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Ye J, Huang X, Qin W, Liang P, Zhao J, Ye Y, Ji H, Peng X, Liang Y, Cai Y. Paired Box 5 (PAX5) Gene Has Diagnostic and Prognostic Potential in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma. Int J Gen Med 2024; 17:487-501. [PMID: 38348125 PMCID: PMC10860600 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s442835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose Paired Box 5 (PAX5) is a transcription factor that is widely associated with carcinogenesis. PAX5 can maintain Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) latency in B cells, while a close association exists between EBV infection and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). However, there are very few reports on the correlation between PAX5 and NPC development. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PAX5 in NPC. Patients and Methods The clinical value and prognostic significance of PAX5 in NPC and the association with PAX5 expression and immune cell infiltration were analyzed by multiple GEO datasets. In vivo and in vitro experiments including real-time PCR, Western blot, CCK-8 assay, and methylation sequencing were used to validate the results of bioinformatics analysis. Results The expression of PAX5 was significantly reduced in NPC tissues, with the low expression being correlated with advanced clinical stage, low tumor mutation burden and immune activation, high relative expression of EBV, poor survival for NPC patients. PAX5 exhibited excellent diagnostic performance and had potential as a predictive factor for response to the immune checkpoint inhibitors therapy. Enrichment analysis suggested that the low expression of PAX5 was associated with the dysregulation of Hippo and Wnt signaling pathways. The promoter of PAX5 gene was hypermethylated in NPC tissues. Furthermore, the in vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that NPC tissue and cell lines had low mRNA expression levels of PAX5, the PAX5 promoter was hypermethylated in NPC cell lines, and PAX5 overexpression inhibited NPC cell proliferation and tumor growth in nude mice. Conclusion PAX5 may be a tumor suppressor and serve as a novel potential diagnostic and prognostic marker for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiemei Ye
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoying Huang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiling Qin
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pan Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yinxin Ye
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huojin Ji
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xinyun Peng
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yushan Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Early Prevention and Treatment for Regional High Frequency Tumor, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yonglin Cai
- Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Molecular Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Wuzhou Red Cross Hospital, Wuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wuzhou Cancer Center, Wuzhou, Guangxi, People’s Republic of China
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Muntean C, Chirtes C, Baczoni B, Banescu C. PAX2 Gene Mutation in Pediatric Renal Disorders-A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12737. [PMID: 37628926 PMCID: PMC10454596 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The PAX2 gene is a transcription factor that is essential for the development of the urinary system among other transcription factors. The role of PAX2 is highlighted from the seventh week of gestation, when it is involved in development processes and the emergence of nephrons and collecting tubes. Being an important factor in renal development, mutations of this gene can produce severe alterations in the development of the urinary tract, namely congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract. The first reported cases described with the PAX2 mutation included both renal anomalies and the involvement of other organs, such as the eyes, producing renal coloboma syndrome. Over the years, numerous cases have been reported, including those with only renal and urinary tract anomalies. The aim of this review is to present a summary of pediatric patients described to have mutations in the PAX2 gene to contribute to a better understanding of the genetic mechanism causing anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract. In this review, we have included only pediatric cases with renal and urinary tract disorders, without the involvement of other organs. From what we know so far from the literature, this is the first review gathering pediatric patients presenting the PAX2 mutation who have been diagnosed exclusively with renal and urinary tract disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Muntean
- Department of Pediatrics I, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania;
| | - Camelia Chirtes
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Genetics, Emergency County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (C.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Balazs Baczoni
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Genetics, Emergency County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (C.C.); (B.B.)
| | - Claudia Banescu
- Laboratory of Genetics, Department of Genetics, Emergency County Hospital, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania; (C.C.); (B.B.)
- Center for Advanced Medical and Pharmaceutical Research, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Targu Mures, 540142 Targu Mures, Romania
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Recouvreux MS, Miao J, Gozo MC, Wu J, Walts AE, Karlan BY, Orsulic S. FOXC2 Promotes Vasculogenic Mimicry in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4851. [PMID: 36230774 PMCID: PMC9564305 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXC2 is a forkhead family transcription factor that plays a critical role in specifying mesenchymal cell fate during embryogenesis. FOXC2 expression is associated with increased metastasis and poor survival in various solid malignancies. Using in vitro and in vivo assays in mouse ovarian cancer cell lines, we confirmed the previously reported mechanisms by which FOXC2 could promote cancer growth, metastasis, and drug resistance, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, stem cell-like differentiation, and resistance to anoikis. In addition, we showed that FOXC2 expression is associated with vasculogenic mimicry in mouse and human ovarian cancers. FOXC2 overexpression increased the ability of human ovarian cancer cells to form vascular-like structures in vitro, while inhibition of FOXC2 had the opposite effect. Thus, we present a novel mechanism by which FOXC2 might contribute to cancer aggressiveness and poor patient survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Sol Recouvreux
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Jiangyong Miao
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Maricel C. Gozo
- Women’s Cancer Program, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jingni Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Ann E. Walts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Beth Y. Karlan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sandra Orsulic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Veterans Administration Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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