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Hong JM, Munna AN, Moon JH, Seol JW, Park SY. Melatonin-mediated calcineurin inactivation attenuates amyloid beta-induced apoptosis. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2024; 16:336-344. [PMID: 38390232 PMCID: PMC10882114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common age-related progressive neurodegenerative disorder. The accumulation of amyloid beta-peptide is a neuropathological marker of AD. While melatonin is recognized to have protective effects on aging and neurodegenerative disorders, the therapeutic effect of melatonin on calcineurin in AD is poorly understood. In this study, we examined the effect and underlying molecular mechanisms of melatonin treatment on amyloid beta-mediated neurotoxicity in neuroblastoma cells. Melatonin treatment decreased calcineurin and autophagy in neuroblastoma cells. Electron microscopy images showed that melatonin inhibited amyloid beta-induced autophagic vacuoles. The increase in the amyloid beta-induced apoptosis rate was observed more in PrPC-expressing ZW cells than in PrPC-silencing Zpl cells. Taken together, the results suggest that by mitigating the effect of calcineurin and autophagy flux activation, melatonin could also rescue amyloid beta-induced neurotoxic effects. These findings may be relevant to therapy for neurodegenerative diseases, including AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Min Hong
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ali Newaz Munna
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Hong Moon
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Seol
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Youel Park
- Biosafety Research Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jeonbuk National University, Gobong ro, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54596, Republic of Korea
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Shim KH, Sharma N, An SSA. Prion therapeutics: Lessons from the past. Prion 2022; 16:265-294. [PMID: 36515657 PMCID: PMC9754114 DOI: 10.1080/19336896.2022.2153551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Prion diseases are a group of incurable zoonotic neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) in humans and other animals caused by the prion proteins. The abnormal folding and aggregation of the soluble cellular prion proteins (PrPC) into scrapie isoform (PrPSc) in the Central nervous system (CNS) resulted in brain damage and other neurological symptoms. Different therapeutic approaches, including stalling PrPC to PrPSc conversion, increasing PrPSc removal, and PrPC stabilization, for which a spectrum of compounds, ranging from organic compounds to antibodies, have been explored. Additionally, a non-PrP targeted drug strategy using serpin inhibitors has been discussed. Despite numerous scaffolds being screened for anti-prion activity in vitro, only a few were effective in vivo and unfortunately, almost none of them proved effective in the clinical studies, most likely due to toxicity and lack of permeability. Recently, encouraging results from a prion-protein monoclonal antibody, PRN100, were presented in the first human trial on CJD patients, which gives a hope for better future for the discovery of other new molecules to treat prion diseases. In this comprehensive review, we have re-visited the history and discussed various classes of anti-prion agents, their structure, mode of action, and toxicity. Understanding pathogenesis would be vital for developing future treatments for prion diseases. Based on the outcomes of existing therapies, new anti-prion agents could be identified/synthesized/designed with reduced toxicity and increased bioavailability, which could probably be effective in treating prion diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyu Hwan Shim
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Niti Sharma
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
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Jayaraman M, Dutta P, Krishnan S, Arora K, Sivakumar D, Raghavendran HRB. Emerging Promise of Phytochemicals in Ameliorating Neurological Disorders. CNS & NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS DRUG TARGETS 2022; 22:CNSNDDT-EPUB-124961. [PMID: 35786341 DOI: 10.2174/1871527321666220701153926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The field of medicine and synthetic drug development have advanced rapidly over the past few decades. However, research on alternative medicine such as phytochemicals cannot be ignored. The main reason for prominent curiosity about phytochemicals stems from the belief that usage of natural compounds is safer and has lesser detrimental side effects. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present review was to discuss in detail with several phytochemicals that have been studied or are being studied in the context of various neurological disorders including depression, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease and even neuroinflammatory disorders such as encephalitis. METHODS The potential role of phytochemicals in the treatment or management of symptoms associated with neurological disorders have been included in this article. All data included in this paper has been pooled from various databases including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, Springer and Wiley Online Library. RESULTS Phytochemicals have been widely studied for their therapeutic properties associated with neurological disorders. Using various experimental techniques for both in vivo and in vitro experiments, studies have shown that phytochemicals do have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective activities which play major roles in the treatment of neurological diseases. CONCLUSION Even though there has been compelling evidence of the therapeutic role of phytochemicals, further research is still required to evaluate the safety and efficacy of these medicines. Using previously published papers as foundation for additional research such as preclinical studies and clinical trials, phytochemicals can become a safer alternative to synthetic drugs for treating a spectrum of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megala Jayaraman
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Parijat Dutta
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sabari Krishnan
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Khyati Arora
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Diveyaa Sivakumar
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur-603203, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- School of Dental Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Hanumanth Rao Balaji Raghavendran
- Faculty of Clinical Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Central Research Facility, Porur, Chennai-600116, India
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Sonawane SK, Uversky VN, Chinnathambi S. Baicalein inhibits heparin-induced Tau aggregation by initializing non-toxic Tau oligomer formation. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:16. [PMID: 33579328 PMCID: PMC7879681 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00704-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Amyloid aggregate deposition is the key feature of Alzheimer’s disease. The proteinaceous aggregates found in the afflicted brain are the intra-neuronal neurofibrillary tangles formed by the microtubule-associated protein Tau and extracellular deposits, senile plaques, of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptide proteolytically derived from the amyloid precursor protein. Accumulation of these aggregates has manifestations in the later stages of the disease, such as memory loss and cognitive inabilities originating from the neuronal dysfunction, neurodegeneration, and brain atrophy. Treatment of this disease at the late stages is difficult, and many clinical trials have failed. Hence, the goal is to find means capable of preventing the aggregation of these intrinsically disordered proteins by inhibiting the early stages of their pathological transformations. Polyphenols are known to be neuroprotective agents with the noticeable potential against many neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and Prion diseases. Methods We analyzed the capability of Baicalein to inhibit aggregation of human Tau protein by a multifactorial analysis that included several biophysical and biochemical techniques. Results The potency of Baicalein, a polyphenol from the Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, against in vitro Tau aggregation and PHF dissolution has been screened and validated. ThS fluorescence assay revealed the potent inhibitory activity of Baicalein, whereas ANS revealed its mechanism of Tau inhibition viz. by oligomer capture and dissociation. In addition, Baicalein dissolved the preformed mature fibrils of Tau thereby possessing a dual target action. Tau oligomers formed by Baicalein were non-toxic to neuronal cells, highlighting its role as a potent molecule to be screened against AD. Conclusion In conclusion, Baicalein inhibits aggregation of hTau40 by enhancing the formation of SDS-stable oligomers and preventing fibril formation. Baicalein-induced oligomers do not affect the viability of the neuroblastoma cells. Therefore, Baicalein can be considered as a lead molecule against Tau pathology in AD. Video Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Kishor Sonawane
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India.,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Vladimir N Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer's Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, USA
| | - Subashchandrabose Chinnathambi
- Neurobiology Group, Division of Biochemical Sciences, CSIR-National Chemical Laboratory (CSIR-NCL), Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune, 411008, India. .,Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Muronetz VI, Barinova K, Kudryavtseva S, Medvedeva M, Melnikova A, Sevostyanova I, Semenyuk P, Stroylova Y, Sova M. Natural and Synthetic Derivatives of Hydroxycinnamic Acid Modulating the Pathological Transformation of Amyloidogenic Proteins. Molecules 2020; 25:E4647. [PMID: 33053854 PMCID: PMC7594092 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review presents the main properties of hydroxycinnamic acid (HCA) derivatives and their potential application as agents for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. It is partially focused on the successful use of these compounds as inhibitors of amyloidogenic transformation of proteins. Firstly, the prerequisites for the emergence of interest in HCA derivatives, including natural compounds, are described. A separate section is devoted to synthesis and properties of HCA derivatives. Then, the results of molecular modeling of HCA derivatives with prion protein as well as with α-synuclein fibrils are summarized, followed by detailed analysis of the experiments on the effect of natural and synthetic HCA derivatives, as well as structurally similar phenylacetic and benzoic acid derivatives, on the pathological transformation of prion protein and α-synuclein. The ability of HCA derivatives to prevent amyloid transformation of some amyloidogenic proteins, and their presence not only in food products but also as natural metabolites in human blood and tissues, makes them promising for the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases of amyloid nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir I. Muronetz
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (K.B.); (A.M.); (I.S.); (P.S.); (Y.S.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Kseniya Barinova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (K.B.); (A.M.); (I.S.); (P.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Sofia Kudryavtseva
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Maria Medvedeva
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Aleksandra Melnikova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (K.B.); (A.M.); (I.S.); (P.S.); (Y.S.)
- Faculty of Bioengineering and Bioinformatics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (S.K.); (M.M.)
| | - Irina Sevostyanova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (K.B.); (A.M.); (I.S.); (P.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Pavel Semenyuk
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (K.B.); (A.M.); (I.S.); (P.S.); (Y.S.)
| | - Yulia Stroylova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119992 Moscow, Russia; (K.B.); (A.M.); (I.S.); (P.S.); (Y.S.)
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University Trubetskaya St. 8, Bldg. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Matej Sova
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerčeva 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Khan A, Jahan S, Imtiyaz Z, Alshahrani S, Antar Makeen H, Mohammed Alshehri B, Kumar A, Arafah A, Rehman MU. Neuroprotection: Targeting Multiple Pathways by Naturally Occurring Phytochemicals. Biomedicines 2020; 8:E284. [PMID: 32806490 PMCID: PMC7459826 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8080284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increase in the expectancy of the life span of humans, neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) have imposed a considerable burden on the family, society, and nation. In defiance of the breakthroughs in the knowledge of the pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms of various NDs, very little success has been achieved in developing effective therapies. This review draws a bead on the availability of the nutraceuticals to date for various NDs (Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, vascular cognitive impairment, Prion disease, Spinocerebellar ataxia, Spinal muscular atrophy, Frontotemporal dementia, and Pick's disease) focusing on their various mechanisms of action in various in vivo and in vitro models of NDs. This review is distinctive in its compilation to critically review preclinical and clinical studies of the maximum phytochemicals in amelioration and prevention of almost all kinds of neurodegenerative diseases and address their possible mechanism of action. PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library searches were used for preclinical studies, while ClinicalTrials.gov and PubMed were searched for clinical updates. The results from preclinical studies demonstrate the efficacious effects of the phytochemicals in various NDs while clinical reports showing mixed results with promise for phytochemical use as an adjunct to the conventional treatment in various NDs. These studies together suggest that phytochemicals can significantly act upon different mechanisms of disease such as oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptotic pathways, and gene regulation. However, further clinical studies are needed that should include the appropriate biomarkers of NDs and the effect of phytochemicals on them as well as targeting the appropriate population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andleeb Khan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sadaf Jahan
- Medical Laboratories Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 15341, Saudi Arabia; (S.J.); (B.M.A.)
| | - Zuha Imtiyaz
- Clinical Drug Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Saeed Alshahrani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hafiz Antar Makeen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Bader Mohammed Alshehri
- Medical Laboratories Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Majmaah 15341, Saudi Arabia; (S.J.); (B.M.A.)
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Phase-10, Sector-64, Mohali 160062, India;
| | - Azher Arafah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.U.R.)
| | - Muneeb U. Rehman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.); (M.U.R.)
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Zhou Y, Dong W, Ye J, Hao H, Zhou J, Wang R, Liu Y. A novel matrix dispersion based on phospholipid complex for improving oral bioavailability of baicalein: preparation, in vitro and in vivo evaluations. Drug Deliv 2017; 24:720-728. [PMID: 28436702 PMCID: PMC8240982 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2017.1311968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Phospholipid complex is one of the most successful approaches for enhancing oral bioavailability of poorly absorbed plant constituents. But the sticky property of phospholipids results in an unsatisfactory dissolution of drugs. In this study, a matrix dispersion of baicalein based on phospholipid complex (BaPC-MD) was first prepared by a discontinuous solvent evaporation method, in which polyvinylpyrrolidone-K30 (PVP-K30) was employed for improving the dispersibility of baicalein phospholipid complex (BaPC) and increasing dissolution of baicalein. The combination ratio of baicalein and phospholipids in BaPC-MD was 99.39% and baicalein was still in a complete complex state with phospholipid in BaPC-MD. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analyzes demonstrated that baicalein was fully transformed to an amorphous state in BaPC-MD and phospholipid complex formed. The water-solubility and n-octanol solubility of baicalein in BaPC-MD significantly increased compared with those of pure baicalein. Compared with baicalein and BaPC, the cumulative dissolution of BaPC-MD at 120 min increased 2.77- and 1.23-fold, respectively. In vitro permeability study in Caco-2 cells indicated that the permeability of BaPC-MD was remarkably higher than those of baicalein and BaPC. Pharmacokinetic study showed that the average Cmax of BaPC-MD was significantly increased compared to baicalein and BaPC. AUC0-14 h of BaPC-MD was 5.01- and 1.91-fold of baicalein and BaPC, respectively. The novel BaPC-MD significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of baicalein by improving the dissolution and permeability of baicalein without destroying the complexation state of baicalein and phospholipids. The current drug delivery system provided an optimal strategy to significantly enhance oral bioavailability for poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wujun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huazhen Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Junzhuo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Renyun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines and
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Novel Formulation, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, PR China
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Sowndhararajan K, Deepa P, Kim M, Park SJ, Kim S. Baicalein as a potent neuroprotective agent: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 95:1021-1032. [PMID: 28922719 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.08.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent times, neurodegenerative diseases are the most challenging global health problems. Neuronal cell death or damage is a key factor for many neurodegenerative disorders. Therefore, there has been a growing interest in the development of effective neuroprotective agents, especially from natural sources. In particular, phytochemicals have shown high efficacy with low side effects in various in vitro and in vivo studies. In the various phytoconstituents, flavonoids are important bioactive products and mainly found in various vegetables and fruits. Among them, baicalein is one of the important flavones, which is mainly found in the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. A number of studies have reported that baicalein has potent neuroprotective properties under in vitro as well as in vivo systems. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to provide a review of the existing literature in connection with the neuroprotective effects of baicalein and its molecular mechanisms of action. The current review highlights could be useful to identify novel therapeutic agents in relation to the treatment of neurotoxicity-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ponnuvel Deepa
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Minju Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Jin Park
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Songmun Kim
- School of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea.
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Yu M, Qi B, Xiaoxiang W, Xu J, Liu X. Baicalein increases cisplatin sensitivity of A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells via PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 90:677-685. [PMID: 28415048 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Baicalein, a bioactive flavonoid, exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. However, few studies reported the interaction of baicalein with chemotherapeutic agents. Our study showed that baicalein significantly enhanced the chemosensitivity of cisplatin (CDDP) in vivo and in vitro. We found that A549/CDDP (resistant to CDDP) cells not only acquired epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype, but also showed increased NF-κB activity compared with A549 cells (sensitive to CDDP). Our study further demonstrated that PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway controlled CDDP resistance via EMT and NF-κB-mediated apoptosis. Baicalein significantly suppressed the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway, leading to conversion of EMT to mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET, the reciprocal mesenchymal to epithelial transition), and inhibition of NF-κB-mediated antiapoptotic proteins in A549/CDDP cells. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that baicalein reversed the resistance of human A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells to cisplatin by inhibiting EMT and attenuating apoptosis via PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, Bengbu, 233004, PR China
| | - Benquan Qi
- Department of Emergency Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, Bengbu, 233004, PR China
| | - Wu Xiaoxiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, Bengbu, 233004, PR China
| | - Jian Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, Bengbu, 233004, PR China
| | - Xiaolin Liu
- Department of Neurology, Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, Bengbu, 233030, PR China.
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Yoon JJ, Jeong JW, Choi EO, Kim MJ, Hwang-Bo H, Kim HJ, Hong SH, Park C, Lee DH, Choi YH. Protective effects of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi against hydrogen peroxide-induced DNA damage and apoptosis in HaCaT human skin keratinocytes. EXCLI JOURNAL 2017; 16:426-438. [PMID: 28694748 PMCID: PMC5491928 DOI: 10.17179/excli2016-817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress due to excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the risk factors for the development of several chronic diseases. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of Scutellaria baicalensis rhizome ethanol extract (SBRE) against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage and elucidated the underlying mechanisms in the HaCaT human skin keratinocyte cell line. Our results revealed that treatment with SBRE prior to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) exposure significantly increased viability of HaCaT cells. SBRE also effectively attenuated H2O2-induced comet tail formation and inhibited the H2O2-induced phosphorylation levels of the histone γH2AX, as well as the number of apoptotic bodies and Annexin V-positive cells. In addition, SBRE exhibited scavenging activity against intracellular ROS generation and restored the mitochondrial membrane potential loss by H2O2. Moreover, H2O2 enhanced the cleavage of caspase-3 and degradation of poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase, a typical substrate protein of activated caspase-3, as well as DNA fragmentation; however, these events were almost totally reversed by pretreatment with SBRE. Furthermore, SBRE increased the levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), which is a potent antioxidant enzyme, associated with the induction of nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). According to our data, SBRE is able to protect HaCaT cells from H2O2-induced DNA damage and apoptosis through blocking cellular damage related to oxidative stress through a mechanism that would affect ROS elimination and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Jeh Yoon
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 176 Yangjeong-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jeong
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 176 Yangjeong-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ok Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 176 Yangjeong-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Ju Kim
- Lioele Cosmetic Co., LTD., 2068-1 Jungangdae-ro, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46214, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Hwang-Bo
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 176 Yangjeong-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Jae Kim
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 176 Yangjeong-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Hong
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 176 Yangjeong-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
| | - Cheol Park
- Department of Molecular Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Dongeui University, 176 Eomgwangno Busanjin-gu, Busan 47340, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hee Lee
- Genomine Inc., Venture Bldg 306, Pohang TechnoPark, 394 Jigokor Pohang, 37668, Republic of Korea
| | - Yung Hyun Choi
- Anti-Aging Research Center and Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Korean Medicine, 176 Yangjeong-ro, Busanjin-gu, Busan 47227, Republic of Korea
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11
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Xu C, Wang X, Gu C, Zhang H, Zhang R, Dong X, Liu C, Hu X, Ji X, Huang S, Chen L. Celastrol ameliorates Cd-induced neuronal apoptosis by targeting NOX2-derived ROS-dependent PP5-JNK signaling pathway. J Neurochem 2017; 141:48-62. [PMID: 28129433 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.13966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Revised: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Celastrol, a plant-derived triterpene, has neuroprotective benefit in the models of neurodegenerative disorders that are characterized by overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Recently, we have reported that cadmium (Cd) activates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway leading to neuronal cell death by inducing ROS inactivation of protein phosphatase 5 (PP5), and celastrol prevents Cd-activated JNK pathway against neuronal apoptosis. Therefore, we hypothesized that celastrol could hinder Cd induction of ROS-dependent PP5-JNK signaling pathway from apoptosis in neuronal cells. Here, we show that celastrol attenuated Cd-induced expression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) and its regulatory proteins (p22phox , p40phox , p47phox , p67phox , and Rac1), as well as the generation of ROS in PC12 cells and primary neurons. Also, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, a ROS scavenger, potentiated celastrol's inhibition of the events in the cells triggered by Cd, implying neuroprotection by celastrol via blocking Cd-evoked NOX2-derived ROS. Further research revealed that celastrol was involved in the regulation of PP5 inactivation and JNK/c-Jun activation induced by Cd, as celastrol prevented Cd from reducing PP5 expression, and over-expression of wild-type PP5 or dominant negative c-Jun strengthened celastrol's inhibition of Cd-induced phosphorylation of JNK and/or c-Jun, as well as apoptosis in neuronal cells. Of importance, inhibiting NOX2 with apocynin or silencing NOX2 by RNA interference enhanced the inhibitory effects of celastrol on Cd-induced inactivation of PP5, activation of JNK/c-Jun, ROS, and apoptosis in the cells. Furthermore, we noticed that expression of wild-type PP5 or dominant negative c-Jun, or pretreatment with JNK inhibitor SP600125 reinforced celastrol's suppression of Cd-induced NOX2 and its regulatory proteins, and consequential ROS in neuronal cells. These findings indicate that celastrol ameliorates Cd-induced neuronal apoptosis via targeting NOX2-derived ROS-dependent PP5-JNK signaling pathway. Our data highlight a beneficial role of celastrol in the prevention of Cd-induced oxidative stress and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxue Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenjian Gu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hai Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ruijie Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoqing Dong
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiang Ji
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shile Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA.,Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | - Long Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Molecular and Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Niu C, Wan J, Bian Y, Li F, Lan J. Baicalein and its underlying mechanism as a protector against liver injury induced by cisplatin in mice. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2016.1257924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chengwei Niu
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an, China
| | - Jing Wan
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an, China
| | - Yue Bian
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an, China
| | - Feng Li
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an, China
| | - Jiandong Lan
- College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Food and Pharmaceutical Science College, Huai'an, China
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