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Pergaris A, Levidou G, Mandrakis G, Christodoulou MI, Karamouzis MV, Klijanienko J, Theocharis S. The Impact of DAXX, HJURP and CENPA Expression in Uveal Melanoma Carcinogenesis and Associations with Clinicopathological Parameters. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1772. [PMID: 39200236 PMCID: PMC11351862 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2024] [Revised: 07/31/2024] [Accepted: 08/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanomas (UMs) represent rare malignant tumors associated with grim prognosis for the majority of patients. DAXX (Death Domain-Associated Protein), HJURP (Holliday Junction Recognition Protein) and CENPA (Centromere Protein A) proteins are implicated in epigenetic mechanisms, now in the spotlight of cancer research to better understand the molecular background of tumorigenesis. Herein, we investigated their expression in UM tissues using immunohistochemistry and explored possible correlations with a multitude of clinicopathological and survival parameters. The Cancer Genome Atlas Program (TCGA) was used for the investigation of their mRNA levels in UM cases. Nuclear DAXX expression correlated with an advanced T-stage (p = 0.004), while cytoplasmic expression marginally with decreased disease-free survival (DFS) (p = 0.084). HJURP nuclear positivity also correlated with advanced T-status (p = 0.054), chromosome 3 loss (p = 0.042) and increased tumor size (p = 0.03). More importantly, both nuclear and cytoplasmic HJURP immunopositivity correlated with decreased overall survival (OS) (p = 0.011 and 0.072, respectively) and worse DFS (p = 0.071 and 0.019, respectively). Lastly, nuclear CENPA overexpression was correlated with presence of irido-corneal angle involvement (p = 0.015) and loss of chromosome 3 (p = 0.041). Nuclear and cytoplasmic CENPA immunopositivity associated with decreased OS (p = 0.028) and DFS (p = 0.018), respectively. HJURP and CENPA mRNA overexpression exhibited strong association with tumor epithelioid histology and was linked to worse prognosis. Our results show the compounding role of DAXX, HJURP and CENPA in UM carcinogenesis, designating them as potential biomarkers for assessing prognosis and possible targets for novel therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Pergaris
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Georgia Levidou
- Department of Pathology, Paracelsus Medical University, 90419 Nuremberg, Germany;
| | - Georgios Mandrakis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (G.M.)
| | - Maria-Ioanna Christodoulou
- Tumor Immunology and Biomarkers Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center, Department of Life Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia 2404, Cyprus;
| | - Michail V. Karamouzis
- Molecular Oncology Unit, Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece;
| | | | - Stamatios Theocharis
- First Department of Pathology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (A.P.); (G.M.)
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2
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Kulbay M, Marcotte E, Remtulla R, Lau THA, Paez-Escamilla M, Wu KY, Burnier MN. Uveal Melanoma: Comprehensive Review of Its Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Future Perspectives. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1758. [PMID: 39200222 PMCID: PMC11352094 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12081758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular malignancy in adults. Recent advances highlight the role of tumor-derived extracellular vesicles (TEV) and circulating hybrid cells (CHC) in UM tumorigenesis. Bridged with liquid biopsies, a novel technology that has shown incredible performance in detecting cancer cells or products derived from tumors in bodily fluids, it can significantly impact disease management and outcome. The aim of this comprehensive literature review is to provide a summary of current knowledge and ongoing advances in posterior UM pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. The first section of the manuscript discusses the complex and intricate role of TEVs and CHCs. The second part of this review delves into the epidemiology, etiology and risk factors, clinical presentation, and prognosis of UM. Third, current diagnostic methods, ensued by novel diagnostic tools for the early detection of UM, such as liquid biopsies and artificial intelligence-based technologies, are of paramount importance in this review. The fundamental principles, limits, and challenges associated with these diagnostic tools, as well as their potential as a tracker for disease progression, are discussed. Finally, a summary of current treatment modalities is provided, followed by an overview of ongoing preclinical and clinical research studies to provide further insights on potential biomolecular pathway alterations and therapeutic targets for the management of UM. This review is thus an important resource for all healthcare professionals, clinicians, and researchers working in the field of ocular oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Kulbay
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada; (M.K.); (R.R.); (T.H.A.L.); (M.P.-E.)
| | - Emily Marcotte
- McGill University Ocular Pathology and Translational Research Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Raheem Remtulla
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada; (M.K.); (R.R.); (T.H.A.L.); (M.P.-E.)
| | - Tsz Hin Alexander Lau
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada; (M.K.); (R.R.); (T.H.A.L.); (M.P.-E.)
| | - Manuel Paez-Escamilla
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada; (M.K.); (R.R.); (T.H.A.L.); (M.P.-E.)
| | - Kevin Y. Wu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada;
| | - Miguel N. Burnier
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3S5, Canada; (M.K.); (R.R.); (T.H.A.L.); (M.P.-E.)
- McGill University Ocular Pathology and Translational Research Laboratory, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada;
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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3
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Verbeek S, Dalvin LA. Advances in multimodal imaging for diagnosis of pigmented ocular fundus lesions. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2024; 59:218-233. [PMID: 37480939 PMCID: PMC10796850 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2023.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Pigmented ocular fundus lesions can range from benign to malignant. While observation is reasonable for asymptomatic benign lesions, early recognition of tumours that are vision or life threatening is critical for long-term prognosis. With recent advances and increased accessibility of multimodal imaging, it is important that providers understand how to best use these tools to detect tumours that require early referral to subspecialty centres. This review aims to provide an overview of pigmented ocular fundus lesions and their defining characteristics using multimodal imaging. We cover the spectrum of pigmented ocular fundus lesions, including freckle and focal aggregates of normal or near-normal uveal melanocytes, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) hyperplasia, congenital hypertrophy of the RPE, RPE hamartoma associated with familial adenomatous polyposis, congenital simple hamartoma of the RPE, combined hamartoma of the retina and RPE (congenital hypertrophy of the RPE), choroidal nevus, melanocytosis, melanocytoma, melanoma, adenoma, and RPE adenocarcinoma. We describe key diagnostic features using multimodal imaging modalities of ultra-widefield fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence, optical coherence tomography (OCT), enhanced-depth imaging OCT, ultrasonography, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, and OCT angiography (OCTA), with particular attention to diagnostic features that could be missed on fundus examination alone. Finally, we review what is on the horizon, including applications of artificial intelligence. Through skilled application of current and emerging imaging technologies, earlier detection of sight- and life-threatening melanocytic ocular fundus tumours can lead to improved patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Verbeek
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
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4
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Liu Y, Rokohl AC, Guo Y, Yao K, Fan W, Heindl LM. Personalized treatment approaches in intraocular cancer. ADVANCES IN OPHTHALMOLOGY PRACTICE AND RESEARCH 2024; 4:112-119. [PMID: 38846623 PMCID: PMC11154118 DOI: 10.1016/j.aopr.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Background Intraocular malignant tumors represent a severe disease that threatens vision as well as life. To better extend the life of the patient, preserve visual function, and maintain ocular aesthetics, selecting the appropriate timing and methods of treatment becomes crucial. Main text With the continuous advancement of medical technology, the techniques and methods for treating intraocular malignant tumors are constantly evolving. While surgery was once considered the optimal method to prolong patient survival and prevent local recurrence, the discovery and application of various treatments such as radiotherapy, laser therapy, chemotherapy, cryotherapy, and monoclonal antibodies have led to a greater diversity of treatment options. This diversity offers more possibilities to develop personalized treatment plans, and thereby maximize patient benefit. This article reviews the various treatment methods for intraocular malignant tumors, including indications for treatment, outcomes, and potential complications. Conclusions Differentiating small intraocular malignant tumors from pigmented lesions is challenging, and ongoing monitoring with regular follow-up is required. Small to medium-sized tumors can be treated with radiotherapy combined with transpupillary thermotherapy. Depending on the tumor's distance from the optic disc, surgery with partial resection may be considered for distant tumors, while proximal tumors may require complete enucleation. Systemic chemotherapy has been widely applied to patients with retinal tumors, lymphomas, and intraocular metastatic cancers, but has limited efficacy in patients with choroidal melanoma. Antagonists of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Anti-VEGF) drugs can improve patient vision and quality of life, while the efficacy of immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy is still under research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander C. Rokohl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yongwei Guo
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Yao
- Eye Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wanlin Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ludwig M. Heindl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Integrated Oncology (CIO), Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, Cologne, Germany
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5
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Bustamante P, Coblentz J, Mastromonaco C, Youhnovska E, Ito H, Proença RP, Fonseca C, Dickinson K, Marcotte E, MacDonald M, Toledo-Dias AB, Bergeron S, Goyeneche A, Schmidt Andujar RA, Tsering T, Laskaris A, Jin E, Nadeau A, Porraccio T, Burnier MN, Burnier JV. Comprehensive clinical imaging, histopathological analysis and liquid biopsy-based surveillance of human uveal melanoma in a prolonged rabbit xenograft model. Melanoma Res 2024; 34:285-295. [PMID: 38847739 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma is the most common intraocular tumor in adults. Our group has previously developed a human uveal melanoma animal model; however, adverse effects caused by the immunosuppressive agent, cyclosporine A, prevented animals from surviving more than 12 weeks. In this study, we tested multiple cyclosporine A doses over an extended disease course up to 20 weeks, providing complete clinical imaging of intraocular tumors, histopathological analysis and liquid biopsy biomarker analysis. Twenty albino rabbits were divided into four groups with different daily cyclosporine A schedules (0-10 mg/kg) and inoculated with human uveal melanoma cell lines, 92.1 or MP41, into the suprachoroidal space. Rabbits were monitored with fundoscopy, ultrasound and optical coherence tomography. Intraocular tumors (macroscopic or microscopic) were detected in all study animals. Tumor size and growth were correlated to cyclosporine A dose, with tumors regressing when cyclosporine A was arrested. All tumors expressed HMB-45 and MelanA; however, tumor size, pigmentation and cell morphology differed in 92.1 vs. MP41 tumors. Finally, across all groups, circulating tumor DNA from plasma and aqueous humor was detected earlier than tumor detection by imaging and correlated to tumor growth. In conclusion, using three clinically relevant imaging modalities (fundoscopy, ultrasonography and optical coherence tomography) and liquid biopsy, we were successfully able to monitor tumor progression in our rabbit xenograft model of human uveal melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prisca Bustamante
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre
- McGill University Ocular Pathology and Translational Research Laboratory, McGill University
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Coblentz
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre
- McGill University Ocular Pathology and Translational Research Laboratory, McGill University
| | - Christina Mastromonaco
- McGill University Ocular Pathology and Translational Research Laboratory, McGill University
| | - Emma Youhnovska
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre
| | - Hiroaki Ito
- McGill University Ocular Pathology and Translational Research Laboratory, McGill University
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kyoto University Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Rita Pinto Proença
- McGill University Ocular Pathology and Translational Research Laboratory, McGill University
- Coimbra University Hospital Center, Coimbra
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Lisbon, Lisbon
- Hospital CUF Cascais, Cascais, Portugal
| | - Cristina Fonseca
- McGill University Ocular Pathology and Translational Research Laboratory, McGill University
- Coimbra University Hospital Center, Coimbra
| | - Kyle Dickinson
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre
| | - Emily Marcotte
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre
- McGill University Ocular Pathology and Translational Research Laboratory, McGill University
| | - Myriam MacDonald
- McGill University Ocular Pathology and Translational Research Laboratory, McGill University
| | | | - Sabrina Bergeron
- McGill University Ocular Pathology and Translational Research Laboratory, McGill University
| | - Alicia Goyeneche
- McGill University Ocular Pathology and Translational Research Laboratory, McGill University
| | | | - Thupten Tsering
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Alexander Laskaris
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Eva Jin
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Amélie Nadeau
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Tiffany Porraccio
- McGill University Ocular Pathology and Translational Research Laboratory, McGill University
| | - Miguel N Burnier
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre
- McGill University Ocular Pathology and Translational Research Laboratory, McGill University
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Julia V Burnier
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre
- Department of Pathology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
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6
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Wu KY, Gao A, Giunta M, Tran SD. What's New in Ocular Drug Delivery: Advances in Suprachoroidal Injection since 2023. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:1007. [PMID: 39204112 PMCID: PMC11357265 DOI: 10.3390/ph17081007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advancements in ocular drug delivery, challenges persist in treating posterior segment diseases like macular edema (ME) and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Suprachoroidal (SC) injections are a promising new method for targeted drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye, providing direct access to the choroid and retina while minimizing systemic exposure and side effects. This review examines the anatomical and physiological foundations of the SC space; evaluates delivery devices such as microcatheters, hypodermic needles, and microneedles; and discusses pharmacokinetic principles. Additionally, advancements in gene delivery through SC injections are explored, emphasizing their potential to transform ocular disease management. This review also highlights clinical applications in treating macular edema, diabetic macular edema, age-related macular degeneration, choroidal melanoma, and glaucoma. Overall, SC injections are emerging as a promising novel route for administering ophthalmic treatments, with high bioavailability, reduced systemic exposure, and favorable safety profiles. Key therapeutic agents such as triamcinolone acetonide, dexamethasone, AAV-based gene therapy, and axitinib have shown promise. The field of suprachoroidal injection is progressing rapidly, and this review article, while attempting to encapsulate most of the published preclinical and clinical studies, mainly focuses on those that are published within 2023 and 2024.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Y. Wu
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada; (K.Y.W.)
| | - Angel Gao
- Faculty of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Michel Giunta
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1G 2E8, Canada; (K.Y.W.)
| | - Simon D. Tran
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Oral Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3A 1G1, Canada
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7
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Beigi YZ, Lanjanian H, Fayazi R, Salimi M, Hoseyni BHM, Noroozizadeh MH, Masoudi-Nejad A. Heterogeneity and molecular landscape of melanoma: implications for targeted therapy. MOLECULAR BIOMEDICINE 2024; 5:17. [PMID: 38724687 PMCID: PMC11082128 DOI: 10.1186/s43556-024-00182-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Uveal cancer (UM) offers a complex molecular landscape characterized by substantial heterogeneity, both on the genetic and epigenetic levels. This heterogeneity plays a critical position in shaping the behavior and response to therapy for this uncommon ocular malignancy. Targeted treatments with gene-specific therapeutic molecules may prove useful in overcoming radiation resistance, however, the diverse molecular makeups of UM call for a patient-specific approach in therapy procedures. We need to understand the intricate molecular landscape of UM to develop targeted treatments customized to each patient's specific genetic mutations. One of the promising approaches is using liquid biopsies, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), for detecting and monitoring the disease at the early stages. These non-invasive methods can help us identify the most effective treatment strategies for each patient. Single-cellular is a brand-new analysis platform that gives treasured insights into diagnosis, prognosis, and remedy. The incorporation of this data with known clinical and genomics information will give a better understanding of the complicated molecular mechanisms that UM diseases exploit. In this review, we focused on the heterogeneity and molecular panorama of UM, and to achieve this goal, the authors conducted an exhaustive literature evaluation spanning 1998 to 2023, using keywords like "uveal melanoma, "heterogeneity". "Targeted therapies"," "CTCs," and "single-cellular analysis".
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Zohrab Beigi
- Laboratory of System Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Lanjanian
- Software Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Istanbul Topkapi University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reyhane Fayazi
- Laboratory of System Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdieh Salimi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (NIGEB), Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Haji Molla Hoseyni
- Laboratory of System Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Ali Masoudi-Nejad
- Laboratory of System Biology and Bioinformatics (LBB), Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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8
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Loda A, Semeraro F, Parolini S, Ronca R, Rezzola S. Cancer stem-like cells in uveal melanoma: novel insights and therapeutic implications. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189104. [PMID: 38701937 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2024.189104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary ocular tumor in the adult population. Even though these primary tumors are successfully treated in 90% of cases, almost 50% of patients ultimately develop metastasis, mainly in the liver, via hematological dissemination, with a median survival spanning from 6 to 12 months after diagnosis. In this context, chemotherapy regimens and molecular targeted therapies have demonstrated poor response rates and failed to improve survival. Among the multiple reasons for therapy failure, the presence of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs) represents the main cause of resistance to anticancer therapies. In the last few years, the existence of CSCs in UM has been demonstrated both in preclinical and clinical studies, and new molecular pathways and mechanisms have been described for this subpopulation of UM cells. Here, we will discuss the state of the art of CSC biology and their potential exploitation as therapeutic target in UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Loda
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesco Semeraro
- Eye Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Silvia Parolini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; National Center for Gene Therapy and Drugs based on RNA Technology - CN3, Padova, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie (CIB), Italy
| | - Roberto Ronca
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy; Consorzio Interuniversitario per le Biotecnologie (CIB), Italy
| | - Sara Rezzola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
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Lupidi M, Centini C, Castellucci G, Nicolai M, Lassandro N, Cagini C, Rizzo C, Chhablani J, Mariotti C. New insights on circumscribed choroidal hemangioma: "bench to bedside". Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 262:1093-1110. [PMID: 37505277 PMCID: PMC10995022 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06179-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Circumscribed choroidal hemangioma is a rare vascular hamartoma of the choroid, presenting as a red-orange mass at the posterior pole on fundoscopic examination. Despite its benign origin, associated complications such as subretinal fluid, serous retinal detachment, retinoschisis and neovascular glaucoma may lead to serious visual impairment in more than half patients. Because of its similarity to amelanotic choroidal melanoma and choroidal metastasis, differential diagnosis is still challenging for specialists. Multimodal imaging such as ultrasonography, fluorescein angiography, indocyanine green angiography, optical coherence tomography, and optical coherence tomography angiography guides the clinician to the correct diagnosis and the proper follow-up. Treatment is indicated in symptomatic cases in order to resolve exudation and improve visual acuity. Treatment options include photocoagulation, transpupillary thermotherapy, radiation therapy, photodynamic therapy and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy. Currently, photodynamic therapy is the treatment of choice due to its effectiveness and safety. The purpose of this review is to describe the latest knowledge in the etiopathogenesis of the circumscribed choroidal hemangioma, the most recent multimodal imaging findings, and the available treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Lupidi
- Eye Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy.
- Fondazione Per La Macula Onlus, Dipartimento Di Neuroscienze, Riabilitazione, OftalmologiaGenetica e Scienze Materno-Infantili (DINOGMI), University Eye Clinic, Genoa, Italy.
| | - Chiara Centini
- Eye Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Greta Castellucci
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, S. Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Michele Nicolai
- Eye Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nicola Lassandro
- Eye Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
| | - Carlo Cagini
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, S. Maria Della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy
| | - Clara Rizzo
- Ophthalmic Unit, Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine, and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Jay Chhablani
- Department of Ophthalmology, UPMC Eye Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Cesare Mariotti
- Eye Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona, Italy
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10
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Sreenivasa S, Wösle M, Gager Y, Vordermark D, Grajewski L, Krause L, Ciernik IF. Impact of tumour volume and treatment delay on the outcome after linear accelerator-based fractionated stereotactic radiosurgery of uveal melanoma. Br J Ophthalmol 2024; 108:457-464. [PMID: 36894300 PMCID: PMC10894830 DOI: 10.1136/bjo-2022-322750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Primary radiation therapy is used to treat malignant uveal melanoma (UM). We report our single-centre experience with fractionated radiosurgery (fSRS) with a linear accelerator (LINAC) after specific adaptation for small target volumes with HybridArc. METHODS From October 2014 to January 2020, 101 patients referred to Dessau City Hospital with unilateral UM underwent fSRS with 50 Gy given in five fractions on five consecutive days. Primary endpoints were local tumour control, globe preservation, metastasis and death. Potential prognostic features were analysed. Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox proportional hazards model and linear models were used for calculations. RESULTS The median baseline tumour diameter was 10.0 mm (range, 3.0-20.0 mm), median tumour thickness 5.0 mm (range, 0.9-15.5 mm) and median gross tumour volume (GTV) 0.4 cm³ (range, 0.2-2.6 cm³). After a median follow-up of 32.0 months (range, 2.5-76.0 months), 7 patients (6.9%) underwent enucleation: 4 (4.0%) due to local recurrence and 3 (3.0%) due to radiation toxicities, and 6 patients (5.9%) revealed tumour persistence with a GTV exceeding 1.0 cm³. Of 20 patients (19.8%) who died, 8 (7.9%) were tumour-related deaths. Twelve patients (11.9%) suffered from distant metastasis. GTV showed an impact on all endpoints, and treatment delay was associated with reduced odds of eye preservation. CONCLUSION LINAC-based fSRS with static conformal beams combined with dynamic conformal arcs and discrete intensity-modulated radiotherapy results in a high tumour control rate. The tumour volume is the most robust physical prognostic marker for local control and disease progression. Avoiding treatment delay improves outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanthala Sreenivasa
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - Markus Wösle
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - Yann Gager
- Department of Research and Development, PathoNext GmbH, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Luise Grajewski
- Department of Ophthalmology, Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - Lothar Krause
- Department of Ophthalmology, Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany
| | - I Frank Ciernik
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Städtisches Klinikum Dessau, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Dessau, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Martin Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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11
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van den Bosch QCC, de Klein A, Verdijk RM, Kiliç E, Brosens E. Uveal melanoma modeling in mice and zebrafish. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2024; 1879:189055. [PMID: 38104908 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.189055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive research and refined therapeutic options, the survival for metastasized uveal melanoma (UM) patients has not improved significantly. UM, a malignant tumor originating from melanocytes in the uveal tract, can be asymptomatic and small tumors may be detected only during routine ophthalmic exams; making early detection and treatment difficult. UM is the result of a number of characteristic somatic alterations which are associated with prognosis. Although UM morphology and biology have been extensively studied, there are significant gaps in our understanding of the early stages of UM tumor evolution and effective treatment to prevent metastatic disease remain elusive. A better understanding of the mechanisms that enable UM cells to thrive and successfully metastasize is crucial to improve treatment efficacy and survival rates. For more than forty years, animal models have been used to investigate the biology of UM. This has led to a number of essential mechanisms and pathways involved in UM aetiology. These models have also been used to evaluate the effectiveness of various drugs and treatment protocols. Here, we provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms and pharmacological studies using mouse and zebrafish UM models. Finally, we highlight promising therapeutics and discuss future considerations using UM models such as optimal inoculation sites, use of BAP1mut-cell lines and the rise of zebrafish models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quincy C C van den Bosch
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies de Klein
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert M Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, Section of Ophthalmic Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Emine Kiliç
- Department of Ophthalmology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Erwin Brosens
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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12
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Wróblewska-Zierhoffer M, Paprzycka B, Kubiak A, Tomczyk Ł, Rospond-Kubiak I. Additional primary malignancies in a Polish cohort of uveal melanoma patients: a review of 644 patients with long-term follow-up. BMC Ophthalmol 2023; 23:506. [PMID: 38087265 PMCID: PMC10717148 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-023-03246-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To investigate the frequency and location of additional primary malignancies in a Polish cohort of uveal melanoma (UM) patients registered in a single centre database. MATERIAL AND METHOD Retrospective data analysis of patients treated for uveal melanoma at the Department of Ophthalmology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poland between 1991 and 2017. Data on the diagnosis of the additional malignancies were obtained during the follow-up visits in our Department and/or from the Greater Poland Cancer Registry. The exclusion criteria comprised no confirmed follow-up or incomplete clinical entry data. RESULTS Among 644 UM patients registered in the database up to 2017, the additional malignancy was diagnosed in 126 (20%) patients: 71 men, 55 women at the median age of 67 years (range: 34-94). In 48 patients (38%), the additional malignancy occurred prior to the diagnosis of UM, in 73 (58%) patients - after it. The most common locations of second cancer were skin (20 cases / 15%), breast (17 cases / 13%) and lungs (15 cases / 12%). The median follow-up was 36 months (range: 3-242). 87 patients (69%) died by the study close, 32 (37%) of them due to metastatic disease from uveal melanoma, 41 (47%) due to another cancer. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of additional primary malignancies was higher in our cohort than reported by most of other groups. If there is a certain predisposition to a specific type of additional primary carcinoma in UM patients, the analysis of larger database is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Wróblewska-Zierhoffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland
- Polyclinic of Plastic and Ophthalmic Surgery, Kobylniki, Poland
| | - Barbara Paprzycka
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poznań District Hospital, Poznań, Poland
| | - Anna Kubiak
- Greater Poland Cancer Registry, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznań, Poland
| | - Łukasz Tomczyk
- Department of Food Safety and Quality Management, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznań, Poland
| | - Iwona Rospond-Kubiak
- Department of Ophthalmology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Poznań, Poland.
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13
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Zameer U, Shaikh W, Choudhary A. Letter re: Uveal melanoma metastasis to the liver: Unveiling effective strategies with HEPZATO KIT. Rare Tumors 2023; 15:20363613231218172. [PMID: 38023657 PMCID: PMC10664426 DOI: 10.1177/20363613231218172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ushna Zameer
- Department of MBBS, Karachi Medical And Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Wajiha Shaikh
- Department of MBBS, Karachi Medical And Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Anood Choudhary
- Department of MBBS, Karachi Medical And Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan
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14
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Pokawattana N, Prasert W, Silpa-archa S. Coexistence of choroidal melanoma and rhegmatogenous retinal detachment: a case report and literature review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2023; 85:5709-5715. [PMID: 37915714 PMCID: PMC10617836 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000001301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction and importance The simultaneous occurrence of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) and choroidal melanoma is extremely rare, and diagnosis of choroidal melanoma in RRD patients is challenging. As a result, choroidal masses in RRD patients tend to be overlooked, resulting in delayed treatment. The authors report a rare case presenting with simultaneous choroidal melanoma and RRD, and the authors review the related literature. Case presentation A 45-year-old Thai man who presented with inferior RRD and choroidal elevation in the left eye was examined using fundoscopy and ultrasonography. The presumptive diagnosis was simultaneous RRD and haemorrhagic choroidal detachment (CD). Vitrectomy and external drainage were attempted but were unsuccessful in draining fluid from the presumed haemorrhagic CD. Although the retina was reattached, the choroidal elevation remained unchanged. After being lost to follow-up, the patient returned later with severe proptosis in the left eye. MRI findings suggested a presumptive diagnosis including choroidal melanoma and choroidal metastasis, which choroidal melanoma was later confirmed through histopathological examination after exenteration. Clinical discussion Important clinical clues were provided for distinguishing between choroidal melanoma and haemorrhagic CD in cases of coexisting RRD. Conclusions In the differential diagnosis of RRD with suspicious choroidal elevation, the possibility of the presence of choroidal melanoma should be considered. In particular, in cases where haemorrhagic CD fails to drain during surgery, the possibility of underlying choroidal melanoma should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nattapol Pokawattana
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Rajavithi Hospital, College of Medicine, Rangsit University
| | - Wiwat Prasert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Rajavithi Hospital, College of Medicine, Rangsit University
- Department of Ophthalmology, HRH Princess Maha Chakri Siridhorn Medical Center (MSMC), Faculty of Medicine, Srinakarinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sukhum Silpa-archa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Rajavithi Hospital, College of Medicine, Rangsit University
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15
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Li K, Sun L, Wang Y, Cen Y, Zhao J, Liao Q, Wu W, Sun J, Zhou M. Single-cell characterization of macrophages in uveal melanoma uncovers transcriptionally heterogeneous subsets conferring poor prognosis and aggressive behavior. Exp Mol Med 2023; 55:2433-2444. [PMID: 37907747 PMCID: PMC10689813 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-023-01115-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most frequent primary intraocular malignancy with high metastatic potential and poor prognosis. Macrophages represent one of the most abundant infiltrating immune cells with diverse functions in cancers. However, the cellular heterogeneity and functional diversity of macrophages in UM remain largely unexplored. In this study, we analyzed 63,264 single-cell transcriptomes from 11 UM patients and identified four transcriptionally distinct macrophage subsets (termed MΦ-C1 to MΦ-C4). Among them, we found that MΦ-C4 exhibited relatively low expression of both M1 and M2 signature genes, loss of inflammatory pathways and antigen presentation, instead demonstrating enhanced signaling for proliferation, mitochondrial functions and metabolism. We quantified the infiltration abundance of MΦ-C4 from single-cell and bulk transcriptomes across five cohorts and found that increased MΦ-C4 infiltration was relevant to aggressive behaviors and may serve as an independent prognostic indicator for poor outcomes. We propose a novel subtyping scheme based on macrophages by integrating the transcriptional signatures of MΦ-C4 and machine learning to stratify patients into MΦ-C4-enriched or MΦ-C4-depleted subtypes. These two subtypes showed significantly different clinical outcomes and were validated through bulk RNA sequencing and immunofluorescence assays in both public multicenter cohorts and our in-house cohort. Following further translational investigation, our findings highlight a potential therapeutic strategy of targeting macrophage subsets to control metastatic disease and consistently improve the outcome of patients with UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lanfang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yanan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yixin Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jingting Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qianling Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China
| | - Wencan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Jie Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China.
| | - Meng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China.
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, 325027, Wenzhou, China.
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16
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Brănişteanu DE, Porumb-Andrese E, Porumb V, Stărică A, Moraru AD, Nicolescu AC, Zemba M, Brănişteanu CI, Brănişteanu G, Brănişteanu DC. New Treatment Horizons in Uveal and Cutaneous Melanoma. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1666. [PMID: 37629523 PMCID: PMC10455832 DOI: 10.3390/life13081666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma is a complex and heterogeneous malignant tumor with distinct genetic characteristics and therapeutic challenges in both cutaneous melanoma (CM) and uveal melanoma (UM). This review explores the underlying molecular features and genetic alterations in these melanoma subtypes, highlighting the importance of employing specific model systems tailored to their unique profiles for the development of targeted therapies. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in unraveling the molecular and genetic characteristics of CM and UM, leading to notable advancements in treatment options. Genetic mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway drive CM, while UM is characterized by mutations in genes like GNAQ, GNA11, BAP1, EIF1AX, and SF3B1. Chromosomal aberrations, including monosomy 3 in UM and monosomy 10 in CM, play significant roles in tumorigenesis. Immune cell infiltration differs between CM and UM, impacting prognosis. Therapeutic advancements targeting these genetic alterations, including oncolytic viruses and immunotherapies, have shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies. Oncolytic viruses selectively infect malignant cells, inducing oncolysis and activating antitumor immune responses. Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) is an FDA-approved oncolytic virus for CM treatment, and other oncolytic viruses, such as coxsackieviruses and HF-10, are being investigated. Furthermore, combining oncolytic viruses with immunotherapies, such as CAR-T cell therapy, holds great potential. Understanding the intrinsic molecular features of melanoma and their role in shaping novel therapeutic approaches provides insights into targeted interventions and paves the way for more effective treatments for CM and UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daciana Elena Brănişteanu
- Department of Medical Specialties (III)-Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Railway Clinical Hospital, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Elena Porumb-Andrese
- Department of Medical Specialties (III)-Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Railway Clinical Hospital, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Vlad Porumb
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Military Emergency Clinical Hospital “Dr. Iacob Czihac”, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Andreea Dana Moraru
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | | | - Mihail Zemba
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021 Bucharest, Romania;
| | | | - George Brănişteanu
- “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (C.I.B.); (G.B.)
| | - Daniel Constantin Brănişteanu
- Railway Clinical Hospital, 700506 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
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17
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Mukhana L, Aissa AA, Ahmed AAM, Saakyan SV, Tsygankov AY, Blagonravov ML, Azova MM. Association of BARD1 and BRIP1 Gene Polymorphisms with the Risk of Uveal Melanoma. Bull Exp Biol Med 2023; 175:399-403. [PMID: 37561379 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-023-05875-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Considering the limited information about the role of hereditary predisposition to the development of uveal melanoma, we have performed an analysis of the frequencies of BARD1 (rs1048108, rs2229571, rs2070094) and BRIP1 (rs4986764) gene polymorphisms in patients with uveal melanoma and benign choroidal nevus in comparison with healthy volunteers (control). It has been found that the minor alleles of BRIP1 rs4986764 and BARD1 rs2070094 polymorphisms, as well as the homozygosity of T allele at the BARD1 rs1048108 locus are common genetic markers for the predisposition to uveal melanoma and benign choroidal nevus, while the homozygous genotype GG for the BARD1 rs2229571 polymorphism is a specific marker for the predisposition to uveal melanoma and progressive choroidal nevus. We have also found that the heterozygous genotype at BARD1 rs1048108 polymorphic locus is a specific marker for protection against uveal melanoma and progressive choroidal nevus. Thus, our results indicate the advisability of studying polymorphisms of the BARD1 gene (rs1048108, rs2229571, and rs2070094) and the BRIP1 gene (rs4986764) in patients with uveal melanoma and progressive choroidal nevus. The obtained findings can be used for forming risk groups, prevention of uveal melanoma, and differential diagnosis of intraocular neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Mukhana
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - A Ait Aissa
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - A A M Ahmed
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Saakyan
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - A Yu Tsygankov
- Helmholtz National Medical Research Center of Eye Diseases, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
- A. I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - M L Blagonravov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
| | - M M Azova
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia
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18
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Ionita I, Malita D, Dehelean C, Olteanu E, Marcovici I, Geamantan A, Chiriac S, Roman A, Radu D. Experimental Models for Rare Melanoma Research-The Niche That Needs to Be Addressed. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:673. [PMID: 37370604 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10060673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanoma, the tumor arising from the malignant transformation of pigment-producing cells-the melanocytes-represents one of the most severe cancer types. Despite their rarity compared to cutaneous melanoma, the extracutaneous subtypes such as uveal melanoma (UM), acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM), and mucosal melanoma (MM) stand out due to their increased aggressiveness and mortality rate, demanding continuous research to elucidate their specific pathological features and develop efficient therapies. Driven by the emerging progresses made in the preclinical modeling of melanoma, the current paper covers the most relevant in vitro, in vivo, and in ovo systems, providing a deeper understanding of these rare melanoma subtypes. However, the preclinical models for UM, ALM, and MM that were developed so far remain scarce, and none of them is able to completely simulate the complexity that is characteristic to these melanomas; thus, a continuous expansion of the existing library of experimental models is pivotal for driving advancements in this research field. An overview of the applicability of precision medicine in the management of rare melanoma subtypes is also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Ionita
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniel Malita
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Cristina Dehelean
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Emilian Olteanu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Center for Research and Innovation in Personalized Medicine of Respiratory Diseases, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Iasmina Marcovici
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andreea Geamantan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
- Research Center for Pharmaco-Toxicological Evaluations, Faculty of Pharmacy, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Sorin Chiriac
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Andrea Roman
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
| | - Daniela Radu
- Faculty of Medicine, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Eftimie Murgu Square No. 2, 300041 Timisoara, Romania
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19
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Jaarsma-Coes MG, Klaassen L, Marinkovic M, Luyten GPM, Vu THK, Ferreira TA, Beenakker JWM. Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Clinical Care for Uveal Melanoma Patients-A Systematic Review from an Ophthalmic Perspective. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15112995. [PMID: 37296958 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Conversely to most tumour types, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was rarely used for eye tumours. As recent technical advances have increased ocular MRI's diagnostic value, various clinical applications have been proposed. This systematic review provides an overview of the current status of MRI in the clinical care of uveal melanoma (UM) patients, the most common eye tumour in adults. In total, 158 articles were included. Two- and three-dimensional anatomical scans and functional scans, which assess the tumour micro-biology, can be obtained in routine clinical setting. The radiological characteristics of the most common intra-ocular masses have been described extensively, enabling MRI to contribute to diagnoses. Additionally, MRI's ability to non-invasively probe the tissue's biological properties enables early detection of therapy response and potentially differentiates between high- and low-risk UM. MRI-based tumour dimensions are generally in agreement with conventional ultrasound (median absolute difference 0.5 mm), but MRI is considered more accurate in a subgroup of anteriorly located tumours. Although multiple studies propose that MRI's 3D tumour visualisation can improve therapy planning, an evaluation of its clinical benefit is lacking. In conclusion, MRI is a complementary imaging modality for UM of which the clinical benefit has been shown by multiple studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myriam G Jaarsma-Coes
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Klaassen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Marina Marinkovic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gregorius P M Luyten
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - T H Khanh Vu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Teresa A Ferreira
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Willem M Beenakker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
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Brănișteanu DE, Porumb-Andrese E, Stărică A, Munteanu AC, Toader MP, Zemba M, Porumb V, Cozmin M, Moraru AD, Nicolescu AC, Brănișteanu DC. Differences and Similarities in Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Cutaneous and Uveal Melanoma. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050943. [PMID: 37241175 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Both cutaneous melanoma (CM) and uveal melanoma (UM) represent important causes of morbidity and mortality. In this review, we evaluate the available knowledge on the differences and similarities between cutaneous melanoma and uveal melanoma, focusing on the epidemiological aspects and risk factors. Uveal melanoma is a rare condition but is the most prevalent primary intra-ocular malignant tumor in adults. Cutaneous melanoma, on the other hand, is significantly more common. While the frequency of cutaneous melanoma has increased in the last decades worldwide, the incidence of uveal melanoma has remained stable. Although both tumors arise from melanocytes, they are very distinct entities biologically, with complex and varied etiologies. Both conditions are encountered more frequently by individuals with a fair phenotype. ultraviolet-radiation is an important, well-documented risk factor for the development of CM, but has shown not to be of specific risk in UM. Although cutaneous and ocular melanomas seem to be inherited independently, there are reported cases of concomitant primary tumors in the same patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daciana Elena Brănișteanu
- Dermatology Department, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Railway Clinical Hospital, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Porumb-Andrese
- Dermatology Department, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Railway Clinical Hospital, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alexandra Stărică
- Dermatology Department, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Railway Clinical Hospital, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Catalina Munteanu
- Dermatology Department, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
- Railway Clinical Hospital, 700506 Iasi, Romania
| | | | - Mihail Zemba
- Ophthalmology Department, 'Carol Davila' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Vlad Porumb
- Department Surgery, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mihai Cozmin
- Clinical Department, Apollonia University of Iasi, 700511 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andreea Dana Moraru
- Ophthalmology Department, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Alin Codruț Nicolescu
- Roma Medical Center for Diagnosis and Treatment, 011773 Bucharest, Romania
- "Agrippa Ionescu" Emergency Clinical Hospital, 011773 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Daniel Constantin Brănișteanu
- Railway Clinical Hospital, 700506 Iasi, Romania
- Ophthalmology Department, 'Grigore T. Popa' University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Kumar N, Singh MK, Singh L, Lomi N, Meel R, Pushker N, Sen S, Kashyap S. Diagnostic utility of immunohistochemistry in concordance with mRNA analysis of PRAME in the stratification of high-risk uveal melanoma patients. Hum Cell 2023; 36:342-352. [PMID: 36282437 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-022-00808-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Existing clinical indicators for metastatic risk classification and patient treatment of uveal melanoma (UM) in the Asian population are limited. Preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) has gained attention in the prognosis of cancers and considered as a potential biomarker in many tumors including UM. Therefore, this study investigated the expression of PRAME and its association with loss of nuclear BAP1 (nBAP1) as well as its correlation with clinicopathological parameters and patient outcome. Immunohistochemical expression of PRAME and BAP1 proteins were assessed in 66 prospective cases of UM. mRNA expression level was measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the correlation of protein expression with clinicopathological parameters, metastasis-free survival and overall survival. Nuclear PRAME (nPRAME) expression and loss of nBAP1 were observed in 24 and 62% cases, respectively. PRAME mRNA expression level was found to be upregulated in 64% (7/11) of metastatic patients. mRNA and immunoexpression of nPRAME were statistically significant with many clinicopathological high-risk factors. On univariate and multivariate analyses, high mitotic activity, extraocular invasion and presence of nPRAME expression were statistically significant (p < 0.05). On Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, patients expressing PRAME had significantly reduced metastasis-free survival (MFS) and overall survival (OS). MFS and OS were also reduced in patients expressing PRAME along with loss of nBAP1. Our data show that nPRAME expression, in combination with loss of nBAP1, could be a useful predictive biomarker in the therapeutic management of UM patients at high risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Kumar
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Lata Singh
- Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
| | - Neiwete Lomi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Rachna Meel
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Neelam Pushker
- Department of Ophthalmology, Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Sen
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Seema Kashyap
- Department of Ocular Pathology, Dr. R. P. Centre for Ophthalmic Sciences, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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Wang K, Luo Q, Zhang Y, Xie X, Cheng W, Yao Q, Chen Y, Ren H, Li J, Pan Z. LINC01296 promotes proliferation of cutaneous malignant melanoma by regulating miR-324-3p/MAPK1 axis. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 15:2877-2890. [PMID: 36462499 PMCID: PMC10188354 DOI: 10.18632/aging.204413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the functions and potential molecular mechanism of LINC01296 regarding the progression of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) by the regulation of miR-324-3p/MAPK1 axis. METHODS The candidate differential lncRNAs of CMM were selected from GEPIA database, and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was utilized to assess the expression level of LINC01296 in human CMM tissues and cell lines. Cell proliferation assay, Colony formation assay, Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EDU) assay in vitro and tumorigenicity assays in nude mice in vivo were performed to examine the functions of LINC01296. Bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assay and rescue experiments were also gained an insight into the underlying mechanisms of LINC01296 in CMM cell lines by miR-324-3p/MAPK1 axis. RESULTS In this study, the up-regulation of LINC01296 was found in CMM tissues and cell lines. Functionally, the over-expression of LINC01296 promoted the proliferation in CMM cell lines. In addition, immunochemistry analysis confirmed that the levels of MAPK1 and Ki-67 in sh-LINC01296-xenografted tumors was weaker than that in sh-NC-xenografted tumors. Then, bioinformatics analysis confirmed that LINC01296 interacted with miR-324-3p. Further investigations showed that MAPK1, which collected from the potential related genes of LINC01296, was the conjugated mRNA of miR-324-3p by luciferase reporter assay. Finally, the rescue experiments suggested the positive regulatory association among LINC01296 and MAPK1, which showed that MAPK1 could reverse the promoting-effect of LINC01296 in CMM cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, our findings provided insight into the mechanisms of LINC01296 via miR-324-3p/MAPK1 axis in CMM, and revealed an alternative target for the diagnosis and treatment of CMM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Gaoyou People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225600, China
| | - Qing Luo
- Department of Dermatology, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222002, China
| | - Yingfeng Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Gaoyou People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225600, China
| | - Xin Xie
- Department of General Surgery, Gaoyou People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225600, China
| | - Wenhao Cheng
- Department of Dermatology, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222002, China
| | - Qiunan Yao
- Department of Dermatology, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222002, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of General Medicine, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222002, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department of Dermatology, The First People’s Hospital of Lianyungang, Lianyungang Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Lianyungang 222002, China
| | - Jiuping Li
- Department of General Surgery, Gaoyou People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225600, China
| | - Zuanqin Pan
- Department of General Surgery, Gaoyou People’s Hospital, Yangzhou 225600, China
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Sundaramurthi H, Giricz Z, Kennedy BN. Evaluation of the Therapeutic Potential of Histone Deacetylase 6 Inhibitors for Primary and Metastatic Uveal Melanoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169378. [PMID: 36012642 PMCID: PMC9409113 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with metastatic uveal melanoma (MUM) have a poor survival prognosis. Unfortunately for this rare disease, there is no known cure and suitable therapeutic options are limited. HDAC6 inhibitors (HDAC6i) are currently in clinical trials for other cancers and show potential beneficial effects against tumor cell survival in vitro and in vivo. In MUM cells, HDAC6i show an anti-proliferative effect in vitro and in preclinical xenograft models. The use of HDAC6 inhibitors as a treatment option for MUM should be explored further. Therefore, this review discusses (1) what is known about HDAC6i in MUM and (2) whether HDAC6 inhibitors offer a potential therapeutic option for MUM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Husvinee Sundaramurthi
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Medicine, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Zoltán Giricz
- Pharmahungary Group, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Breandán N. Kennedy
- UCD Conway Institute, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, University College Dublin, D04 V1W8 Dublin, Ireland
- Correspondence:
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Wang T, Bai J, Zhang Y, Xue Y, Peng Q. N6-Methyladenosine regulator RBM15B acts as an independent prognostic biomarker and its clinical significance in uveal melanoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:918522. [PMID: 36003405 PMCID: PMC9393712 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.918522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most frequent intraocular malignant tumor in adults. N6-Methyladenosine (m6A) methylation is recognized as the most critical epigenetic change and is implicated in the development of many malignancies. However, its prognostic value in UM is poorly understood. RNA-seq and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) help us better understand the relationship between m6A regulators and UM patients. Herein, four UM groups established by consensus clustering were shown to have different immune cell infiltrations and prognostic survival. Five m6A regulators, including RBM15B, IGF2BP1, IGF2BP2, YTHDF3, and YTHDF1, were associated with the prognosis of UM patients. Intriguingly, RBM15B was confirmed to be the only independent prognostic factor for UM and it was significantly correlated with clinicopathologic characteristics of UM. Notably, RBM15B expression was significantly negatively correlated with immune checkpoints. Furthermore, LINC00665/hsa-let-7b-5p/RBM15B axis and LINC00638/hsa-miR-103a-3p/RBM15B axis were found to be potential prognostic biomarkers in UM. In a nutshell, this work, through bioinformatics analysis, systematically described the gene signatures and prognostic values of m6A regulators. RBM15B is an independent protective prognostic factor, which may help us better understand the crosstalk within UM.
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Importance of Optical Coherence Tomography and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in the Imaging and Differentiation of Choroidal Melanoma: A Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14143354. [PMID: 35884415 PMCID: PMC9316780 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14143354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Choroidal melanoma is a highly malignant intraocular neoplasm. It is the most prevalent intraocular tumor in adults and it derives from melanocytes; the liver is the most common site of its metastases. An early and noninvasive diagnosis is essential to enhance patients’ chances for early treatment. The OCT and OCTA-A are a noninvasive and noncontact methods used in the diagnostic process and support therapeutic decisions during control visits. These devices allow for detection and the real-time imaging of choroidal melanoma and its differentiation from metastasis and choroidal nevi. In addition to analyzing the currently utilized OCT and OCT-A methods, this review describes also the anatomy and imaging of specific vascular layers of the eye. Abstract Choroidal melanoma requires reliable and precise clinical examination and diagnosis to differentiate it from benign choroidal nevi. To achieve accurate diagnosis, as well as monitoring the progression of disease, various imaging modalities are used, including non-invasive optical coherence tomography (OCT) and optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). This review begins with a historical account of the development of OCT and OCTA and the methods of generation of images. This outlines the understanding of what OCT/OCTA images show, as well as how image artifacts arise. The anatomy and imaging of specific vascular layers of the eye are introduced. Then, anatomical aspects of choroidal melanoma, its diagnosis and differentiation from metastasis, and choroidal nevi are presented. The purpose of this review is to critically evaluate application of OCT and OCTA in the diagnosis of choroidal melanoma.
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Farhoumand LS, Fiorentzis M, Kraemer MM, Sak A, Stuschke M, Rassaf T, Hendgen-Cotta U, Bechrakis NE, Berchner-Pfannschmidt U. The Adrenergic Receptor Antagonist Carvedilol Elicits Anti-Tumor Responses in Uveal Melanoma 3D Tumor Spheroids and May Serve as Co-Adjuvant Therapy with Radiation. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14133097. [PMID: 35804869 PMCID: PMC9264933 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14133097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular tumor in adults. Despite local tumor control, no effective therapy has been found to prevent metastasis, resulting in a high mortality rate. In the present study, we evaluated the anti-tumor potential of non-selective ß-blockers in 3D tumor spheroids grown from UM cell lines. Of the various ß-blockers tested, carvedilol and its enantiomers were most potent in decreasing the viability of Mel270 spheroids. Carvedilol at a concentration of 10–50 µM significantly elicited cytotoxicity and induced apoptosis in spheroid cells. In result, carvedilol inhibited tumor spheroid growth and compactness, and furthermore prevented the long-term survival and repopulation of spreading spheroid cells. The drug sensitivity of the different spheroids grown from Mel270, 92-1, UPMD2, or UPMM3 cell lines was dependent on 3D morphology rather than on high-risk cytogenetic profile or adrenergic receptor expression levels. In fact, the monosomy-3-containing UPMM3 cell line was most responsive to carvedilol treatment compared to the other cell lines. The concurrent treatment of UPMM3 spheroids with carvedilol and 5 or 10 Gy irradiation revealed additive cytotoxic effects that provided tumor control. Collectively, our data demonstrate the anti-tumor properties of carvedilol and its enantiomers, which may serve as candidates for the co-adjuvant therapy of UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina S. Farhoumand
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (L.S.F.); (M.F.); (M.M.K.); (N.E.B.)
| | - Miltiadis Fiorentzis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (L.S.F.); (M.F.); (M.M.K.); (N.E.B.)
| | - Miriam M. Kraemer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (L.S.F.); (M.F.); (M.M.K.); (N.E.B.)
| | - Ali Sak
- Department of Radiotherapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Martin Stuschke
- Department of Radiotherapy, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (A.S.); (M.S.)
| | - Tienush Rassaf
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (T.R.); (U.H.-C.)
| | - Ulrike Hendgen-Cotta
- Department of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine, West German Heart and Vascular Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (T.R.); (U.H.-C.)
| | - Nikolaos E. Bechrakis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (L.S.F.); (M.F.); (M.M.K.); (N.E.B.)
| | - Utta Berchner-Pfannschmidt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany; (L.S.F.); (M.F.); (M.M.K.); (N.E.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-201-723-6028
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Ma X, Yu S, Zhao B, Bai W, Cui Y, Ni J, Lyu Q, Zhao J. Development and Validation of a Novel Ferroptosis-Related LncRNA Signature for Predicting Prognosis and the Immune Landscape Features in Uveal Melanoma. Front Immunol 2022; 13:922315. [PMID: 35774794 PMCID: PMC9238413 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.922315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ferroptosis is a newly iron-dependent mode of programmed cell death that is involved in a variety of malignancies. But no research has shown a link between ferroptosis-related long non-coding RNAs (FRLs) and uveal melanoma (UM). We aimed to develop a predictive model for UM and explore its potential function in relation to immune cell infiltration. Methods Identification of FRLs was performed using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and FerrDb databases. To develop a prognostic FRLs signature, univariate Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) were used in training cohort. Kaplan-Meier (K-M) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to assess the reliability of the risk model. The immunological functions of FRLs signature were determined using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Immunological cell infiltration and immune treatment were studied using the ESTIMATE, CIBERSORT, and ssGSEA algorithms. Finally, in vitro assays were carried out to confirm the biological roles of FRLs with known primer sequences (LINC00963, PPP1R14B.AS1, and ZNF667.AS1). Results A five-genes novel FRLs signature was identified. The mean risk score generated by this signature was used to create two risk groups. The high-risk score UM patients had a lower overall survival rate. The area under the curve (AUC) of ROC and K-M analysis further validated the strong prediction capacity of the prognostic signature. Immune cells such as memory CD8 T cells, M1 macrophages, monocytes, and B cells showed a substantial difference between the two groups. GSEA enrichment results showed that the FRLs signature was linked to certain immune pathways. Moreover, UM patients with high-risk scores were highly susceptible to several chemotherapy drugs, such as cisplatin, imatinib, bortezomib, and pazopanib. Finally, the experimental validation confirmed that knockdown of three identified lncRNA (LINC00963, PPP1R14B.AS1, and ZNF667.AS1) suppressed the invasive ability of tumor cells in vitro. Conclusion The five-FRLs (AC104129.1, AC136475.3, LINC00963, PPP1R14B.AS1, and ZNF667.AS1) signature has effects on clinical survival prediction and selection of immunotherapies for UM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochen Ma
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Sejie Yu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Biomedical Research Institute, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Bai
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yubo Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinglan Ni
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qinghua Lyu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Qinghua Lyu, ; Jun Zhao,
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University & The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Qinghua Lyu, ; Jun Zhao,
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Prasuhn M, Freitag JC, Lüken S, Kakkassery V, Merz H, Caliebe A, Spielmann M, Ranjbar M, Rommel F. Case Report: GNAQ- and SF3B1 Mutations in an Aggressive Case of Relapsing Uveal Ring Melanoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:873252. [PMID: 35692773 PMCID: PMC9175007 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.873252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms for uveal ring melanoma are still unclear until today. In this case report, we describe a patient with a malignant uveal melanoma with exudative retinal detachment that had been treated with plaque brachytherapy, resulting in successful tumor regression. After 1 year, a ring-shaped recurrence with extraocular extension appeared, and the eye required enucleation. Histological and molecular genetic analyses revealed an epithelioid-cell-type melanoma with complete circumferential involvement of the ciliary body and, so far, unreported GNAQ and SF3B1 mutations in ring melanoma. Therefore, this report gives new genetic background information on this ocular tumor usually leading to enucleation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Prasuhn
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Josephine Christin Freitag
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Sabine Lüken
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Vinodh Kakkassery
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hartmut Merz
- Hämatopathologie Lübeck, Reference Centre for Lymph Node Pathology andHematopathology, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Almuth Caliebe
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Malte Spielmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital of Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Mahdy Ranjbar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Felix Rommel
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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Zhou WD, Shao L, Dong L, Zhang RH, Li YF, Li HY, Wu HT, Shi XH, Wei WB. Circulating MicroRNAs as Quantitative Biomarkers for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Uveal Melanoma. Front Oncol 2022; 12:854253. [PMID: 35433428 PMCID: PMC9008737 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.854253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
For uveal melanoma (UM) patients, it is significant to establish diagnosis and prognosis evaluation systems through imaging techniques. However, imaging examinations are short of quantitative biomarkers and it is difficult to finish early diagnosis of UM. In order to discover new molecular biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of UM, six circulating miRNAs (mir-132-3p, mir-21-5p, mir-34a-5p, mir-126-3p, mir-199a-3p, mir-214-3p) were chosen as candidates for independent validation. Validation of these miRNAs was performed in a cohort of 20 patients, including 10 spindle-shaped melanoma and 10 epithelioid cell melanoma, and 10 healthy donors. Then 5 patients with metastatic UM were included to validate the performance of miRNAs in advanced UM. Serum levels of miRNAs were determined using quantitative real-time PCR. We confirmed significantly higher levels of three miRNAs in serum of UM patients in comparison to healthy controls, and miR-199a-3p had the best performance (p < 0.0001; AUC = 0.985). MiR-214-3p and miR-21-5p were significantly upregulated in serum of epithelioid cell melanoma patients compared to spindle-shaped melanoma patients and miR-132-3p and, conversely, were significantly downregulated in serum of epithelioid cell melanoma patients. MiR-21-5p shows their best performance (p < 0.0001; AUC = 0.980). Both miR-199a-3p and miR-21-5p showed great performance in advanced UM. Significantly higher levels of miR-21-5p (p < 0.001) were found in serum of metastatic UM patients compared to patients with localized spindle-shaped melanoma, and significantly higher levels of miR-199a-3p (p < 0.001) were detected in serum of metastatic UM patients compared to healthy controls. Our preliminary data indicate promising diagnostic utility of circulating miR-199a-3p and promising prognostic utility of circulating miR-21-5p in both early and advanced UM patients.
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Clinical Outcomes after Surgical Resection Combined with Brachytherapy for Uveal Melanomas. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11061616. [PMID: 35329942 PMCID: PMC8956023 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11061616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, brachytherapy is the most commonly used therapeutic approach for uveal melanomas. Surgical resection by means of endoresection or exoresection is an alternative approach. The present report recounts our experience over 15 years in the treatment of uveal melanoma using a combined approach of resection surgery with brachytherapy. This is a single-center observational retrospective cohort study in which we describe clinical outcomes, complications and survival in 35 cases of melanoma of the iris or the ciliary body after a combination of surgery and brachytherapy or brachytherapy alone. Local treatment of the tumor was successful in all cases with surgery and brachytherapy. The most frequent complications were scleromalacia, bullous keratopathy, retinal toxicity, cataracts, hypotonia, and photophobia. There were three cases of recurrence, all of which were found in the group of patients who had received brachytherapy alone, and in one case we had to perform a secondary enucleation due to tumor growth after brachytherapy. At present, only one patient has died during follow-up due to liver metastases six years after the start of treatment. In carefully selected patients, this approach can be effective and safe, as long as a close follow-up is carried out after surgery.
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