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Mitchell MI, Ben-Dov IZ, Liu C, Wang T, Hazan RB, Bauer TL, Zakrzewski J, Donnelly K, Chow K, Ma J, Loudig O. Non-invasive detection of orthotopic human lung tumors by microRNA expression profiling of mouse exhaled breath condensates and exhaled extracellular vesicles. EXTRACELLULAR VESICLES AND CIRCULATING NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 5:138-164. [PMID: 38863869 PMCID: PMC11165456 DOI: 10.20517/evcna.2023.77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Aim The lung is the second most frequent site of metastatic dissemination. Early detection is key to improving survival. Given that the lung interfaces with the external environment, the collection of exhaled breath condensate (EBC) provides the opportunity to obtain biological material including exhaled miRNAs that originate from the lung. Methods In this proof-of-principal study, we used the highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 subline 3475 breast cancer cell line (LM-3475) to establish an orthotopic lung tumor-bearing mouse model and investigate non-invasive detection of lung tumors by analysis of exhaled miRNAs. We initially conducted miRNA NGS and qPCR validation analyses on condensates collected from unrestrained animals and identified significant miRNA expression differences between the condensates of lung tumor-bearing and control mice. To focus our purification of EBC and evaluate the origin of these differentially expressed miRNAs, we developed a system to collect EBC directly from the nose and mouth of our mice. Results Using nanoparticle distribution analyses, TEM, and ONi super-resolution nanoimaging, we determined that human tumor EVs could be increasingly detected in mouse EBC during the progression of secondary lung tumors. Using our customizable EV-CATCHER assay, we purified human tumor EVs from mouse EBC and demonstrated that the bulk of differentially expressed exhaled miRNAs originate from lung tumors, which could be detected by qPCR within 1 to 2 weeks after tail vein injection of the metastatic cells. Conclusion This study is the first of its kind and demonstrates that lung tumor EVs are exhaled in mice and provide non-invasive biomarkers for detection of lung tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan I. Mitchell
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian Health, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
| | - Iddo Z. Ben-Dov
- Laboratory of Medical Transcriptomics, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Christina Liu
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Rachel B. Hazan
- Department of Pathology, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY 10461, USA
| | - Thomas L. Bauer
- Jersey Shore University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian Health, Neptune City, NJ 07753, USA
| | - Johannes Zakrzewski
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian Health, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
| | - Kathryn Donnelly
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
| | - Kar Chow
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian Health, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
| | - Junfeng Ma
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
| | - Olivier Loudig
- Center for Discovery and Innovation, Hackensack Meridian Health, Nutley, NJ 07110, USA
- Hackensack University Medical Center, Hackensack Meridian Health, Hackensack, NJ 07601, USA
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2
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Wang LM, Yadav R, Serban M, Arias O, Seuntjens J, Ybarra N. Validation of an orthotopic non-small cell lung cancer mouse model, with left or right tumor growths, to use in conformal radiotherapy studies. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284282. [PMID: 37053154 PMCID: PMC10101527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthotopic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) mice models are important for establishing translatability of in vitro results. However, most orthotopic lung models do not produce localized tumors treatable by conformal radiotherapy (RT). Here we report on the performance of an orthotopic mice model featuring conformal RT treatable tumors following either left or right lung tumor cell implantation. Athymic Nude mice were surgically implanted with H1299 NSCLC cell line in either the left or right lung. Tumor development was tracked bi-weekly using computed tomography (CT) imaging. When lesions reached an appropriate size for treatment, animals were separated into non-treatment (control group) and RT treated groups. Both RT treated left and right lung tumors which were given a single dose of 20 Gy of 225 kV X-rays. Left lung tumors were treated with a two-field parallel opposed plan while right lung tumors were treated with a more conformal four-field plan to assess tumor control. Mice were monitored for 30 days after RT or after tumor reached treatment size for non-treatment animals. Treatment images from the left and right lung tumor were also used to assess the dose distribution for four distinct treatment plans: 1) Two sets of perpendicularly staggered parallel opposed fields, 2) two fields positioned in the anterior-posterior and posterior-anterior configuration, 3) an 180° arc field from 0° to 180° and 4) two parallel opposed fields which cross through the contralateral lung. Tumor volumes and changes throughout the follow-up period were tracked by three different types of quantitative tumor size approximation and tumor volumes derived from contours. Ultimately, our model generated delineable and conformal RT treatable tumor following both left and right lung implantation. Similarly consistent tumor development was noted between left and right models. We were also able to demonstrate that a single 20 Gy dose of 225 kV X-rays applied to either the right or left lung tumor models had similar levels of tumor control resulting in similar adverse outcomes and survival. And finally, three-dimensional tumor approximation featuring volume computed from the measured length across three perpendicular axes gave the best approximation of tumor volume, most closely resembled tumor volumes obtained with contours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ming Wang
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Healthcare Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ranjan Yadav
- Medical Physics Unit, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Monica Serban
- Radiation Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Osvaldo Arias
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Healthcare Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jan Seuntjens
- Radiation Medicine, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre and Department of Radiation Oncology and Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Norma Ybarra
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Cancer Research Program, Research Institute of the McGill University Healthcare Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Tanaka R, Yoshinouchi S, Karouji K, Tanaka Y, Tominari T, Hirata M, Matsumoto C, Itoh Y, Miyaura C, Inada M. A mouse model of lung cancer induced via intranasal injection for anticancer drug screening and evaluation of pathology. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 13:51-59. [PMID: 36102619 PMCID: PMC9810119 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The pathologies and lethality of lung cancers are associated with smoking, lifestyle, and genomic factors. Several experimental mouse models of lung cancer, including those induced via intrapulmonary injection and intratracheal injection, have been reported for evaluating the pharmacological effect of drugs. However, these models are not sufficient for evaluating the efficacy of drugs during screening, as these direct injection models ignore the native processes of cancer progression in vivo, resulting in the inadequate pathological formation of lung cancer. In the present study, we developed a novel intranasal injection model of lung cancer simulating the native lung cancer pathology for anticancer drug screening. A mouse lung cancer cell line (Lewis lung carcinoma; LCC) was intranasally injected into mouse lungs, and injected cell number-dependent cancer proliferation was apparent in both the left and right lungs. Human non-small-cell lung cancer (NCI-H460) cells were also intranasally injected into nude mice and similarly showed injected cell number-dependent cancer growth. For the pharmacological evaluation of cisplatin, two different treatment frequencies were tested four times per month and twice a month. The intranasal injection model confirmed that cisplatin suppressed lung cancer progression to a greater extent under the more frequent treatment condition. In conclusion, these results indicated that our intranasal injection model is a powerful tool for investigating lung cancer pathology and may aid in the development of new anti-lung cancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tanaka
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan,Testing and Research LaboratoriesHAMLI Co., Ltd.IbarakiJapan
| | - Shosei Yoshinouchi
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan
| | - Kento Karouji
- Department of Biotechnology and Life ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan
| | - Yuki Tanaka
- Department of Biotechnology and Life ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan
| | - Tsukasa Tominari
- Department of Biotechnology and Life ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan
| | - Michiko Hirata
- Department of Biotechnology and Life ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan
| | - Chiho Matsumoto
- Department of Biotechnology and Life ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan
| | - Yoshifumi Itoh
- Institute of Global Innovation ResearchTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan,Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal SciencesUniversity of OxfordUK
| | - Chisato Miyaura
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan,Department of Biotechnology and Life ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan,Institute of Global Innovation ResearchTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan
| | - Masaki Inada
- Cooperative Major of Advanced Health ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan,Department of Biotechnology and Life ScienceTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan,Institute of Global Innovation ResearchTokyo University of Agriculture and TechnologyJapan
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4
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Iwasawa T. Editorial for "Intravoxel Incoherent Motion Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Predicting and Monitoring the Response of Anti-Angiogenic Treatment in the Orthotopic Nude Mouse Model of Lung Adenocarcinoma". J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 55:1211-1212. [PMID: 34532921 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Iwasawa
- Department of Radiology, Kanagawa Cardiovascular & Respiratory Center, Yokohama, Japan
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5
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Jarry U, Bostoën M, Pineau R, Chaillot L, Mennessier V, Montagne P, Motte E, Gournay M, Le Goff A, Guillaudeux T, Pedeux R. Orthotopic model of lung cancer: isolation of bone micro-metastases after tumor escape from Osimertinib treatment. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:530. [PMID: 33971844 PMCID: PMC8111918 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-08205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Osimertinib is a third generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in lung cancer. However, although this molecule is not subject to some of the resistance mechanisms observed in response to first generation TKIs, ultimately, patients relapse because of unknown resistance mechanisms. New relevant non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) mice models are therefore required to allow the analysis of these resistance mechanisms and to evaluate the efficacy of new therapeutic strategies. Methods Briefly, PC-9 cells, previously modified for luciferase expression, were injected into the tail vein of mice. Tumor implantation and longitudinal growth, almost exclusively localized in the lung, were evaluated by bioluminescence. Once established, the tumor was treated with osimertinib until tumor escape and development of bone metastases. Results Micro-metastases were detected by bioluminescence and collected for further analysis. Conclusion We describe an orthotopic model of NSCLC protocol that led to lung primary tumor nesting and, after osimertinib treatment, by metastases dissemination, and that allow the isolation of these small osimertinib-resistant micro-metastases. This model provides new biological tools to study tumor progression from the establishment of a lung tumor to the generation of drug-resistant micro-metastases, mimicking the natural course of the disease in human NSCLC patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-08205-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Jarry
- Université Rennes 1, UMS 3480 CNRS/US018 INSERM BIOSIT, Laboratoire Commun ONCOTRIAL, Rennes, France. .,Biotrial Pharmacology, Unité De Pharmacologie Préclinique, Rennes, France.
| | - Mégane Bostoën
- Université Rennes 1, UMS 3480 CNRS/US018 INSERM BIOSIT, Laboratoire Commun ONCOTRIAL, Rennes, France
| | - Raphaël Pineau
- INSERM U1242 COSS, Université Rennes 1, Clcc Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Laura Chaillot
- INSERM U1242 COSS, Université Rennes 1, Clcc Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | | | - Pierre Montagne
- Biotrial Pharmacology, Unité De Pharmacologie Préclinique, Rennes, France
| | - Emilie Motte
- Biotrial Pharmacology, Unité De Pharmacologie Préclinique, Rennes, France
| | - Marjorie Gournay
- INSERM U1242 COSS, Université Rennes 1, Clcc Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Arnaud Le Goff
- Biotrial Pharmacology, Unité De Pharmacologie Préclinique, Rennes, France
| | - Thierry Guillaudeux
- Université Rennes 1, UMS 3480 CNRS/US018 INSERM BIOSIT, Laboratoire Commun ONCOTRIAL, Rennes, France.,INSERM U1242 COSS, Université Rennes 1, Clcc Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France
| | - Rémy Pedeux
- INSERM U1242 COSS, Université Rennes 1, Clcc Eugène Marquis, Rennes, France.
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Salunkhe S, Dheeraj, Basak M, Chitkara D, Mittal A. Surface functionalization of exosomes for target-specific delivery and in vivo imaging & tracking: Strategies and significance. J Control Release 2020; 326:599-614. [PMID: 32730952 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.07.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Exosomes are natural nanovesicles excreted by many cells for intercellular communication and for transfer of materials including proteins, nucleic acids and even synthetic therapeutic agents. Surface modification of exosomes imparts additional functionality to the exosomes to enable site specific drug delivery and in vivo imaging and tracking and is an emerging area in drug delivery research. The present review focuses upon these modifications on the exosomal surface, the chemistry involved and their impact on targeted drug delivery for the treatment of brain, breast, lung, liver, colon tumors and, heart diseases and for understanding their in vivo fate including their uptake mechanisms, pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. The specific exosomal membrane proteins such as tetraspanins (CD63, CD81, CD9), lactadherin (LA), lysosome associated membrane protein-2b (Lamp-2b) and, glycosyl-phosphatidyl-inositol (GPI) involved in functionalization of exosome surface have also been discussed along with different strategies of surface modification like genetic engineering, covalent modification (click chemistry and metabolic engineering of parent cells of exosomes) and non-covalent modification (multivalent electrostatic interactions, ligand-receptor interaction, hydrophobic interaction, aptamer based modification and modification by anchoring CP05 peptide) along with optical (fluorescent and bioluminescent) and radioactive isotope labelling techniques of exosomes for imaging purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubham Salunkhe
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Dheeraj
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Moumita Basak
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Deepak Chitkara
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Anupama Mittal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS PILANI), Pilani, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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7
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Kageyama K, Ozaki S, Sato T. Generation of a Liver Orthotopic Human Uveal Melanoma Xenograft Platform in Immunodeficient Mice. J Vis Exp 2019. [PMID: 31762467 DOI: 10.3791/59941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, subcutaneously implanted patient-derived xenograft tumors or cultured human cell lines have been increasingly recognized as more representative models to study human cancers in immunodeficient mice than traditional established human cell lines in vitro. Recently, orthotopically implanted patient-derived tumor xenograft (PDX) models in mice have been developed to better replicate features of patient tumors. A liver orthotopic xenograft mouse model is expected to be a useful cancer research platform, providing insights into tumor biology and drug therapy. However, liver orthotopic tumor implantation is generally complicated. Here we describe our protocols for the orthotopic implantation of patient-derived liver-metastatic uveal melanoma tumors. We cultured human liver metastatic uveal melanoma cell lines into immunodeficient mice. The protocols can result in consistently high technical success rates using either a surgical orthotopic implantation technique with chunks of patient-derived uveal melanoma tumor or a needle injection technique with cultured human cell line. We also describe protocols for CT scanning to detect interior liver tumors and for re-implantation techniques using cryopreserved tumors to achieve re-engraftment. Together, these protocols provide a better platform for liver orthotopic tumor mouse models of liver metastatic uveal melanoma in translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kageyama
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Shinji Ozaki
- Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Cancer Center; Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University
| | - Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University;
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8
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Kageyama K, Ohara M, Saito K, Ozaki S, Terai M, Mastrangelo MJ, Fortina P, Aplin AE, Sato T. Establishment of an orthotopic patient-derived xenograft mouse model using uveal melanoma hepatic metastasis. J Transl Med 2017. [PMID: 28645290 PMCID: PMC5481921 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1247-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Metastatic uveal melanoma is a highly fatal disease; most patients die from their hepatic metastasis within 1 year. A major drawback in the development of new treatments for metastatic uveal melanoma is the difficulty in obtaining appropriate cell lines and the lack of appropriate animal models. Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor models, bearing ectopically implanted tumors at a subcutaneous site, have been developed. However, these ectopically implanted PDX models have obstacles to translational research, including a low engraftment rate, slow tumor growth, and biological changes after multiple passages due to the different microenvironment. To overcome these limitations, we developed a new method to directly transplant biopsy specimens to the liver of immunocompromised mice. Results By using two metastatic uveal melanoma cell lines, we demonstrated that the liver provides a more suitable microenvironment for tumor growth compared to subcutaneous sites and that surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI) of tumor pieces allows the creation of a liver tumor in immunocompromised mice. Subsequently, 10 of 12 hepatic metastasis specimens from patients were successfully xenografted into the immunocompromised mice (83.3% success rate) using SOI, including 8 of 10 needle biopsy specimens (80%). Additionally, four cryopreserved PDX tumors were re-implanted to new mice and re-establishment of PDX tumors was confirmed in all four mice. The serially passaged xenograft tumors as well as the re-implanted tumors after cryopreservation were similar to the original patient tumors in histologic, genomic, and proteomic expression profiles. CT imaging was effective for detecting and monitoring PDX tumors in the liver of living mice. The expression of Ki67 in original patient tumors was a predictive factor for implanted tumor growth and the success of serial passages in PDX mice. Conclusions Surgical orthotopic implantation of hepatic metastasis from uveal melanoma is highly successful in the establishment of orthotopic PDX models, enhancing their practical utility for research applications. By using CT scan, tumor growth can be monitored, which is beneficial to evaluate treatment effects in interventional studies. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12967-017-1247-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kageyama
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Ste. 1024, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.,Department of Radiology, Osaka City University, 1-4-3 Asahimachi Abenoku, Osaka, Osaka, 545-8585, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ohara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Ste. 1024, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Kengo Saito
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Ste. 1024, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Shinji Ozaki
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Ste. 1024, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.,Department of Surgery, National Hospital Organization, Kure Medical Center/Chugoku Cancer Center, 3-1 Aoyamacho Kure, Hiroshima, 737-0023, Japan
| | - Mizue Terai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Ste. 1024, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Michael J Mastrangelo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Ste. 1024, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Paolo Fortina
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Ste. 1024, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Andrew E Aplin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Ste. 1024, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Takami Sato
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 1015 Walnut Street, Ste. 1024, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
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Price DN, McBride AA, Anton M, Kusewitt DF, Norenberg JP, MacKenzie DA, Thompson TA, Muttil P. Longitudinal Assessment of Lung Cancer Progression in Mice Using the Sodium Iodide Symporter Reporter Gene and SPECT/CT Imaging. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0169107. [PMID: 28036366 PMCID: PMC5201271 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer has the highest mortality rate of any tissue-specific cancer in both men and women. Research continues to investigate novel drugs and therapies to mitigate poor treatment efficacy, but the lack of a good descriptive lung cancer animal model for preclinical drug evaluation remains an obstacle. Here we describe the development of an orthotopic lung cancer animal model which utilizes the human sodium iodide symporter gene (hNIS; SLC5A5) as an imaging reporter gene for the purpose of non-invasive, longitudinal tumor quantification. hNIS is a glycoprotein that naturally transports iodide (I-) into thyroid cells and has the ability to symport the radiotracer 99mTc-pertechnetate (99mTcO4-). A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells were genetically modified with plasmid or lentiviral vectors to express hNIS. Modified cells were implanted into athymic nude mice to develop two tumor models: a subcutaneous and an orthotopic xenograft tumor model. Tumor progression was longitudinally imaged using SPECT/CT and quantified by SPECT voxel analysis. hNIS expression in lung tumors was analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. Additionally, hematoxylin and eosin staining and visual inspection of pulmonary tumors was performed. We observed that lentiviral transduction provided enhanced and stable hNIS expression in A549 cells. Furthermore, 99mTcO4- uptake and accumulation was observed within lung tumors allowing for imaging and quantification of tumor mass at two-time points. This study illustrates the development of an orthotopic lung cancer model that can be longitudinally imaged throughout the experimental timeline thus avoiding inter-animal variability and leading to a reduction in total animal numbers. Furthermore, our orthotopic lung cancer animal model is clinically relevant and the genetic modification of cells for SPECT/CT imaging can be translated to other tissue-specific tumor animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique N. Price
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Amber A. McBride
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- Sandia National Laboratory, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Martina Anton
- Institute of Molecular Immunology/Experimental Oncology and Therapy Research, Klinikum rechts der Isar der Technischen Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Donna F. Kusewitt
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey P. Norenberg
- New Mexico Center for Isotopes in Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Debra A. MacKenzie
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Todd A. Thompson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Pavan Muttil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- University of New Mexico Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
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10
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Abstract
To date a variety of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) mouse models have been developed that mimic human lung cancer. Chemically induced or spontaneous lung cancer in susceptible inbred strains has been widely used, but the more recent genetically engineered somatic mouse models recapitulate much better the genotype-phenotype correlations found in human lung cancer. Additionally, improved orthotopic transplantation of primary human cancer tissue fragments or cells into lungs of immune-compromised mice can be valuable tools for preclinical research such as antitumor drug tests. Here we give a short overview of most somatic mouse models for lung cancer that are currently in use. We accompany each different model with a description of its practical use and application for all major lung tumor types, as well as the intratracheal injection or direct injection of fresh or freeze-thawed tumor cells or tumor cell lines into lung parenchyma of recipient mice. All here presented somatic mouse models are based on the ability to (in) activate specific alleles at a time, and in a tissue-specific cell type, of choice. This spatial-temporal controlled induction of genetic lesions allows the selective introduction of main genetic lesions in an adult mouse lung as found in human lung cancer. The resulting conditional somatic mouse models can be used as versatile powerful tools in basic lung cancer research and preclinical translational studies alike. These distinctively advanced lung cancer models permit us to investigate initiation (cell of origin) and progression of lung cancer, along with response and resistance to drug therapy. Cre/lox or FLP/frt recombinase-mediated methods are now well-used techniques to develop tissue-restricted lung cancer in mice with tumor-suppressor gene and/or oncogene (in)activation. Intranasal or intratracheal administration of engineered adenovirus-Cre or lentivirus-Cre has been optimized for introducing Cre recombinase activity into pulmonary tissues, and we discuss here the different techniques underlying these applications. Concomitant with Cre/Flp recombinase-based models are the tetracycline (Tet)-inducible bitransgenic systems in which presence or absence of doxycycline can turn the expression of a specific oncogene on or off. The use of several Tet-inducible lung cancer models for NSCLC is presented here in which the reversal of oncogene expression led to complete tumor regression and provided us with important insight of how oncogene dependence influence lung cancer survival and growth. As alternative to Tet-inducible models, we discuss the application of reversible expressed, transgenic mutant estrogen receptor (ER) fusion proteins, which are regulated via systemic tamoxifen administration. Most of the various lung cancer models can be combined through the generation of transgenic compound mice so that the use of these somatic mouse models can be even more enhanced for the study of specific molecular pathways that facilitate growth and maintenance of lung cancer. Finally, this description of the practical application and methodology of mouse models for lung cancer should be helpful in assisting researchers to make the best choices and optimal use of (existing) somatic models that suits the specific experimental needs in their study of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghaiyeh Safari
- Health Science Institute, Dokuz Eylul University, Cumhuriyet Bulvari No: 144 35210, Alsancak, Izmir, Turkey
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Im GH, Jang MS, Chung JJ, Kim KN, Kim JH, Kim SI, Lee JH. Improvement of orthotopic lung cancer mouse model via thoracotomy and orotracheal intubation enabling in vivo imaging studies. Lab Anim 2013; 48:124-31. [PMID: 24257968 DOI: 10.1177/0023677213512821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of molecular mechanisms and the efficiency of novel therapeutics for the treatment and prevention of a disease require accurate and accessible preclinical models. Recent developments in personalized medicine employing molecular medicine concepts have favored mice because their genetic make-up is well known and easy to manipulate. For lung cancer, however, orthotopic models in mice are difficult to create due to their narrow glottis openings which act as obstacles to intubation. In the present study, we develop an orotracheal intubation device which gives a clearer view of the narrow mouse glottis and increases the success rate of intubation. We achieved anesthetization via orotracheal intubation using this novel device and then performed a thoracotomy by making an incision between the fourth and fifth intercostal ribs on the right side of the chest. Lung tumor cells were then inoculated at this site. Tumor formation was monitored through bioluminescence optical and magnetic resonance (MR) imagings, which was confirmed by histological analysis. Temperature drop (<35) and/or loss of body weight (>30% of the initial body weight) observed during any procedure were used as interruption criteria. This method exhibited high tumorigenicity (100%) and a low mortality rate (8%) at specific sites making it ideal for creating orthotopic lung tumor models and making it particularly useful for sequential follow-up studies using in vivo image analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Ho Im
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine and Center for Molecular and Cellular Imaging, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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