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Güler G, Acikgoz E, Mukhtarova G, Oktem G. Biomolecular fingerprints of the effect of zoledronic acid on prostate cancer stem cells: Comparison of 2D and 3D cell culture models. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 753:109920. [PMID: 38307315 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Revealing the potential of candidate drugs against different cancer types without disrupting normal cells depends on the drug mode of action. In the current study, the drug response of prostate cancer stem cells (PCSCs) to zoledronic acid (ZOL) grown in two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) culture systems was compared using Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy which is a vibrational spectroscopic technique, supporting by biochemical assays and imaging techniques. Based on our data, in 2D cell culture conditions, the ZOL treatment of PCSCs isolated according to both C133 and CD44 cell surface properties induced early/late apoptosis and suppressed migration ability. The CD133 gene expression and protein levels were altered, depending on culture systems. CD133 expression was significantly reduced in 2D cells upon ZOL treatment. FT-IR data revealed that the integrity, fluidity, and ordering/disordering states of the cell membrane and nucleic acid content were altered in both 2D and 3D cells after ZOL treatment. Regular protein structures decrease in 2D cells while glycogen and protein contents increase in 3D cells, indicating a more pronounced cytotoxic effect of ZOL for 2D cells. Untreated 3D PCSCs exhibited an even different spectral profile associated with IR signals of lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and glycogen in comparison to untreated 2D cells. Our study revealed significant differences in the drug response and cellular constituents between 2D and 3D cells. Exploring molecular targets and/or drug-action mechanisms is significant in cancer treatment approaches; thus, FT-IR spectroscopy can be successfully applied as a novel drug-screening method in clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Günnur Güler
- Biophysics Laboratory, Department of Physics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, 35433, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Eda Acikgoz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, 65080, Van, Turkey.
| | - Günel Mukhtarova
- Department of Basic Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35550, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulperi Oktem
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, 35100, Izmir, Turkey
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2
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Erisik D, Ozdil B, Acikgoz E, Asker Abdikan CS, Yesin TK, Aktug H. Differences and Similarities between Colorectal Cancer Cells and Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells: Molecular Insights and Implications. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:30145-30157. [PMID: 37636966 PMCID: PMC10448492 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c02681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Malignant tumors are formed by diverse groups of cancer cells. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a subpopulation of heterogeneous cells identified in tumors that have the ability to self-renew and differentiate. Colorectal cancer (CRC), the third most frequent malignant tumor, is progressively being supported by evidence suggesting that CSCs are crucial in cancer development. We aim to identify molecular differences between CRC cells and CRC CSCs, as well as the effects of those differences on cell behavior in terms of migration, EMT, pluripotency, morphology, cell cycle/control, and epigenetic characteristics. The HT-29 cell line (human colorectal adenocarcinoma) and HT-29 CSCs (HT-29 CD133+/CD44+ cells) were cultured for 72 h. The levels of E-cadherin, KLF4, p53, p21, p16, cyclin D2, HDAC9, and P300 protein expression were determined using immunohistochemistry staining. The migration of cells was assessed by employing the scratch assay technique. Additionally, the scanning electron microscopy method was used to examine the morphological features of the cells, and their peripheral/central elemental ratios were compared with the help of EDS. Furthermore, a Muse cell cycle kit was utilized to determine the cell cycle analysis. The HT-29 CSC group exhibited high levels of expression for E-cadherin, p53, p21, p16, cyclin D2, HDAC9, and P300, whereas KLF4 was found to be high in the HT-29. The two groups did not exhibit any statistically significant differences in the percentages of cell cycle phases. The identification of specific CSC characteristics will allow for earlier cancer detection and the development of more effective precision oncology options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derya Erisik
- Department
of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Berrin Ozdil
- Department
of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
- Department
of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta 32260, Turkey
| | - Eda Acikgoz
- Department
of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, Van 65080, Turkey
| | | | - Taha Kadir Yesin
- Department
of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
| | - Huseyin Aktug
- Department
of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Turkey
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3
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Expression of the Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor (LDLR) Gene Family in CD133+/CD44+ Prostate Cancer Stem Cells. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.1140895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Aim: The low-density lipoprotein receptor gene (LDLR) family plays a fundamental role in many malignancies and may have a putative cancer-boosting function. In our study, we have attempted to comparatively investigate the differential gene expressions of LDLR family in normal prostate epithelial cell line (RWPE-1), prostate cancer cell line (DU145 cell line), prostate cancer stem cells (DU145 CSCs) and non-CSCs (DU145 non-CSCs, bulk population).
Materials and Methods: Cancer stem cells in DU-145 prostate cancer cell line were isolated by flow cytometry according to CD133 and CD44 cell surface properties. Whole transcriptome sequencing data was comprehensively analyzed for each group. The protein-protein interaction network was determined using the STRING protein database.
Results: Our data showed that the expression levels of LRP1, LRP3, LRP8 and LRP11 were increased in the DU145 CSCs relative to the normal prostate epithelial cell line.
Conclusion: Overall, our data suggest that the LRP functions and/or the expression in prostate cancer may ultimately change the invasive phenotype of the CSCs.
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Huang Z, Wang T, Wang C, Fan Y. CDK9 Inhibitors in Cancer Research. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:688-710. [PMID: 35814933 PMCID: PMC9215160 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00040g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclin dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) played an essential role in regulating transcriptional elongation. Aberrations in CDK9 activity have been observed in various cancers, which made CDK9 was an attractive therapeutic...
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Huang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology, Institute of Health and Medical Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei 230031 China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Medicine, Nankai University 94 Weijin Road Tianjin 300071 China
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Saengboonmee C, Detarya M, Sangkhamanon S, Sawanyawisuth K, Seubwai W, Wongkham S. High Glucose Induced Upregulation of Cyclin a Associating with a Short Survival of Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma: A Potential Target for Treatment of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Nutr Cancer 2021; 74:1734-1744. [PMID: 34353198 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1961830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with an increased risk and progression of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). High glucose underlying the association between DM and CCA by modulating the intracellular signaling has been demonstrated. However, the effects of DM and hyperglycemia on cell cycle machineries and progression of CCA remain elucidated. CCA cells, KKU-213A and KKU-213B were cultured in normal (NG, 5.6 mM) or high glucose (HG, 25 mM) resembling euglycemia and hyperglycemia. Western blotting was used to determine expressions of cell cycle machineries in CCA cells. The expression of cyclin A in CCA tissues from patients with or without hyperglycemia was determined by immunohistochemistry. Pan-cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) inhibitor and silencing of cyclin A expression were investigated as a possible modality targeting CCA treatment in patients with DM. High glucose induced expression of cell cycle machinery proteins in both CCA cells. Among these, cyclin A was consistently and significantly upregulated. Nuclear cyclin A was significantly increased in tumor tissues from CCA patients with hyperglycemia and was significantly associated with post-operative survival of shorter than 5 mo. Silencing cyclin A expression sensitized CCA cells to pan-CDKs inhibitor, suggesting the combined treatment as an alternative approach for treatment of CCA patients with DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charupong Saengboonmee
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Marutpong Detarya
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sakkarn Sangkhamanon
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kanlayanee Sawanyawisuth
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Wunchana Seubwai
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.,Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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Grigoreva T, Sagaidak A, Romanova A, Novikova D, Garabadzhiu A, Tribulovich V. Establishment of drug-resistant cell lines under the treatment with chemicals acting through different mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact 2021; 344:109510. [PMID: 33974899 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2021.109510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The problem of chemoresistance development is an inescapable flipside of modern oncotherapy, in particular for сolorectal cancer patients. The search for or development of drugs effective against resistant tumors involves the use of model resistant cell lines in vitro. To obtain such lines, we reproduced the development of chemoresistance of human colon adenocarcinoma cells under the treatment with drugs of different mechanisms, a cytostatic (paclitaxel) and a targeted agent (Nutlin-3a, an inhibitor of p53-Mdm2 protein-protein interaction). In each case, we gradually increased the content of the substance in the medium, starting from effective concentrations that do not cause total cell death. When studying the lines resistant to the corresponding drug, we noted a reduced sensitivity to the drug of another mechanism of action. Analysis of the original and resistant lines showed that the cells use the universal efflux defense mechanism. The observed effect can be partially neutralized using inhibitors of the ABC transport proteins, including P-glycoprotein, known for its oncoprotective function. The role of the latter was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Grigoreva
- St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Moskovskii Prospect, 26, St. Petersburg, 190013, Russia.
| | - Aleksandra Sagaidak
- St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Moskovskii Prospect, 26, St. Petersburg, 190013, Russia
| | - Angelina Romanova
- St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Moskovskii Prospect, 26, St. Petersburg, 190013, Russia
| | - Daria Novikova
- St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Moskovskii Prospect, 26, St. Petersburg, 190013, Russia
| | - Aleksander Garabadzhiu
- St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Moskovskii Prospect, 26, St. Petersburg, 190013, Russia
| | - Viacheslav Tribulovich
- St. Petersburg State Institute of Technology (Technical University), Moskovskii Prospect, 26, St. Petersburg, 190013, Russia
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Tajaldini M, Asadi J. The Use of Bio-Active Compounds of Citrus Fruits as Chemopreventive Agents and Inhibitor of Cancer Cells Viability. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 21:1058-1068. [PMID: 32698740 DOI: 10.2174/1871520620666200721105505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Common therapy of cancer, such as chemotherapy, has various side effects for the patients. In recent studies, new therapeutic approaches in cancer treatment are adjuvant therapy, along with a reduction in side effects of chemotherapy drugs. Treatment by herbal medicines may have some advantages over treatment with single purified chemicals, also in terms of side effects, the use of plants in cancer treatment is a more secure method. Citrus fruits are one of the most consumed natural products in the world due to the presence of various metabolites and bioactive compounds, such as phenols, flavonoids and, carotenoids. Bioactive compounds of citrus modulate signaling pathways and interact with signaling molecules such as apoptotic and cell cycle (P53, P21, etc.) and thus have a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and oxidative stress. The findings discussed in this review strongly support their potential as anti-cancer agents. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to examine the effects of active compounds in citrus as a therapy agent in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahboubeh Tajaldini
- Ischimic Disorder Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Jahanbakhsh Asadi
- Metabolic Disorder Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
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8
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Tiwari A, Modi SJ, Gabhe SY, Kulkarni VM. Evaluation of piperine against cancer stem cells (CSCs) of hepatocellular carcinoma: Insights into epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Bioorg Chem 2021; 110:104776. [PMID: 33743225 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are involved in recurrent hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet there is a lack of effective treatment that targets these CSCs. CD44+ and CD133+ CSCs are markedly expressed in HepG2 cells and were isolated and characterized using fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis. Since piperine is known as an effective molecule against metastasis, we thought to investigate the effect of piperine against CD44+/CD133+ CSCs. Herein, piperine was found to be active against these CSCs. Also, it was found appropriate to respite at the 'subG0/G1 and G0/G1' phase of the cell cycle analysis, respectively. TGF-β activated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) has been involved in the invasion and metastasis of HepG2 cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. Therefore, we next investigated the effect of piperine on different biomarkers that remarkably takes part in the process of EMT using flow cytometric analysis. Piperine was found able to repress the epithelial marker (E-cadherin) but was unable to restore the level of Vimentin (mesenchymal marker) and SNAIL (EMT-inducing transcription factor). Therefore, the findings of this study revealed that piperine could be an effective treatment strategy for recurrent hepatocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anshuly Tiwari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Siddharth J Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Satish Y Gabhe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Vithal M Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune 411038, Maharashtra, India.
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9
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Wang J, Gao J, Xu HL, Qian Y, Xie L, Yu H, Qian BY. Citrus fruit intake and lung cancer risk: A meta-analysis of observational studies. Pharmacol Res 2021; 166:105430. [PMID: 33529754 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the hypothesis that Citrus intake may reduce the risk of lung cancer. DESIGN Meta-analyses of Dichotomy and dose-response relationship. DATA SOURCES We searched online literature databases including PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library to screen relevant articles available up to 27 July 2020. Search terms included (i) Citrus, Fruit, Diet, Dietary; (ii) cancer, neoplasm, tumor (iii)lung; (iv)case-control, cohort, prospective. STUDY SELECTION The selection of studies and the meta-analysis were carried out by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. The following inclusion criteria were chosen: (i) epidemiological studies with case-control or cohort design; (ii) human participants; (iii) studies investigated the relationship between Citrus fruit intake and lung cancer risk; (iv) if data were duplicated in more than two studies, we brought the most recent or all-sided study into this analysis. We collected all full-text articles that met the inclusion criteria. We applied the following exclusion criteria to the full-text articles, including possible articles listed by manual search: (i) there was no represented odds ratio (OR) or relative risk (RR) estimate and its corresponding 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI) (or data to calculate them) for the highest versus lowest levels of Citrus fruit consumption (ii) reviews, systematic reviews and meta-analyses; (iii) there was no data of Citrus fruit intake at the individual level. DATA EXTRACTION Two reviewers independently performed the extraction of data from eligible studies. STATISTICAL METHODS Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % CIs were combined and weighted by the method of "Dersimonian and Laird" to produce pooled ORs using a random-effects model. Moreover, we utilized the method reported by "Longnecker and Greenland" to evaluate linear trends and 95 % CIs by the ORs' natural logs and corresponding CIs from categories of Citrus intake. Finally, we evaluated the risk of publication bias and selection bias by inspecting for asymmetry in the pre-specified funnel plots of the study OR against the standard error of the OR's logarithm and by "Egger's test". RESULTS We included twenty-one studies in the final review. Pooled analyses suggested that those with the highest Citrus fruit intake compared to the lowest intake had a 9% reduction in lung cancer risk [OR 0.91 (95 % CI 0.84-0.98)]. We found a nonlinear association between Citrus intake and lung cancer risk in the dose-response analysis (p = 0.0054) and that the risk reached the minimum (OR = 0.91) around 60 g/d. However, no obvious dose-response association was observed with intakes above 80 g/d. CONCLUSION We found that Citrus fruit intake was negatively associated with the risk of lung cancer. Besides, there was a nonlinear dose-response relationship between Citrus intake and lung cancer risk within a certain range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Hong-Li Xu
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Ying Qian
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Li Xie
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Herbert Yu
- Cancer Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, 701 Ilalo Street, Honolulu, HI, 96813, USA
| | - Bi-Yun Qian
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital / Clinical Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 227, South Chongqing Road, Shanghai, 200025, China; Shanghai Clinical Research Promotion and Development Center, Shanghai Shenkang Hospital Development Center, No. 2 Kangding Road, Shanghai, 200041, China.
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10
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Liu Q, Gu J, Zhang E, He L, Yuan ZX. Targeted Delivery of Therapeutics to Urological Cancer Stem Cells. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2038-2056. [PMID: 32250210 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200403131514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Urological cancer refers to cancer in organs of the urinary system and the male reproductive system. It mainly includes prostate cancer, bladder cancer, renal cancer, etc., seriously threatening patients' survival. Although there are many advances in the treatment of urological cancer, approved targeted therapies often result in tumor recurrence and therapy failure. An increasing amount of evidence indicated that cancer stem cells (CSCs) with tumor-initiating ability were the source of treatment failure in urological cancer. The development of CSCstargeted strategy can provide a possibility for the complete elimination of urological cancer. This review is based on a search of PubMed, Google scholar and NIH database (http://ClinicalTrials.gov/) for English language articles containing the terms: "biomarkers", "cancer stem cells", "targeting/targeted therapy", "prostate cancer", bladder cancer" and "kidney cancer". We summarized the biomarkers and stem cell features of the prostate, bladder and renal CSCs, outlined the targeted strategies for urological CSCs from signaling pathways, cytokines, angiogenesis, surface markers, elimination therapy, differentiation therapy, immunotherapy, microRNA, nanomedicine, etc., and highlighted the prospects and future challenges in this research field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Yaopharma Co., Ltd. Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Gu
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - E Zhang
- Officers college of PAP, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lili He
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yuan
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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11
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Modi SJ, Kulkarni VM. Discovery of VEGFR-2 inhibitors exerting significant anticancer activity against CD44+ and CD133+ cancer stem cells (CSCs): Reversal of TGF-β induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in hepatocellular carcinoma. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 207:112851. [PMID: 33002846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a malignancy characterized by neoangiogenesis, which is an augmented production of proangiogenic factors by the tumor and its adjacent infected cells. These dysregulated angiogenic factors are the therapeutic targets in anti-angiogenic drug development. The signaling pathway of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)/VEGFR-2 is crucial for controlling the angiogenic responses in endothelial cells (ECs). In this study, we carried out a rational drug design approach wherein we have identified the novel orally bioavailable compound VS 8 as a potent VEGFR-2 inhibitor, which remarkably suppresses hVEGF and hVEGFR-2 expression in HUVECs and exhibits significant anti-angiogenic effects in CAM assay. Besides, VS 8 significantly induces apoptosis in HCC cell line (Hep G2). Later we examined its effectiveness against CD44+ and CD133+ CSCs. Here, VS 8 was found to be active against CSCs, and adequate for the cessation of the cell cycle at 'G0/G1' and 'S' phase in CD44+ and CD133+ CSCs respectively. Factually, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) stimulated epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) induces invasion and migration of HCC cells, which results in the metastasis. Therefore, we studied the effect of VS 8 on EMT markers using flow cytometry, which suggested that VS 8 significantly upregulates E-cadherin (epithelial biomarker) and downregulates vimentin (mesenchymal biomarker). Further, VS 8 downregulates the expression of EMT-inducing transcription factors (EMT-TFs), i.e., SNAIL. Altogether, our findings indicate that VS 8 could be a promising drug candidate for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddharth J Modi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vithal M Kulkarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Pune, 411038, Maharashtra, India.
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12
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Sp N, Kang DY, Jo ES, Rugamba A, Kim WS, Park YM, Hwang DY, Yoo JS, Liu Q, Jang KJ, Yang YM. Tannic Acid Promotes TRAIL-Induced Extrinsic Apoptosis by Regulating Mitochondrial ROS in Human Embryonic Carcinoma Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E282. [PMID: 31979292 PMCID: PMC7072125 DOI: 10.3390/cells9020282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
: Human embryonic carcinoma (EC; NCCIT) cells have self-renewal ability and pluripotency. Cancer stem cell markers are highly expressed in NCCIT cells, imparting them with the pluripotent nature to differentiate into other cancer types, including breast cancer. As one of the main cancer stem cell pathways, Wnt/β-catenin is also overexpressed in NCCIT cells. Thus, inhibition of these pathways defines the ability of a drug to target cancer stem cells. Tannic acid (TA) is a natural polyphenol present in foods, fruits, and vegetables that has anti-cancer activity. Through Western blotting and PCR, we demonstrate that TA inhibits cancer stem cell markers and the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in NCCIT cells and through a fluorescence-activated cell sorting analysis we demonstrated that TA induces sub-G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. The mechanism underlying this is the induction of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) (mROS), which then induce the tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL)-mediated extrinsic apoptosis pathway instead of intrinsic mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Moreover, ribonucleic acid sequencing data with TA in NCCIT cells show an elevation in TRAIL-induced extrinsic apoptosis, which we confirm by Western blotting and real-time PCR. The induction of human TRAIL also proves that TA can induce extrinsic apoptosis in NCCIT cells by regulating mROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nipin Sp
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (N.S.); (D.Y.K.); (E.S.J.); (A.R.); (W.S.K.)
| | - Dong Young Kang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (N.S.); (D.Y.K.); (E.S.J.); (A.R.); (W.S.K.)
| | - Eun Seong Jo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (N.S.); (D.Y.K.); (E.S.J.); (A.R.); (W.S.K.)
| | - Alexis Rugamba
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (N.S.); (D.Y.K.); (E.S.J.); (A.R.); (W.S.K.)
| | - Wan Seop Kim
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (N.S.); (D.Y.K.); (E.S.J.); (A.R.); (W.S.K.)
| | - Yeong-Min Park
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea;
| | - Dae-Yong Hwang
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Ji-Seung Yoo
- Department of Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-0808, Japan;
| | - Qing Liu
- Jilin Green food Engineering Research Institute, Changchun 130000, Jilin, China;
| | - Kyoung-Jin Jang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (N.S.); (D.Y.K.); (E.S.J.); (A.R.); (W.S.K.)
| | - Young Mok Yang
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Institute of Biomedical Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (N.S.); (D.Y.K.); (E.S.J.); (A.R.); (W.S.K.)
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13
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Fernández-Tomé S, Xu F, Han Y, Hernández-Ledesma B, Xiao H. Inhibitory Effects of Peptide Lunasin in Colorectal Cancer HCT-116 Cells and Their Tumorsphere-Derived Subpopulation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21020537. [PMID: 31947688 PMCID: PMC7014180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21020537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The involvement of cancer stem-like cells (CSC) in the tumor pathogenesis has profound implications for cancer therapy and chemoprevention. Lunasin is a bioactive peptide from soybean and other vegetal sources with proven protective activities against cancer and other chronic diseases. The present study focused on the cytotoxic effect of peptide lunasin in colorectal cancer HCT-116 cells, both the bulk tumor and the CSC subpopulations. Lunasin inhibited the proliferation and the tumorsphere-forming capacity of HCT-116 cells. Flow cytometry results demonstrated that the inhibitory effects were related to apoptosis induction and cell cycle-arrest at G1 phase. Moreover, lunasin caused an increase in the sub-GO/G1 phase of bulk tumor cells, linked to the apoptotic events found. Immunoblotting analysis further showed that lunasin induced apoptosis through activation of caspase-3 and cleavage of PARP, and could modulate cell cycle progress through the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Together, these results provide new evidence on the chemopreventive activity of peptide lunasin on colorectal cancer by modulating both the parental and the tumorsphere-derived subsets of HCT-116 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Fernández-Tomé
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM CEI UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (F.X.); (Y.H.)
| | - Fei Xu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (F.X.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yanhui Han
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (F.X.); (Y.H.)
| | - Blanca Hernández-Ledesma
- Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL, CSIC-UAM CEI UAM+CSIC), Nicolás Cabrera, 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain;
- Correspondence: (B.H.-L.); (H.X.); Tel.: +34 910017970 (B.H.-L.); +1 413-545-2281 (H.X.)
| | - Hang Xiao
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA; (F.X.); (Y.H.)
- Correspondence: (B.H.-L.); (H.X.); Tel.: +34 910017970 (B.H.-L.); +1 413-545-2281 (H.X.)
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14
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Acikgoz E, Tatar C, Oktem G. Triptolide inhibits CD133 + /CD44 + colon cancer stem cell growth and migration through triggering apoptosis and represses epithelial-mesenchymal transition via downregulating expressions of snail, slug, and twist. J Cell Biochem 2020; 121:3313-3324. [PMID: 31904143 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
High recurrence and metastatic behavior patterns are the most important reasons for the failure of treatment strategies in patients with colon cancer. Cancer stem cells (CSCs), which are considered root of cancer, are thought to be associated with therapy resistance, relapse, and metastasis, and, therefore, targeting CSCs rather than the bulk population may be an effective approach. In cancer studies, there is an increasing interest in close friendship between epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and CSCs. Triptolide (TPL) isolated from Chinese herb Tripterygium wilfordii has important effects on the prevention of migration and metastasis as well as cytotoxic effect against cancer cells. The potential lethal efficacy of TPL on CSCs that is highly resistant to the drug is an unsolved mystery. Fundamentally, the present study basically aims to find answers to two questions: (a) is it possible to target colon CSCs with TPL? and (b) what are the mechanisms underlying TPL's potential to eliminate CSCs? Cytotoxic effects of TPL on CSCs were evaluated by WST-1 and Muse count and viability assays. Apoptosis assay and cell-cycle analysis were performed to investigate the inhibitory effect of TPL. Moreover, the effects of TPL on spheroid formation capacity, migration, and EMT processes, which are associated with CSC phenotype, were also investigated. The results revealed that TPL triggered cell death and apoptosis and altered cell cycle distribution. Moreover, TPL significantly reduced the snail slug and twist expressions associated with EMT. TPL has been shown to be effective in colon CSCs by in vitro experiments, and it might be a highly effective agent against colon cancer has been implicated in need of supporting in vivo and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Acikgoz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Van, Turkey
| | - Cansu Tatar
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gulperi Oktem
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Science, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.,Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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15
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Nam GH, Jo KJ, Park YS, Kawk HW, Kim SY, Kim YM. In vitro and in vivo Induction of p53-Dependent Apoptosis by Extract of Euryale ferox Salisb in A549 Human Caucasian Lung Carcinoma Cancer Cells Is Mediated Through Akt Signaling Pathway. Front Oncol 2019; 9:406. [PMID: 31192119 PMCID: PMC6540844 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.00406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of death, and mortality rates have steadily been increasing. Recently, several studies were conducted to develop novel, physiologically active compounds from medicinal plant extracts. Several plant-derived extracts and molecules regulate and inhibit signaling molecules associated with the growth and proliferation of cancer cells. Euryale ferox salisb is a medicinal plant that is effective against different types of cancers. In this study, we investigated the apoptotic effects of E. ferox salisb extract (ESE) in A549 lung cancer cells, exerted by the inhibition of the Akt protein and activation of the p53 protein. Our results show that ESE induces apoptosis via the regulation of mitochondrial outer membrane potential and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). We demonstrate that apoptosis is induced in a p53-dependent manner when cells are treated with pifithrin-α (a p53 inhibitor) and LY294002 (an Akt inhibitor). The apoptotic effects from ESE were observed in vivo in Balb/c-nu mice bearing A549 xenografts. Altogether, these results suggest that E. ferox salisb extracts exert anti-cancer effects in a p53-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gun-He Nam
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Jo Jo
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ye-Seul Park
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hye Won Kawk
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Sang-Yong Kim
- Department of Food Science and Bio Technology, Shinansan University, Ansan, South Korea
| | - Young-Min Kim
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Nano Technology, Hannam University, Daejeon, South Korea
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16
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Saisomboon S, Kariya R, Vaeteewoottacharn K, Wongkham S, Sawanyawisuth K, Okada S. Antitumor effects of flavopiridol, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, on human cholangiocarcinoma in vitro and in an in vivo xenograft model. Heliyon 2019; 5:e01675. [PMID: 31193061 PMCID: PMC6515137 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavopiridol, a pan-cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor, was recently identified as an effective antitumor agent for several cancers. We investigated the antitumor effect of flavopiridol on cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), in vitro and in vivo. A methylthiotetrazole assay revealed that the proliferation of certain CCA cells was inhibited by flavopiridol, which induced the caspase-dependent apoptosis of CCA cells. Although increased cell cycle arrest was observed at the G2/M phase, caspase activation occurred earlier than 24 h, indicating that caspase-dependent apoptosis is the major pathway for the suppression of cell proliferation. Flavopiridol potently reduced the CCA tumor growth in a xenograft model without observable adverse effects. These findings indicated that flavopiridol could be a potential antitumor agent for the treatment of CCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saowaluk Saisomboon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Ryusho Kariya
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kulthida Vaeteewoottacharn
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Sopit Wongkham
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kanlayanee Sawanyawisuth
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Corresponding author.
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Barzegar Behrooz
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Amir Syahir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Syahida Ahmad
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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18
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Sensitization of prostate cancer to radiation therapy: Molecules and pathways to target. Radiother Oncol 2018; 128:283-300. [PMID: 29929859 DOI: 10.1016/j.radonc.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Radiation therapy is used to treat cancer by radiation-induced DNA damage. Despite the best efforts to eliminate cancer, some cancer cells survive irradiation, resulting in cancer progression or recurrence. Alteration in DNA damage repair pathways is common in cancers, resulting in modulation of their response to radiation. This article focuses on the recent findings about molecules and pathways that potentially can be targeted to sensitize prostate cancer cells to ionizing radiation, thereby achieving an improved therapeutic outcome.
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19
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Kanwal R, Shukla S, Walker E, Gupta S. Acquisition of tumorigenic potential and therapeutic resistance in CD133+ subpopulation of prostate cancer cells exhibiting stem-cell like characteristics. Cancer Lett 2018; 430:25-33. [PMID: 29775627 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The role of CD133 (Prominin-1) as a cancer stem cell marker may be useful for therapeutic approaches and prognostication in prostate cancer patients. We investigated the stem-cell-related function and biological features of a subpopulation of CD133+ cells isolated from established primary human prostate cancer cell lines. The CD133+ cells sorted from human prostate cancer 22Rv1 exhibited high clonogenic and tumorigenic capabilities, sphere forming capacity and serially reinitiated transplantable tumors in NOD-SCID mice. Gene profiling analysis of CD133+ cells showed upregulation of markers of stem cell differentiation (CD44, Oct4, SOX9 and Nanog), epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (c-myc and BMI1), osteoblastic differentiation (Runx2), and skeletal morphogenesis (BMP2), compared to side population of CD133- cells. These cells are highly malignant and resistant to γ-radiation and chemotherapeutic drug, docetaxel. Importantly, a docetaxel-resistant subclone was more enriched in CD133+ cells with significant increase in Runx2 expression, compared to CD133- cells. Furthermore, knockdown of Runx2 in these cells resulted in differential response to chemotherapy, sensitizing them to increased cell death. These results demonstrate therapy-resistant population with stem-like features are distinct subpopulation of malignant cells that resides within parental cell lines. The molecular signature of CD133+ cells may lead to identification of novel therapeutic targets and prognostic markers in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajnee Kanwal
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Sanjeev Shukla
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Ethan Walker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA
| | - Sanjay Gupta
- Department of Urology, Case Western Reserve University, School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; The Urology Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Department of Urology, Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Department of Nutrition, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA; Division of General Medical Sciences, Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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20
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Zocchi L, Wu SC, Wu J, Hayama KL, Benavente CA. The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor flavopiridol (alvocidib) inhibits metastasis of human osteosarcoma cells. Oncotarget 2018; 9:23505-23518. [PMID: 29805751 PMCID: PMC5955096 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant neoplasm of bone and typically occurs in children and young adults. As a highly metastatic malignancy, 15–20% of osteosarcoma patients are diagnosed after the tumor has already metastasized (typically to the lungs), which translates to 5-year survival rates of <40%. Here, we tested the effect of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor flavopiridol (alvocidib) in U2OS, SaOS-2, SJSA-1, and 143B osteosarcoma tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. Our results show that flavopiridol can drastically decrease survival in these osteosarcoma cell lines at nanomolar concentrations and induce mitotic catastrophe in p53-null osteosarcomas. We also performed transcriptome analysis (RNA-seq) of flavopiridol-treated osteosarcoma cells, which revealed significant changes in genes coding for proteins involved in cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesions, including cadherin 3 (CDH3) and 4 (CDH4). These transcriptional changes translated to a striking reduction in the ability of osteosarcoma cells to migrate and invade in vitro. Further, in vivo assessment of the effects of flavopiridol on osteosarcoma metastasis resulted in a significant reduction in the number of lung metastases in mice treated with flavopiridol at concentrations that are physiologically tolerable. This study suggests that flavopiridol, likely in combination with other cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, may be a promising drug for the treatment of osteosarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loredana Zocchi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Stephanie C Wu
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Jie Wu
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ken L Hayama
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Claudia A Benavente
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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21
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SOX2OT variant 7 contributes to the synergistic interaction between EGCG and Doxorubicin to kill osteosarcoma via autophagy and stemness inhibition. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:37. [PMID: 29475441 PMCID: PMC6389193 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0689-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin is the preferred chemotherapeuticdrug for osteosarcoma treatment of which clinical efficacy is limited because of its chemo-resistance and cardiac toxicity. It is necessary to develop the combination regimen with complementary molecular mechanisms to reduce the side effects and enhance sensitivity of Doxorubicin. EGCG is a polyphenol in green tea with antitumor bioactivity,which has been found that its combination with certain chemotherapeutic drugs could improve the antitumor efficiency. METHODS In this study, MTT assay was used to detect the cell growth inhibition The CD133+/CD44+ cells were isolated from U2OS and SaoS2 cell lines using magnetic-activated cell sorting and identified by flow cytometry analysis. qRT-PCR was used for determining the relative mRNA levels of key genes. Immunofluorescence was performed to evaluate the autophagy flux alterations. Self-renewal ability was accessed by sphere-forming assay. Tumorigenicity in nude mice was preformed to evaluate tumorigenicity in vivo. RESULTS We found that EGCG targeting LncRNA SOX2OT variant 7 produced synergistic effects with Doxorubicin on osteosarcoma cell growth inhibition. On the one hand, EGCG could reduce the Doxorubicin-induced pro-survival autophagy through decreasing SOX2OT variant 7 to improve the growth inhibition of Doxorubicin. On the other hand, EGCG could partially inactivate Notch3/DLL3 signaling cascade targeting SOX2OT variant 7 to reduce the stemness then abated drug-resistance of osteosarcoma cells. CONCLUSIONS This study will help to reveal the molecular mechanisms of synergistic effects of EGCG and Doxorubicin on OS chemotherapy and improve the clinical efficacy of chemotherapy as well as provide a basis for developing antitumor drugs targeting osteosarcoma stem cells.
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22
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Tian X, Tao F, Zhang B, Dong JT, Zhang Z. The miR-203/SNAI2 axis regulates prostate tumor growth, migration, angiogenesis and stemness potentially by modulating GSK-3β/β-CATENIN signal pathway. IUBMB Life 2018; 70:224-236. [PMID: 29389061 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of microRNA expression plays a pivotal role in the initiation and progression of a variety of human carcinomas including prostate cancer. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the silence of miR-203 contributes to the invasiveness of malignant breast cancer cells by targeting SNAI2. However, the effects and underlying mechanisms of miR-203/SNAI2 axis in prostate cancer have not been elucidated. The aim of this study is to explore the effects of miR-203/SNAI2 axis on the biological characteristics of prostate carcinomas both in vitro and in vivo. We found that miR-203 was significantly downregulated in prostate cancer cell lines compared with immortalized prostate epithelial cells using semi-quantitative PCR and real-time PCR, as well as in clinical prostate cancer tissues compared to normal tissues using TCGA analysis. Functionally, miR-203 inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation, migration, endothelial cell tube formation and cancer stemness in vitro. Meanwhile, overexpression of miR-203 suppressed SNAI2 expression both in DU145 and PC3 cells. In addition, the in vivo study showed that miR-203 suppressed tumorigenicity, metastasis and angiogenesis of DU145 cells. Ectopic expression of SNAI2 rescued the inhibitory effects of miR-203 both in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, the EMT markers CDH1 and VIMENTIN were modulated by the miR-203/SNAI2 axis. Furthermore, the GSK-3β/β-CATENIN signal pathway was suppressed by miR-203 and could be reactivated by SNAI2. Taken together, this research unveiled the function of miR-203/SNAI2 axis in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, stemness, metastasis and GSK-3β/β-CATENIN signal pathway in prostate cancer and gave insights into miR-203/SNAI2-targeting therapy for prostate cancer patients. © 2018 IUBMB Life, 70(3):224-236, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Tian
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine (TJAB), Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University and Texas AgriLife Research, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Fangfang Tao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Basic Medical College, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Baotong Zhang
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jin-Tang Dong
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine, Emory Winship Cancer Institute, Atlanta, GA, USA.,Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhiqian Zhang
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine (TJAB), Tianjin, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
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23
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González Torres M, Cerna Cortez J, Balam Muñoz Soto R, Ríos Perez A, Pfeiffer H, Leyva Gómez G, Zúñiga Ramos J, Rivera AL. Synthesis of gamma radiation-induced PEGylated cisplatin for cancer treatment. RSC Adv 2018; 8:34718-34725. [PMID: 35548615 PMCID: PMC9086999 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra06296j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of gamma radiation-induced PEGylated cisplatin paves the way to a new alternative PEGylation of small drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maykel González Torres
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey
- Mexico
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología
- Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación “Luís Guillermo Ibarra Ibarra”
| | - Jorge Cerna Cortez
- Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla
- Facultad de Química
- Puebla
- Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Balam Muñoz Soto
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey
- Mexico
| | - Alfonso Ríos Perez
- Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias
- Instituto Tecnológico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey
- Mexico
| | - Heriberto Pfeiffer
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Materiales
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - Gerardo Leyva Gómez
- Facultad de Química
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad de México 04510
- Mexico
| | - Joaquín Zúñiga Ramos
- Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosío Villegas
- Ciudad de México
- Mexico
| | - Ana Leonor Rivera
- Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
- Ciudad de México 04510
- Mexico
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24
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Zhang H, Zheng J, Shen H, Huang Y, Liu T, Xi H, Chen C. Curcumin Suppresses In Vitro Proliferation and Invasion of Human Prostate Cancer Stem Cells by Modulating DLK1-DIO3 Imprinted Gene Cluster MicroRNAs. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2018; 22:43-50. [PMID: 29172709 DOI: 10.1089/gtmb.2017.0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Zheng
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongliang Shen
- Department of Urology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongyi Huang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Hao Xi
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Chen Y, Sun W, He R, Zhang F, Wang H, Li P, Shao RG, Xu X. Lidamycin decreases CD133 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma via the Notch signaling pathway. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7889-7895. [PMID: 29344233 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cluster of differentiation (CD)133 is considered a molecular marker of cancer stem cells in hepatocellular carcinoma. In the present study, the effect of lidamycin (LDM) on CD133 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (Huh7 cells) was evaluated and the potential molecular mechanism was investigated. Flow cytometry analysis, as well as sorting, sphere formation and western-blot assays, were performed in vitro to explore the effects of LDM on CD133 expression. A subcutaneous tumor model in nude mice was used to observe the effects of LDM on tumor volume and CD133 protein in vivo. To investigate the potential underlying molecular mechanism, Notch signaling pathway activity was detected by western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The proportion of CD133+ cells and the expression of CD133 protein were revealed to be downregulated by LDM. Sphere formation of sorted CD133+ cells was suppressed 7 days after LDM treatment. In addition, LDM inhibited tumor volume formed from sorted CD133+ cells and CD133 protein level in vivo. LDM decreased the mRNA level of NOTCH1, Hes1 (Hes family BHLH transcription factor 1) and Hey1 (Hes-related family BHLH transcription factor with YRPW motif 1) genes; consequently, the protein expression of NOTCH1, Notch intracellular domain, Hes1 and Hey1 was decreased by LDM. Downregulation of the Notch signaling pathway by LDM was enhanced through combination with N-[N-(3,5-difluorophenacetyl)-L-alanyl]-S-phenylglycine t-butyl ester. In brief, these data suggest that LDM suppresses CD133 expression via the Notch signaling pathway, indicating the potential mechanism of LDM on CD133 and the benefits for further clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Wenwei Sun
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Ran He
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Feiyan Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Panhong Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
| | - Rong-Guang Shao
- Laboratory of Oncology, Ministry of Health Key Laboratory of Antibiotic Bioengineering, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, P.R. China
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Erol A, Acikgoz E, Guven U, Duzagac F, Turkkani A, Colcimen N, Oktem G. Ribosome biogenesis mediates antitumor activity of flavopiridol in CD44 +/CD24 - breast cancer stem cells. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:6433-6440. [PMID: 29422957 PMCID: PMC5770605 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavopiridol is a synthetically produced flavonoid that potently inhibits the proliferation of human tumor cell lines. Flavopiridol exerts strong antitumor activity via several mechanisms, including the induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, and the modulation of transcriptional regulation. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of flavopiridol on a subpopulation of cluster of differentiation (CD)44+/CD24− human breast cancer MCF7 stem cells. The CD44+/CD24− cells were isolated from the MCF7 cell line by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and treated with 100, 300, 500, 750 and 1,000 nM flavopiridol for 24, 48 and 72 h. Cell viability and proliferation assays were performed to determine the inhibitory effect of flavopiridol. Gene expression profiling was analyzed using Illumina Human HT-12 v4 Expression BeadChip microarray. According to the results, the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of flavopiridol was 500 nM in monolayer cells. Flavopiridol induced growth inhibition and cytotoxicity in breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) at the IC50 dose. The present study revealed several differentially regulated genes between flavopiridol-treated and untreated cells. The result of the pathway analysis revealed that flavopiridol serves an important role in translation, the ribosome biogenesis pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, the electron transport chain pathway, carbon metabolism and cell cycle. A notable result from the present study is that ribosome-associated gene expression is significantly affected by flavopiridol treatment. The data of the present study indicate that flavopiridol exhibits antitumor activity against CD44+/CD24− MCF7 BCSCs through different mechanisms, mainly by inhibiting translation and the ribosome biogenesis pathway, and could be an effective chemotherapeutic molecule to target and kill BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Erol
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Eda Acikgoz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, 65000 Van, Turkey.,Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ummu Guven
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Fahriye Duzagac
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayten Turkkani
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, 06560 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nese Colcimen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yil University, 65000 Van, Turkey
| | - Gulperi Oktem
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, 06560 Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Ege University, 35100 Izmir, Turkey
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Liu T, Chi H, Chen J, Chen C, Huang Y, Xi H, Xue J, Si Y. Curcumin suppresses proliferation and in vitro invasion of human prostate cancer stem cells by ceRNA effect of miR-145 and lncRNA-ROR. Gene 2017; 631:29-38. [PMID: 28843521 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Revised: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have demonstrated that curcumin can effectively inhibit the proliferation, invasion, and tumorigenesis of prostate cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. In this study, CD44+/CD133+ human prostate cancer stem cells (HuPCaSCs) were isolated from the prostate cancer cell lines Du145 and 22RV1. Curcumin treatment of these cells resulted in the inhibition of in vitro proliferation and invasion, and cell cycle arrest. The expression levels of cell cycle proteins (Ccnd1 and Cdk4) and stem cell markers (Oct4, CD44, and CD133) were decreased in curcumin-treated HuPCaSCs. Microarray analysis and northern blotting assays indicated that miR-145 was overexpressed in curcumin-treated HuPCaSCs. Insights of the mechanism of competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) were gained from bioinformatic analysis, bioinformatics analysis and luciferase activity assays showed that the lncRNA-ROR and Oct4 mRNA both contain miR-145 binding sites, and Oct4 and lncRNA-ROR directly compete for microRNA binding. Curcumin induced high miR-145 expression and inhibited the expression of lncRNA-ROR. The tumorigenicity of curcumin- treated HuPCaSCs in nude mice was significantly reduced. In summary, reducing the expression of endogenous lncRNA-ROR could effectively increase the available concentration of miR-145 in HuPCaSCs, where miR-145 prevents cell proliferation by decreasing Oct4 expression. In particular, we hypothesized that lncRNA-ROR may act as a ceRNA, effectively becoming a sink for miR-145, thereby activating the derepression of core transcription factors Oct4. Thus, curcumin suppresses the proliferation, in vitro invasion, and tumorigenicity of HuPCaSCs through ceRNA effect of miR-145 and lncRNA-ROR caused.
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Affiliation(s)
- Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China; Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven 06520, USA; Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China.
| | - Huiying Chi
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jiulin Chen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Yongyi Huang
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Hao Xi
- Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Medical School, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Jun Xue
- Division of Nephrology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Yibing Si
- Nursing Department, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China.
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Torquato HFV, Goettert MI, Justo GZ, Paredes-Gamero EJ. Anti-Cancer Phytometabolites Targeting Cancer Stem Cells. Curr Genomics 2017; 18:156-174. [PMID: 28367074 PMCID: PMC5345336 DOI: 10.2174/1389202917666160803162309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 12/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants are a plentiful source of bioactive molecules with much structural diversity. In cancer treatment, molecules obtained from plants represent an attractive alternative to other treatments because several plant-derived compounds have exhibited lower toxicity and higher selectivity against cancer cells. In this review, we focus on the possible application of bioactive molecules obtained from plants against more primitive cell populations in cancers, cancer stem cells. Cancer stem cells are present in several kinds of tumors and are responsible for recurrences and metastases. Common anti-cancer drugs exhibit lower effectiveness against cancer stem cells because of their biological features. However, recently discovered natural phytometabolites exert cytotoxic effects on this rare population of cells in cancers. Therefore, this review presents the latest research on promising compounds from plants that can act as antitumor drugs and that mainly affect stem cell populations in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heron F V Torquato
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Campus São Paulo), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Márcia I Goettert
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Centro Universitário Univates, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Giselle Z Justo
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Campus São Paulo), São Paulo, Brazil;; Departamento de Ciências Biológicas (Campus Diadema), Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edgar J Paredes-Gamero
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (Campus São Paulo), São Paulo, Brazil;; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Bioquímica, Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, São Paulo, Brazil
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29
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Martin AR, Ronco C, Demange L, Benhida R. Hypoxia inducible factor down-regulation, cancer and cancer stem cells (CSCs): ongoing success stories. MEDCHEMCOMM 2017; 8:21-52. [PMID: 30108689 PMCID: PMC6071925 DOI: 10.1039/c6md00432f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In cancers, hypoxia inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is an over-expressed transcription factor, which regulates a large set of genes involved in tumour vascularization, metastases, and cancer stem cells (CSCs) formation and self-renewal. This protein has been identified as a relevant target in oncology and several HIF-1 modulators are now marketed or in advanced clinical trials. The purpose of this review is to summarize the advances in the understanding of its regulation and its inhibition, from the medicinal chemist point of view. To this end, we selected in the recent literature relevant examples of "hit" compounds, including small-sized organic molecules, pseudopeptides and nano-drugs, exhibiting in vitro and/or in vivo both anti-HIF-1 and anti-tumour activities. Whenever possible, a particular emphasis has been dedicated to compounds that selectively target CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony R Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272 - 06108 Nice , France . ; ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
| | - Cyril Ronco
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272 - 06108 Nice , France . ; ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
| | - Luc Demange
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272 - 06108 Nice , France . ; ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
- UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques , Université Paris Descartes , Sorbonne Paris Cité , 4 avenue de l'Observatoire , Paris Fr-75006 , France
- UFR Biomédicale des Saints Pères , 45 rue des Saints Pères , Paris Fr-75006 , France
| | - Rachid Benhida
- Université Côte d'Azur , CNRS , Institut de Chimie de Nice UMR 7272 - 06108 Nice , France . ; ; ; Tel: +33 4 92076143
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30
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Rahaman MH, Kumarasiri M, Mekonnen LB, Yu M, Diab S, Albrecht H, Milne RW, Wang S. Targeting CDK9: a promising therapeutic opportunity in prostate cancer. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:T211-T226. [PMID: 27582311 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinase 9 (CDK9) is a key transcriptional regulator and a lucrative target for cancer treatment. Targeting CDK9 can effectively confine the hyperactivity of androgen receptor and the constitutive expression of anti-apoptotic proteins; both being main causes of prostate cancer (PCa) development and progression. In castrate-resistant PCa, traditional therapies that only target androgen receptor (AR) have become obsolete due to reprograming in AR activity to make the cells independent of androgen. CDK9 inhibitors may provide a new and better therapeutic opportunity over traditional treatment options by targeting both androgen receptor activity and anti-apoptotic proteins, improving the chances of positive outcomes, especially in patients with the advanced disease. This review focuses on biological functions of CDK9, its involvement with AR and the potential for therapeutic opportunities in PCa treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Laychiluh B Mekonnen
- Centre for Drug Discovery and DevelopmentSansom Institute for Health Research and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Mingfeng Yu
- Centre for Drug Discovery and DevelopmentSansom Institute for Health Research and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah Diab
- Centre for Drug Discovery and DevelopmentSansom Institute for Health Research and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Hugo Albrecht
- Centre for Drug Discovery and DevelopmentSansom Institute for Health Research and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Robert W Milne
- Centre for Drug Discovery and DevelopmentSansom Institute for Health Research and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Shudong Wang
- Centre for Drug Discovery and DevelopmentSansom Institute for Health Research and School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
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31
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Mi G, Gao Y, Liu S, Ye E, Li Y, Jin X, Yang H, Yang Z. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor flavopiridol promotes remyelination in a cuprizone induced demyelination model. Cell Cycle 2016; 15:2780-91. [PMID: 27580304 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2016.1220458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The cuprizone (CPZ) model has been widely used for the studies of de-and remyelination. The CPZ-exposed mice show oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) increase and mature oligodendrocytes decrease, suggesting an imbalance between proliferation and differentiation of OPCs. In the first experiment of this study, we examined the expression of cell cycle related genes in brains of mice following CPZ administration for 5 weeks by means of microarray assay. In addition, we performed a double labeling of BrdU and Ki-67 to calculate cell cycle exit index in the mice. Our results showed that CPZ administration up-regulated the expression of 16 cell cycle related genes, but down-regulated the expression of only one in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of mice compared to control group. The treatment inhibited potential precursor cells exit from cell cycle. In the second experiment, we evaluated effects of a CDK inhibitor flavopiridol (FLA) on CPZ-induced neuropathological changes and spatial working memory impairment in mice.FLA treatment for one week effectively attenuated the CPZ-induced increases in NG2 positive cells, microglia and astrocytes, alleviated the concurrent mature oligodendrocyte loss and myelin breakdown, and improved spatial working memory deficit in the CPZ-exposed mice. These results suggest that CPZ-induced neuropathological changes involve in dysregulation of cell cycle related genes. The therapeutic effects of FLA on CPZ-exposed mice may be related to its ability of cell cycle inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyun Mi
- a Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Yunyun Gao
- b The 89 Hospital of PLA , WeiFang City Shandong Province , China
| | - Shuai Liu
- a Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Enmao Ye
- a Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Yanyan Li
- a Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Xiao Jin
- a Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Hongju Yang
- a Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Haidian District, Beijing , China
| | - Zheng Yang
- a Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences , Haidian District, Beijing , China
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Wiernik PH. Alvocidib (flavopiridol) for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2016; 25:729-34. [PMID: 26998706 DOI: 10.1517/13543784.2016.1169273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alvocidib, which has orphan drug designation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) from the FDA and the EMA, is a plant-derived semisynthetic flavone that acts as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor. It induces apoptosis in CLL cells in vitro and was introduced into clinical trials in CLL as an intravenous infusion in 1997, which proved disappointing. Since the drug avidly binds to plasma proteins, higher serum concentrations were required for clinical antileukemia activity than those suggested by in vitro studies. Subsequent studies utilizing bolus plus infusional doses revealed significant activity against CLL, even in patients with unfavorable characteristics. However, significant toxicity including high rates of major tumor lysis syndrome, cytokine release syndrome and secretory diarrhea were also observed. AREAS COVERED The chemistry, pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetics and metabolism of alvocidib are briefly discussed and phase I-II studies in CLL are discussed in detail. To date, no phase III studies in CLL have been reported. EXPERT OPINION A number of much less toxic drugs with similar efficacy against CLL both with and without unfavorable cytogenetics have come to market. Furthermore, enthusiasm for the development of alvocidib as a single agent for the treatment of CLL has waned, primarily due to its toxicity.
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Prostate Cancer Stem Cells: Viewing Signaling Cascades at a Finer Resolution. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2016; 64:217-23. [DOI: 10.1007/s00005-016-0383-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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