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heena Khan
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
| | - Annu Bangar
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140401, India
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Hu C, Wang Y, Huang W, Xia Y. E prostanoid receptor-3 promotes oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced human aortic smooth muscle cells inflammation. ESC Heart Fail 2023; 10:1077-1089. [PMID: 36578105 PMCID: PMC10053191 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The progression of atherosclerosis can lead to the occurrence of multiple cardiovascular diseases (coronary heart disease, etc.). E prostanoid receptor-3 (EP3) is known to participate in the progression of atherosclerosis. This study aimed to investigate the mechanism by which EP3 modulates the development of atherosclerosis. METHODS AND RESULTS ApoE-/- mice were used to construct in vivo model of atherosclerosis. Human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) were stimulated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) to construct in vitro model of atherosclerosis. mRNA expressions were assessed by qRT-PCR, and western blot was applied to assess the protein levels. CCK-8 assay was applied to assess the cell viability. The inflammatory cytokines levels were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry was applied to assess cell apoptosis. In vivo experiment was constructed to investigate the impact of EP3 in atherosclerosis development. L-798106 (EP3 inhibitor) significantly inhibited the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in atherosclerosis in vivo. EP3 inhibitor (L-798106) significantly reversed ox-LDL-caused HASMCs injury via inhibiting the apoptosis and inflammatory responses (P < 0.05). The levels of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in HASMCs were elevated by ox-LDL, whereas L-798106 or knockdown of cyclic AMP (cAMP) response element-binding protein (CREB) notably restored this phenomenon (P < 0.05). EP3 overexpression further aggravated ox-LDL-induced inflammation in HASMCs, and EP3 up-regulated the levels of IL-17 and ICAM-1 in ox-LDL-treated HASMCs (P < 0.05). EP3 up-regulation promoted the inflammatory responses in ox-LDL-treated HASMCs through mediation of cAMP/protein kinase A (PKA)/CREB/IL-17/ICAM-1 axis (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS EP3 inhibitor alleviates ox-LDL-induced HASMC inflammation via mediation of cAMP/PKA/CREB/IL-17/ICAM-1 axis. Our study might shed new lights on discovering novel strategies against atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang‐Jia Hu
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina
- Laboratory of Molecular CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina
- Laboratory of Medical Molecular ImagingFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Yan‐Wei Wang
- Department of CardiologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Wei‐Xing Huang
- Department of Cardiac SurgeryFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdong ProvinceChina
| | - Yu‐Bin Xia
- Department of NephrologyFirst Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeNo. 57, Changping RdShantou515000Guangdong ProvinceChina
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Implications of microglial heterogeneity in spinal cord injury progression and therapy. Exp Neurol 2023; 359:114239. [PMID: 36216123 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS), where they aid in the maintenance of neuronal function and perform key auxiliary roles in phagocytosis, neural repair, immunological control, and nutrition delivery. Microglia in the undamaged spinal cord is in a stable state and serve as immune monitors. In the event of spinal cord injury (SCI), severe changes in the microenvironment and glial scar formation lead to axonal regeneration failure. Microglia participates in a series of pathophysiological processes and behave both positive and negative consequences during this period. A deep understanding of the characteristics and functions of microglia can better identify therapeutic targets for SCI. Technological innovations such as single-cell RNA sequencing (Sc-RNAseq) have led to new advances in the study of microglia heterogeneity throughout the lifespan. Here,We review the updated studies searching for heterogeneity of microglia from the developmental and pathological state, survey the activity and function of microglia in SCI and explore the recent therapeutic strategies targeting microglia in the CNS injury.
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Wen S, Zou ZR, Cheng S, Guo H, Hu HS, Zeng FZ, Mei XF. Ginsenoside Rb1 improves energy metabolism after spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2022; 18:1332-1338. [PMID: 36453420 PMCID: PMC9838172 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.357915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial damage caused by oxidative stress and energy deficiency induced by focal ischemia and hypoxia are important factors that aggravate diseases. Studies have shown that ginsenoside Rb1 has neurotrophic and neuroprotective effects. However, whether it influences energy metabolism after spinal cord injury remains unclear. In this study, we treated mouse and cell models of spinal cord injury with ginsenoside Rb1. We found that ginsenoside Rb1 remarkably inhibited neuronal oxidative stress, protected mitochondria, promoted neuronal metabolic reprogramming, increased glycolytic activity and ATP production, and promoted the survival of motor neurons in the anterior horn and the recovery of motor function in the hind limb. Because sirtuin 3 regulates glycolysis and oxidative stress, mouse and cell models of spinal cord injury were treated with the sirtuin 3 inhibitor 3-TYP. When Sirt3 expression was suppressed, we found that the therapeutic effects of ginsenoside Rb1 on spinal cord injury were remarkably inhibited. Therefore, ginsenoside Rb1 is considered a potential drug for the treatment of spinal cord injury, and its therapeutic effects are closely related to sirtuin 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Wen
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China,Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhi-Ru Zou
- Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China,Pharmacy School, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Shuai Cheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China,Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China,Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Heng-Shuo Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China,Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Fan-Zhuo Zeng
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China,Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xi-Fan Mei
- Department of Orthopedics, Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China,Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Engineering of Liaoning Province, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning Province, China,Correspondence to: Xi-Fan Mei, .
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Wan MX, Huang XJ, Li X, Suan J, Xu L. Integrating network pharmacology and experimental verification to explore the mechanism of puerarin against oliguria in acute alcoholism. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1006660. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1006660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate the pharmacological mechanisms of puerarin against oliguria in acute alcoholism via network pharmacology analysis combined with experimental verification.Methods: First, this study established an acute alcoholism rat model, compared the changes in urine volume in each group, and observed the therapeutic effect of puerarin by H&E staining, biochemical, RT-qPCR, and immunohistochemical analyses. Second, puerarin-related targets were searched in TCMS, PubChem, CNKI, Wanfang, PubMed, and GeenMedical Academic databases. Also, potential disease targets were obtained from the GeneCards, MalaCards, and NCBI-gene databases and genes with puerarin target gene intersections were screened out. The interaction network for co-predicted targets was obtained using the STRING database, and the core targets were imported into Cytoscape for visualization using DAVID Bioinformatics Resources 6.8. The essential genes were subjected to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Gene Ontology (GO) pathway enrichment analyses to predict related biological processes and significant signaling pathways. Finally, molecular docking was used to examine the interaction of puerarin with key targets, and the core targets were validated further by RT-qPCR and Western blotting.Results: Compared to the model group, the urine volume of the rats was significantly increased after puerarin treatment, and the levels of anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) and aquaporin 2 (AQP2) expression were decreased. Searching the intersection of puerarin and acute alcoholism targets yielded 214 potential targets, 837 biological processes, and 185 signaling pathways involved. The molecular docking results indicated a good affinity between puerarin and key targets (cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), protein kinase A (PKA), cAMP-response element-binding protein (CREB), and c-Fos). RT-qPCR and Western blotting further verified that puerarin could down-regulate the expression of cAMP/PKA/CREB/c-Fos.Conclusion: This study identified the potential targets of puerarin against oliguria in rats with acute alcoholism using network pharmacology and animal experiments. The mechanism may be closely related to the cAMP signaling pathway.
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Sapuleni J, Szymanska M, Meidan R. Diverse actions of sirtuin-1 on ovulatory genes and cell death pathways in human granulosa cells. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2022; 20:104. [PMID: 35840944 PMCID: PMC9284863 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-022-00970-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human granulosa-lutein cells (hGLCs) amply express sirtuin-1 (SIRT1), a NAD + -dependent deacetylase that is associated with various cellular functions. SIRT1 was shown to elevate cAMP on its own and additively with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), it is therefore interesting to examine if SIRT1 affects other essential hGLC functions. METHODS Primary hGLCs, obtained from the follicular aspirates of women undergoing IVF and SV40-transfected, immortalized hGLCs (SVOG cells), were used. Primary cells were treated with SIRT1 specific activator SRT2104, as well as hCG or their combination. Additionally, siRNA-targeting SIRT1 construct was used to silence endogenous SIRT1 in SVOG cells. PTGS2, EREG, VEGFA and FGF2 expression was determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Apoptotic and necroptotic proteins were determined by specific antibodies in western blotting. Cell viability/apoptosis was determined by the XTT and flow cytometry analyses. Data were analyzed using student t-test or Mann-Whitney U test or one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD post hoc test. RESULTS In primary and immortalized hGLCs, SRT2104 significantly upregulated key ovulatory and angiogenic genes: PTGS2, EREG, FGF2 and VEGFA, these effects tended to be further augmented in the presence of hCG. Additionally, SRT2104 dose and time-dependently decreased viable cell numbers. Flow cytometry of Annexin V stained cells confirmed that SIRT1 reduced live cell numbers and increased late apoptotic and necrotic cells. Moreover, we found that SIRT1 markedly reduced anti-apoptotic BCL-XL and MCL1 protein levels and increased cleaved forms of pro-apoptotic proteins caspase-3 and PARP. SIRT1 also significantly induced necroptotic proteins RIPK1 and MLKL. RIPK1 inhibitor, necrostatin-1 mitigated SIRT1 actions on RIPK1 and MLKL but also on cleaved caspase-3 and PARP and in accordance on live and apoptotic cells, implying a role for RIPK1 in SIRT1-induced cell death. SIRT1 silencing produced inverse effects on sorted cell populations, anti-apoptotic, pro-apoptotic and necroptotic proteins, corroborating SIRT1 activation. CONCLUSIONS These findings reveal that in hGLCs, SIRT1 enhances the expression of ovulatory and angiogenic genes while eventually advancing cell death pathways. Interestingly, these seemingly contradictory events may have occurred in a cAMP-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jackson Sapuleni
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 761001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Magdalena Szymanska
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 761001, Rehovot, Israel
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Tuwima 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Rina Meidan
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 761001, Rehovot, Israel.
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Zhu J, Song G, Zhou X, Han TL, Yu X, Chen H, Mansell T, Novakovic B, Baker PN, Cannon RD, Saffery R, Chen C, Zhang H. CD39/CD73 Dysregulation of Adenosine Metabolism Increases Decidual Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity: Implications in Unexplained Recurrent Spontaneous Abortion. Front Immunol 2022; 13:813218. [PMID: 35222389 PMCID: PMC8866181 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.813218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA) is believed to be associated with impaired immunosuppression at the maternal-fetal interface, but the detailed molecular mechanism remains unclear. The ATP-adenosine metabolic pathway regulated by CD39/CD73 has recently been recognized to be important in immunosuppression. This study aimed to investigate the regulation of decidual natural killer (dNK) cells and fetal extravillous trophoblast (EVT) cells by CD39 and CD73 in URSA, as well as the possible regulatory mechanism of CD39/CD73 via the TGF-β-mTOR-HIF-1α pathway using clinical samples and cell models. Fewer CD39+ and CD73+ cells were found in the URSA decidual and villous tissue, respectively. Inhibition of CD39 on dNK cells transformed the cells to an activated state with increased toxicity and decreased apoptosis, and changed their cytokine secretion, leading to impaired invasion and proliferation of the co-cultured HTR8/SVneo cells. Similarly, inhibition of CD73 on HTR8/SVneo cells decreased the adenosine concentration in the cell culture media, increased the proportion of CD107a+ dNK cells, and decreased the invasion and proliferation capabilities of the HTR8/SVneo cells. In addition, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) triggered phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Smad2/Smad3, which subsequently activated hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) to induce the CD73 expression on the HTR8/SVneo cells. In summary, reduced numbers of CD39+ and CD73+ cells at the maternal-fetal interface, which may be due to downregulated TGF-β-mTOR-HIF-1α pathway, results in reduced ATP-adenosine metabolism and increased dNK cytotoxicity, and potentially contributes to URSA occurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangmin Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ting-Li Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinyang Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,The Chongqing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Major Metabolic Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Toby Mansell
- Molecular Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Boris Novakovic
- Molecular Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Philip N Baker
- College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
| | - Richard D Cannon
- Department of Oral Sciences, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Richard Saffery
- Molecular Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute and Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Chang Chen
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Canada-China-New Zealand Joint Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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