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Jit BP, Pradhan B, Dash R, Bhuyan PP, Behera C, Behera RK, Sharma A, Alcaraz M, Jena M. Phytochemicals: Potential Therapeutic Modulators of Radiation Induced Signaling Pathways. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 11:antiox11010049. [PMID: 35052553 PMCID: PMC8773162 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11010049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Ionizing radiation results in extensive damage to biological systems. The massive amount of ionizing radiation from nuclear accidents, radiation therapy (RT), space exploration, and the nuclear battlefield leads to damage to biological systems. Radiation injuries, such as inflammation, fibrosis, and atrophy, are characterized by genomic instability, apoptosis, necrosis, and oncogenic transformation, mediated by the activation or inhibition of specific signaling pathways. Exposure of tumors or normal cells to different doses of ionizing radiation could lead to the generation of free radical species, which can release signal mediators and lead to harmful effects. Although previous FDA-approved agents effectively mitigate radiation-associated toxicities, their use is limited due to their high cellular toxicities. Preclinical and clinical findings reveal that phytochemicals derived from plants that exhibit potent antioxidant activities efficiently target several signaling pathways. This review examined the prospective roles played by some phytochemicals in altering signal pathways associated with radiation response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimal Prasad Jit
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768019, India; (B.P.J.); (R.D.); (R.K.B.)
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Biswajita Pradhan
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India; (B.P.); (C.B.)
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, Seoul 03016, Korea
| | - Rutumbara Dash
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768019, India; (B.P.J.); (R.D.); (R.K.B.)
| | - Prajna Paramita Bhuyan
- Department of Botany, Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanja Deo University, Baripada 757003, India;
| | - Chhandashree Behera
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India; (B.P.); (C.B.)
| | - Rajendra Kumar Behera
- School of Life Sciences, Sambalpur University, Jyoti Vihar, Burla 768019, India; (B.P.J.); (R.D.); (R.K.B.)
| | - Ashok Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India;
| | - Miguel Alcaraz
- Radiology and Physical Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Campus de Excelencia Internacional de Ámbito Regional (CEIR)-Campus Mare Nostrum (CMN), Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (M.J.); Tel.: +34-868883601 (M.A.); +91-7978478950 (M.J.)
| | - Mrutyunjay Jena
- Algal Biotechnology and Molecular Systematic Laboratory, Post Graduate Department of Botany, Berhampur University, Bhanja Bihar, Berhampur 760007, India; (B.P.); (C.B.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.); (M.J.); Tel.: +34-868883601 (M.A.); +91-7978478950 (M.J.)
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Protective effects of galangin against H 2O 2/UVB-induced dermal fibroblast collagen degradation via hsa-microRNA-4535-mediated TGFβ/Smad signaling. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:25342-25364. [PMID: 34890367 PMCID: PMC8714160 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the mechanism underlying the protective effects of galangin against H2O2/UVB-induced damage using in vitro and in vivo models of photodamage. Moreover, we identified the involvement of miRNA regulation in this process. The H2O2/UVB-treated HS68 human dermal fibroblasts and UVB-induced C57BL/6J nude mice were used as in vitro and in vivo models of photodamage. The results showed that galangin treatment alleviated H2O2/UVB-induced reduction in cell viability, TGFβ/Smad signaling impairment, and dermal aging. Based on the results of microRNA array analyses and database searches, hsa-miR-4535 was identified as a potential candidate miRNA that targets Smad4. In vitro, galangin treatment activated Smad2/3/4 complex and inhibited hsa-miR-4535 expression in H2O2/UVB-exposed cells. In vivo, topical application of low (12 mg/kg) and high doses (24 mg/kg) of galangin to the dorsal skin of C57BL/6J nude mice significantly alleviated UVB-induced skin photodamage by promoting TGFβ/Smad collagen synthesis signaling, reducing epidermal hyperplasia, wrinkle formation, and skin senescence, as well as inhibiting hsa-miR-4535 expression. Taken together, our findings indicate a link between hsa-miR-4535 and TGFβ/Smad collagen synthesis signaling and suggest these factors to be involved in the photo-protective mechanism of galangin in dermal fibroblasts against H2O2/UVB-induced aging. The evidence indicated that galangin with anti-aging properties can be considered as a supplement in skin care products.
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Dietary Phytoestrogens and Their Metabolites as Epigenetic Modulators with Impact on Human Health. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121893. [PMID: 34942997 PMCID: PMC8750933 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of dietary phytoestrogens on human health has been a topic of continuous debate since their discovery. Nowadays, based on their presumptive beneficial effects, the amount of phytoestrogens consumed in the daily diet has increased considerably worldwide. Thus, there is a growing need for scientific data regarding their mode of action in the human body. Recently, new insights of phytoestrogens’ bioavailability and metabolism have demonstrated an inter-and intra-population heterogeneity of final metabolites’ production. In addition, the phytoestrogens may have the ability to modulate epigenetic mechanisms that control gene expression. This review highlights the complexity and particularity of the metabolism of each class of phytoestrogens, pointing out the diversity of their bioactive gut metabolites. Futhermore, it presents emerging scientific data which suggest that, among well-known genistein and resveratrol, other phytoestrogens and their gut metabolites can act as epigenetic modulators with a possible impact on human health. The interconnection of dietary phytoestrogens’ consumption with gut microbiota composition, epigenome and related preventive mechanisms is discussed. The current challenges and future perspectives in designing relevant research directions to explore the potential health benefits of dietary phytoestrogens are also explored.
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Lee D, Kim YM, Chin YW, Kang KS. Schisandrol A Exhibits Estrogenic Activity via Estrogen Receptor α-Dependent Signaling Pathway in Estrogen Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13071082. [PMID: 34371773 PMCID: PMC8308983 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13071082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the estrogen-like effects of gentiopicroside, macelignan, γ-mangostin, and three lignans (schisandrol A, schisandrol B, and schisandrin C), and their possible mechanism of action. Their effects on the proliferation of the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) were evaluated using Ez-Cytox reagents. The expression of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), AKT, and estrogen receptor α (ERα) was measured by performing Western blot analysis. 17β-estradiol (E2), also known as estradiol, is an estrogen steroid and was used as a positive control. ICI 182,780 (ICI), an ER antagonist, was used to block the ER function. Our results showed that, except for gentiopicroside, all the compounds promoted proliferation of MCF-7 cells, with schisandrol A being the most effective; this effect was better than that of E2 and was mitigated by ICI. Consistently, the expression of ERK, PI3K, AKT, and ERα increased following treatment with schisandrol A; this effect was slightly better than that of E2 and was mitigated by ICI. Taken together, the ERα induction via the PI3K/AKT and ERK signaling pathways may be a potential mechanism underlying the estrogen-like effects of schisandrol A. This study provides an experimental basis for the application of schisandrol A as a phytoestrogen for the prevention of menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dahae Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
| | - Young-Mi Kim
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea;
| | - Young-Won Chin
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, 1, Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.-W.C.); (K.S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-880-7859 (Y.-W.C.); +82-31-750-5402 (K.S.K.)
| | - Ki Sung Kang
- College of Korean Medicine, Gachon University, Seongnam 13120, Korea;
- Correspondence: (Y.-W.C.); (K.S.K.); Tel.: +82-2-880-7859 (Y.-W.C.); +82-31-750-5402 (K.S.K.)
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Lee JH, Kim C, Lee J, Um JY, Sethi G, Ahn KS. Arctiin is a pharmacological inhibitor of STAT3 phosphorylation at tyrosine 705 residue and potentiates bortezomib-induced apoptotic and anti-angiogenic effects in human multiple myeloma cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 55:282-292. [PMID: 30668440 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Arctiin is a main component from the fruits of Arctium lappa L., that can be prescribed for cold or flu in East Asian countries; it has also been found to exert chemopreventive actions against various tumor cells. HYPOTHESIS In view of this evidence, we examined arctiin for its ability to trigger apoptosis and inhibit the activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in human multiple myeloma (MM) cells. METHODS We evaluated the effect of arctiin on STAT3 signaling cascades and its regulated functional responses in MM cells. RESULTS Arctiin effectively blocked the constitutive activation of STAT3 phosphorylation in the residue of tyrosine 705. Arctiin also abrogated the constitutive activation of Src phosphorylation and Janus-activated kinases (JAKs) 1/2. Furthermore, it was found that arctiin treatment clearly enhanced the mRNA and protein levels of protein tyrosine phosphatase ε (PTPε), and the silencing of PTPε caused a reversal of the arctiin-induced PTPε expression and the blockadge of STAT3 phosphorylation. Interestingly, arctiin could not repress IL-6-induced STAT3 activation in serum-starved U266 cells and when arctiin was incubated with a complete culture medium in RPMI 8226 and MM.1S cells. Arctiin suppressed cell proliferation, accumulated cells in the G2/M cell-cycle phase, and induced apoptosis within U266 cells, although the knockdown of PTPε prevented PARP cleavage and caspase-3 activation induced by the arctiin. In addition, arctiin exerted cytotoxicity in MM cells, but did not do so in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Arctiin down-modulated diverse oncogenic gene products regulated by STAT3, although the induction of apoptosis by arctiin was abrogated upon transfection with pMXs-STAT3C in mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) cells. Arctiin also potentiated bortezomib-induced antitumor effects in U266 cells. CONCLUSION On the whole, our results indicate that arctiin is a potentially new inhibitor of constitutive STAT3 activation through the induction of PTPε in MM, cells and therefore has great value in treating various tumors sheltering constitutively activated STAT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong Hyun Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Chulwon Kim
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Junhee Lee
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117600, Singapore.
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 24 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02447, South Korea.
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Ethinylestradiol and Levonorgestrel as Active Agents in Normal Skin, and Pathological Conditions Induced by UVB Exposure: In Vitro and In Ovo Assessments. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19113600. [PMID: 30441863 PMCID: PMC6275072 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19113600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The link between melanoma development and the use of oral combined contraceptives is not fully elucidated, and the data concerning this issue are scarce and controversial. In the present study, we show that the components of oral contraceptives, ethinylestradiol (EE), levonorgestrel (LNG), and their combination (EE + LNG) ± UVB (ultraviolet B radiation) induced differential effects on healthy (human keratinocytes, fibroblasts, and primary epidermal melanocytes, and murine epidermis cells) and melanoma cells (human—A375 and murine—B164A5), as follows: (i) at low doses (1 µM), the hormones were devoid of significant toxicity on healthy cells, but in melanoma cells, they triggered cell death via apoptosis; (ii) higher doses (10 µM) were associated with cytotoxicity in all cells, the most affected being the melanoma cells; (iii) UVB irradiation proved to be toxic for all types of cells; (iv) UVB irradiation + hormonal stimulation led to a synergistic cytotoxicity in the case of human melanoma cells—A375 and improved viability rates of healthy and B164A5 cells. A weak irritant potential exerted by EE and EE + LNG (10 µM) was assessed by the means of a chick chorioallantoic membrane assay. Further studies are required to elucidate the hormones’ cell type-dependent antimelanoma effect and the role played by melanin in this context.
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Notara M, Behboudifard S, Kluth MA, Maßlo C, Ganss C, Frank MH, Schumacher B, Cursiefen C. UV light-blocking contact lenses protect against short-term UVB-induced limbal stem cell niche damage and inflammation. Sci Rep 2018; 8:12564. [PMID: 30135547 PMCID: PMC6105637 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-30021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
UVB irradiation has been linked to pathogenesis of pterygium, a conjunctival tumor growing onto transparent cornea, the windscreen of the eye. Due to corneal anatomy, ambient UVB irradiation is amplified at the stem cell-containing nasal limbus. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of a UV-blocking contact lens (UVBCL, senofilcon A, Class 1 UV blocker) on limbal epithelial cells and fibroblasts under UVB irradiation compared to a non-UVB-blocking contact lens. UVBCL prevented UVB-induced DNA damage (as assessed by cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer immunostaining) as well as a decrease in proliferation and scratch wound closure rate of both limbal epithelial and fibroblast cells. Similarly, UVBCL protected limbal epithelial cells from UVB-induced loss of their phenotype in terms of colony forming efficiency and stem cell marker expression (ABCB5, P63α, integrin β1) compared to controls. Moreover, with UVBCL pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and MCP1 remained unchanged. These data demonstrate the significance of UV-protection in preserving the limbal niche in response to at least short-term UVB. Our data support the use of UVBCL in protecting limbal niche cells, especially after limbal stem cell transplantation and in patients after pterygium surgery, to help prevent recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Notara
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - S Behboudifard
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M A Kluth
- TICEBA GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, Heidelberg, Germany
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Maßlo
- TICEBA GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, Heidelberg, Germany
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - C Ganss
- TICEBA GmbH, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, Heidelberg, Germany
- RHEACELL GmbH & Co. KG, Im Neuenheimer Feld 517, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M H Frank
- Transplant Research Program, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
- School of Medical Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - B Schumacher
- Institute for Genome Stability in Ageing and Disease, CECAD Research Center, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 26, 50931, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMK), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - C Cursiefen
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMK), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Cao W, Qian G, Luo W, Liu X, Pu Y, Hu G, Han L, Yuan L, A X, Deng D. miR-125b is downregulated in systemic lupus erythematosus patients and inhibits autophagy by targeting UVRAG. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 99:791-797. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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Shanuja SK, Iswarya S, Rajasekaran S, Dinesh MG, Gnanamani A. Pre-treatment of extracellular water soluble pigmented secondary metabolites of marine imperfect fungus protects HDF cells from UVB induced oxidative stress. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2018; 17:1229-1238. [DOI: 10.1039/c8pp00221e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The melanin precursor of fungal origin was found to be an excellent UVB inhibiting agent as experimented in HDF cells and in small animals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Iswarya
- Microbiology Division
- CSIR-CLRI
- Chennai 600020
- India
| | | | | | - A. Gnanamani
- Microbiology Division
- CSIR-CLRI
- Chennai 600020
- India
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Abstract
The advent of RNA interference (RNAi) technology has profoundly impacted molecular biology research and medicine but has also advanced the field of skin care. Both effector molecules of RNAi, short-interfering RNA molecules and microRNAs (miRNAs), have been explored for their relative impact and utility for treating a variety of skin conditions. These post-transcriptional RNA regulatory molecules down-modulate protein expression through targeting of the 3' untranslated regions of messenger RNAs, leading to their degradation or repression through sequestration. As researchers hunt for genetic linkages to skin diseases, miRNA regulators have emerged as key players in the biology of keratinocytes, fibroblasts, melanocytes, and other cells of the skin. Herein, we attempt to coalesce the current efforts to combat various skin disorders and diseases through the development of miRNA-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lawrence
- Biocogent, LLC, 25 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA
| | - Joseph Ceccoli
- Biocogent, LLC, 25 Health Sciences Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11790 USA
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Tiraravesit N, Humbert P, Robin S, Tissot M, Viennet C, Viyoch J. Artocarpin-enriched (Artocarpus altilis) Heartwood Extract Provides Protection Against UVB-induced Mechanical Damage in Dermal Fibroblasts. Photochem Photobiol 2017; 93:1232-1239. [PMID: 28477344 DOI: 10.1111/php.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of artocarpin-enriched (Artocarpus altilis) heartwood extract on the mechanical properties of UVB-irradiated fibroblasts. Human skin fibroblasts were pretreated with 50 μg/mL-1 extract and later irradiated with UVB (200 mJ/cm-2 ). They were then cultured within three-dimensional of free-floating and tense collagen lattices. The pretreatment of fibroblasts with the extract prior to UVB radiation showed cells protection against UVB-induced suppression of α-SMA expression, fibroblast migration and contraction. These results reveal that the extract prevents mechanical damages induced by UVB irradiation in fibroblast-embedded collagen lattices, and therefore, has a potential as a natural photo-protectant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narisara Tiraravesit
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
| | - Philippe Humbert
- Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory, UMR 1098, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Besançon, France.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | | | - Marion Tissot
- Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory, UMR 1098, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
| | - Céline Viennet
- Engineering and Cutaneous Biology Laboratory, UMR 1098, University of Bourgogne Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
| | - Jarupa Viyoch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand
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Hsa-miR-520d-5p promotes survival in human dermal fibroblasts exposed to a lethal dose of UV irradiation. NPJ Aging Mech Dis 2016; 2:16029. [PMID: 28721278 PMCID: PMC5515008 DOI: 10.1038/npjamd.2016.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that hsa-miR-520d-5p is functionally involved in the induction of the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and stemness-mediated processes in normal cells and cancer cells, respectively. On the basis of the synergistic effect of p53 upregulation and demethylation induced by 520d-5p, the current study investigated the effect of this miRNA on apoptotic induction by ultraviolet B (UVB) light in normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells. 520d-5p was lentivirally transfected into NHDF cells either before or after a lethal dose of UVB irradiation (302 nm) to assess its preventive or therapeutic effects, respectively. The methylation level, gene expression, production of type I collagen and cell cycle distribution were estimated in UV-irradiated cells. NHDF cells transfected with 520d-5p prior to UVB irradiation had apoptotic characteristics, and the transfection exerted no preventive effects. However, transfection with 520d-5p into NHDF cells after UVB exposure resulted in the induction of reprogramming in damaged fibroblasts, the survival of CD105-positive cells, an extended cell lifespan and prevention of cellular damage or malfunction; these outcomes were similar to the effects observed in 520d-5p-transfected NHDF cells (520d/NHDF). The gene expression of c-Abl (Abelson murine leukemia viral oncogene homolog 1), ATR (ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein), and BRCA1 (breast cancer susceptibility gene I) in transfectants was transcriptionally upregulated in order. These mechanistic findings indicate that ATR-dependent DNA damage repair was activated under this stressor. In conclusion, 520d-5p exerted a therapeutic effect on cells damaged by UVB and restored them to a normal senescent state following functional restoration via survival of CD105-positive cells through c-Abl-ATR-BRCA1 pathway activation, p53 upregulation, and demethylation.
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Arctiin blocks hydrogen peroxide-induced senescence and cell death though microRNA expression changes in human dermal papilla cells. Biol Res 2014; 47:50. [PMID: 25299961 PMCID: PMC4196076 DOI: 10.1186/0717-6287-47-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are an important etiological factor for the induction of dermal papilla cell senescence and hair loss, which is also known alopecia. Arctiin is an active lignin isolated from Arctium lappa and has anti-inflammation, anti-microbial, and anti-carcinogenic effects. In the present study, we found that arctiin exerts anti-oxidative effects on human hair dermal papilla cells (HHDPCs). Results To better understand the mechanism, we analyzed the level of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced cytotoxicity, cell death, ROS production and senescence after arctiin pretreatment of HHDPCs. The results showed that arctiin pretreatment significantly inhibited the H2O2-induced reduction in cell viability. Moreover, H2O2-induced sub-G1 phase accumulation and G2 cell cycle arrest were also downregulated by arctiin pretreatment. Interestingly, the increase in intracellular ROS mediated by H2O2 was drastically decreased in HHDPCs cultured in the presence of arctiin. This effect was confirmed by senescence associated-beta galactosidase (SA-β-gal) assay results; we found that arctiin pretreatment impaired H2O2-induced senescence in HHDPCs. Using microRNA (miRNA) microarray and bioinformatic analysis, we showed that this anti-oxidative effect of arctiin in HHDPCs was related with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and Wnt signaling pathways. Conclusions Taken together, our data suggest that arctiin has a protective effect on ROS-induced cell dysfunction in HHDPCs and may therefore be useful for alopecia prevention and treatment strategies.
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