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Shen W, Zhang Z, Ma J, Lu D, Lyu L. The Ubiquitin Proteasome System and Skin Fibrosis. Mol Diagn Ther 2021; 25:29-40. [PMID: 33433895 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-020-00509-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is a highly conserved way to regulate protein turnover in cells. The UPS hydrolyzes and destroys variant or misfolded proteins and finely regulates proteins involved in differentiation, apoptosis, and other biological processes. This system is a key regulatory factor in the proliferation, differentiation, and collagen secretion of skin fibroblasts. E3 ubiquitin protein ligases Parkin and NEDD4 regulate multiple signaling pathways in keloid. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 4 (TRAF4) binding with deubiquitinase USP10 can induce p53 destabilization and promote keloid-derived fibroblast proliferation. The UPS participates in the occurrence and development of hypertrophic scars by regulating the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β/Smad signaling pathway. An initial study suggests that TNFα-induced protein 3 (TNFAIP3) polymorphisms may be significantly associated with scleroderma susceptibility in individuals of Caucasian descent. Sumoylation and multiple ubiquitin ligases, including Smurfs, UFD2, and KLHL42, play vital roles in scleroderma by targeting the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway. In the future, drugs targeting E3 ligases and deubiquitinating enzymes have great potential for the treatment of skin fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanlu Shen
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zhigang Zhang
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiaqing Ma
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Di Lu
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Lechun Lyu
- Science and Technology Achievement Incubation Center, Kunming Medical University, 1168 West Chunrong Road, Yuhua Avenue, Chenggong District, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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2
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Song M, Peng H, Guo W, Luo M, Duan W, Chen P, Zhou Y. Cigarette Smoke Extract Promotes Human Lung Myofibroblast Differentiation by the Induction of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Respiration 2019; 98:347-356. [DOI: 10.1159/000502099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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3
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Long Y, Chen W, Du Q, Zuo X, Zhu H. Ubiquitination in Scleroderma Fibrosis and Its Treatment. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2383. [PMID: 30386338 PMCID: PMC6199354 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis, SSc) is a highly heterogeneous rheumatic disease, and uncontrolled fibrosis in visceral organs is the major cause of death in patients. The transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and WNT/β-catenin signaling pathways, along with signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), play crucial roles in this fibrotic process. Currently, no therapy is available that effectively arrests or reverses the progression of fibrosis in patients with SSc. Ubiquitination is an important post-translational modification that controls many critical cellular functions. Dysregulated ubiquitination events have been observed in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis and fibrotic diseases. Inhibitors targeting the ubiquitination pathway have considerable potential for the treatment of rheumatic diseases. However, very few studies have examined the role and mechanism of ubiquitination in patients with SSc. In this review, we will summarize the molecular mechanisms of ubiquitination in patients with SSc and explore the potential targets for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Long
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weilin Chen
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoxia Zuo
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Honglin Zhu
- Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Klay D, Hoffman TW, Harmsze AM, Grutters JC, van Moorsel CHM. Systematic review of drug effects in humans and models with surfactant-processing disease. Eur Respir Rev 2018; 27:27/149/170135. [PMID: 29997245 DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0135-2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic interstitial pneumonias are a group of rare diseases characterised by distortion of lung interstitium. Patients with mutations in surfactant-processing genes, such as surfactant protein C (SFTPC), surfactant protein A1 and A2 (SFTPA1 and A2), ATP binding cassette A3 (ABCA3) and Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS1, 2 and 4), develop progressive pulmonary fibrosis, often culminating in fatal respiratory insufficiency. Although many mutations have been described, little is known about the optimal treatment strategy for fibrotic interstitial pneumonia patients with surfactant-processing mutations.We performed a systematic literature review of studies that described a drug effect in patients, cell or mouse models with a surfactant-processing mutation. In total, 73 articles were selected, consisting of 55 interstitial lung disease case reports/series, two clinical trials and 16 cell or mouse studies. Clinical effect parameters included lung function, radiological characteristics and clinical symptoms, while experimental outcome parameters included chemokine/cytokine expression, surfactant trafficking, necrosis and apoptosis. SP600125, a c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor, hydroxychloroquine and 4-phenylbutyric acid were most frequently studied in disease models and lead to variable outcomes, suggesting that outcome is mutation dependent.This systematic review summarises effect parameters for future studies on surfactant-processing disorders in disease models and provides directions for future trials in affected patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dymph Klay
- Interstitial Lung Disease Center of Excellence, Dept of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs W Hoffman
- Interstitial Lung Disease Center of Excellence, Dept of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Ankie M Harmsze
- Dept of Clinical Pharmacy, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Jan C Grutters
- Interstitial Lung Disease Center of Excellence, Dept of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands.,Division of Heart and Lung, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Coline H M van Moorsel
- Interstitial Lung Disease Center of Excellence, Dept of Pulmonology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands .,Division of Heart and Lung, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Li S, Zhao J, Shang D, Kass DJ, Zhao Y. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination emerge as players in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis and treatment. JCI Insight 2018; 3:120362. [PMID: 29769446 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.120362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal fibrotic lung disease that is associated with aberrant activation of TGF-β, myofibroblast differentiation, and abnormal extracellular matrix (ECM) production. Proper regulation of protein stability is important for maintenance of intracellular protein homeostasis and signaling. Ubiquitin E3 ligases mediate protein ubiquitination, and deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) reverse the process. The role of ubiquitin E3 ligases and DUBs in the pathogenesis of IPF is relatively unexplored. In this review, we provide an overview of how ubiquitin E3 ligases and DUBs modulate pulmonary fibrosis through regulation of both TGF-β-dependent and -independent pathways. We also summarize currently available small-molecule inhibitors of ubiquitin E3 ligases and DUBs as potential therapeutic strategies for the treatment of IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dong Shang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Daniel J Kass
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Acute Lung Injury Center of Excellence, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ma YK, Chen YB, Li P. Quercetin inhibits NTHi-triggered CXCR4 activation through suppressing IKKα/NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways in otitis media. Int J Mol Med 2018; 42:248-258. [PMID: 29568908 PMCID: PMC5979834 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Otitis media is one of the most common bacterial infections in children, contributing to hearing loss. A vital bacterial pathogen leading to otitis media development is the nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Inflammation response is reported as an important characristic for otitis media. Chemokine CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4) is a 352-amino acid seven-span transmembrane G-protein coupled receptor, essential for inflammatory response. However, the possible molecular mechanism indicating the alteration of CXCR4 modulated by NTHi is poorly known. In the present study, NTHi enhanced CXCR4 expression through phosphorylation of IKKα and p38, which relied on nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) translocation in vitro as well as in the middle ear of mice in vivo. Previously, quercetin, a natural production mainly isolated from rutin, has shown anti-inflammatory effects. Here, we report that quercetin suppressed NTHi-induced CXCR4 expression levels in vitro and in vivo. Quercetin blocked CXCR4 activation through direct IKKβ phosphorylation inhibition, as well as of p38 MAPK restraining. Hence, identification of quercetin may be a potential therapeutic strategy for treating otitis media induced by NTHi through inflammation suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Kun Ma
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630 P.R. China
| | - Yu-Bin Chen
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630 P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510630 P.R. China
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Burman A, Tanjore H, Blackwell TS. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in pulmonary fibrosis. Matrix Biol 2018; 68-69:355-365. [PMID: 29567124 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2018.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 157] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with development and progression of fibrotic diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). ER stress was first implicated in the pathogenesis of IPF >15 years ago with the discovery of disease-causing mutations in surfactant protein C, which result in a misfolded gene product in type II alveolar epithelial cells (AECs). ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) have been linked to lung fibrosis through regulation of AEC apoptosis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, myofibroblast differentiation, and M2 macrophage polarization. Although progress has been made in understanding the causes and consequences of ER stress in IPF and a number of chronic fibrotic disorders, further studies are needed to identify key factors that induce ER stress in important cell types and define critical down-stream processes and effector molecules that mediate ER stress-related phenotypes. This review discusses potential causes of ER stress induction in the lungs and current evidence linking ER stress to fibrosis in the context of individual cell types: AECs, fibroblasts, and macrophages. As our understanding of the relationship between ER stress and lung fibrosis continues to evolve, future studies will examine new strategies to modulate UPR pathways for therapeutic benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Burman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Harikrishna Tanjore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Timothy S Blackwell
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Aratani S, Fujita H, Yagishita N, Yamano Y, Okubo Y, Nishioka K, Nakajima T. Inhibitory effects of ubiquitination of synoviolin by PADI4. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:9203-9209. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Corsini S, Tortora M, Nistri A. Nicotinic receptor activation contrasts pathophysiological bursting and neurodegeneration evoked by glutamate uptake block on rat hypoglossal motoneurons. J Physiol 2016; 594:6777-6798. [PMID: 27374167 PMCID: PMC5108918 DOI: 10.1113/jp272591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Impaired uptake of glutamate builds up the extracellular level of this excitatory transmitter to trigger rhythmic neuronal bursting and delayed cell death in the brainstem motor nucleus hypoglossus. This process is the expression of the excitotoxicity that underlies motoneuron degeneration in diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis affecting bulbar motoneurons. In a model of motoneuron excitotoxicity produced by pharmacological block of glutamate uptake in vitro, rhythmic bursting is suppressed by activation of neuronal nicotinic receptors with their conventional agonist nicotine. Emergence of bursting is facilitated by nicotinic receptor antagonists. Following excitotoxicity, nicotinic receptor activity decreases mitochondrial energy dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress and production of toxic radicals. Globally, these phenomena synergize to provide motoneuron protection. Nicotinic receptors may represent a novel target to contrast pathological overactivity of brainstem motoneurons and therefore to prevent their metabolic distress and death. ABSTRACT Excitotoxicity is thought to be one of the early processes in the onset of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) because high levels of glutamate have been detected in the cerebrospinal fluid of such patients due to dysfunctional uptake of this transmitter that gradually damages brainstem and spinal motoneurons. To explore potential mechanisms to arrest ALS onset, we used an established in vitro model of rat brainstem slice preparation in which excitotoxicity is induced by the glutamate uptake blocker dl-threo-β-benzyloxyaspartate (TBOA). Because certain brain neurons may be neuroprotected via activation of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) by nicotine, we investigated if nicotine could arrest excitotoxic damage to highly ALS-vulnerable hypoglossal motoneurons (HMs). On 50% of patch-clamped HMs, TBOA induced intense network bursts that were inhibited by 1-10 μm nicotine, whereas nAChR antagonists facilitated burst emergence in non-burster cells. Furthermore, nicotine inhibited excitatory transmission and enhanced synaptic inhibition. Strong neuroprotection by nicotine prevented the HM loss observed after 4 h of TBOA exposure. This neuroprotective action was due to suppression of downstream effectors of neurotoxicity such as increased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species, impaired energy metabolism and upregulated genes involved in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. In addition, HMs surviving TBOA toxicity often expressed UDP-glucose glycoprotein glucosyltransferase, a key element in repair of misfolded proteins: this phenomenon was absent after nicotine application, indicative of ER stress prevention. Our results suggest nAChRs to be potential targets for inhibiting excitotoxic damage of motoneurons at an early stage of the neurodegenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Corsini
- Department of NeuroscienceInternational School for Advanced Studies (SISSA)TriesteItaly
| | - Maria Tortora
- Department of NeuroscienceInternational School for Advanced Studies (SISSA)TriesteItaly
| | - Andrea Nistri
- Department of NeuroscienceInternational School for Advanced Studies (SISSA)TriesteItaly
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