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Lin HJ, Liu Y, Caroland K, Lin J. Polarization of Cancer-Associated Macrophages Maneuver Neoplastic Attributes of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3507. [PMID: 37444617 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence links the phenomenon of enhanced recruitment of tumor-associated macrophages towards cancer bulks to neoplastic growth, invasion, metastasis, immune escape, matrix remodeling, and therapeutic resistance. In the context of cancer progression, naïve macrophages are polarized into M1 or M2 subtypes according to their differentiation status, gene signatures, and functional roles. While the former render proinflammatory and anticancer effects, the latter subpopulation elicits an opposite impact on pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. M2 macrophages have gained increasing attention as they are largely responsible for molding an immune-suppressive landscape. Through positive feedback circuits involving a paracrine manner, M2 macrophages can be amplified by and synergized with neighboring neoplastic cells, fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and non-cell autonomous constituents in the microenvironmental niche to promote an advanced disease state. This review delineates the molecular cues expanding M2 populations that subsequently convey notorious clinical outcomes. Future therapeutic regimens shall comprise protocols attempting to abolish environmental niches favoring M2 polarization; weaken cancer growth typically assisted by M2; promote the recruitment of tumoricidal CD8+ T lymphocytes and dendritic cells; and boost susceptibility towards gemcitabine as well as other chemotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Jen Lin
- Department of Medical & Molecular Sciences, University of Delaware, Willard Hall Education Building, 16 West Main Street, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Yingguang Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Liberty University, 306 Liberty View Lane, Lynchburg, VA 24502, USA
| | - Kailey Caroland
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Jiayuh Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Medicine Graduate Program, Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, School of Medicine, University of Maryland, 108 N. Greene Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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2
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Xiang H, Yu H, Zhou Q, Wu Y, Ren J, Zhao Z, Tao X, Dong D. Macrophages: A rising star in immunotherapy for chronic pancreatitis. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106508. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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3
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Grigor’eva IN. Pancreatic cancer risk: alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. TERAPEVT ARKH 2022; 94:265-270. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2022.02.201375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the metaanalyzes (PubMed, 19952019) of alcohol and non-alcoholic (coffee, tea, dairy products) beverage consumption in relation to risk of pancreatic cancer PC (PubMed, 19952019). Increased the PC risk was associated with high alcohol intake. The increased risk for heavy drinking did not explained by residual confounding by history of pancreatitis or tobacco smoking or diabetes. Light-moderate alcohol intake may reduced the PC risk, probably due to the fasting insulin levels decrement, which leads to the diminished the РС risk. The association between alcohol and the PC was stronger in men than in women. Some metaanalyzes demonstrated that a small amount of coffee may reduce PC risk, and a large amount to increase PC risk. Another meta-analyzes have not confirmed any association between the PC risk and coffee or tea consumption. One meta-analysis revealed a direct association of the PC risk with the dairy products consumption, but most research showed no such connection. Nutrition is considered to be associated with the PC risk, but the degree of risk due to structure of beverages consumption (dose, duration, alcohol, coffee, tea, dairy products pattern) is still not clear.
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Tao X, Xiang H, Pan Y, Shang D, Guo J, Gao G, Xiao GG. Pancreatitis initiated pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Pathophysiology explaining clinical evidence. Pharmacol Res 2021; 168:105595. [PMID: 33823219 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly malignant lethal disease due to its asymptomatic at its early lesion of the disease and drug resistance. Target therapy associated with molecular pathways so far seems not to produce reasonable outcomes. Understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying inflammation-initiated tumorigenesis may be helpful for development of an effective therapy of the disease. A line of studies showed that pancreatic tumorigenesis was resulted from pancreatitis, which was caused synergistically by various pancreatic cells. This review focuses on those players and their possible clinic implications, such as exocrine acinar cells, ductal cells, and various stromal cells, including pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs), macrophages, lymphocytes, neutrophils, mast cells, adipocytes and endothelial cells, working together with each other in an inflammation-mediated microenvironment governed by a myriad of cellular signaling networks towards PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xufeng Tao
- Department of Pharmacology at School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Hong Xiang
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yue Pan
- Department of Pharmacology at School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Shang
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Junchao Guo
- Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ge Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gary Guishan Xiao
- Department of Pharmacology at School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China; The UCLA Agi Hirshberg Center for Pancreatic Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Functional Genomics and Proteomics Laboratory, Osteoporosis Research Center, Creighton University Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States.
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5
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Xia Z, Wang C, Wang X, Yu H, Yao H, Shen H, Lan X, Wu X, Zhang G. NCX3 alleviates ethanol-induced apoptosis of SK-N-SH cells via the elimination of intracellular calcium ions. Toxicol In Vitro 2021; 72:105104. [PMID: 33516933 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2021.105104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Long-term alcohol intake may cause nerve cell apoptosis and induce various encephalopathies. Previously, we have shown that the expression of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger 3 (NCX3) was associated with the intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) and apoptosis, involved in the spatial memory impairment in male C57BL/6 mice with chronic ethanol (EtOH) exposure. However, the mechanism involved is unclear. Here, we investigated the expression of NCX3 and its protective effect on SK-N-SH cells (a nerve cell line) after EtOH exposure. [Ca2+]i was measured using Fluo-3 AM reagent. Cell viability and the apoptotic rate were assayed using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxymethoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, inner salt (MTS) and flow cytometry, respectively. The expression of p-cAMP-responsive element binding protein1(p-CREB 1), NCX3 protein, and mRNA were observed using Western blotting and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), respectively. Cleaved-caspase-3, caspase-3, rabbit anti- poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and calpain-1 proteins were used to assess the degree of apoptosis. Our results showed that EtOH increased [Ca2+]i and apoptosis of SK-N-SH cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The expression of NCX3 protein and mRNA was up regulated obviously after SK-N-SH cells were treated with EtOH. The phosphorylation levels of Akt and CREB 1 were up regulated in cells treated with EtOH. The expression of NCX3 protein was reduced in the SK-N-SH cells treated with Akt phosphorylation inhibitor (LY294002). The [Ca2+]i and apoptosis rate of SK-N-SH cells increased 1.31-fold and 1.52-fold after silencing NCX3 compared with those treated with 200 mM EtOH alone for 2 d. In contrast, the [Ca2+]i and apoptosis rate of SK-N-SH cells decreased 0.26-fold and 0.35-fold after overexpression of NCX3 in the 2 d-200 mM EtOH treatment group. These results suggest that NCX3 plays a critical role in neuronal protection via the elimination of intracellular Ca2+, which may be a promising target for the prevention and treatment of encephalopathy after ethanol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixiu Xia
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; Department of General Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, No. 36, San Hao Street, Shenyang, Liaoning 110004, PR China
| | - Changliang Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China; The People's Procuratorate of Liaoning Province Judicial Authentication Center, Shenyang, Liaoning 110032, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Hao Yu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Xinze Lan
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Xu Wu
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China
| | - Guohua Zhang
- Department of Forensic Pathology, School of Forensic Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, PR China.
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6
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Yang S, Liu Q, Liao Q. Tumor-Associated Macrophages in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: Origin, Polarization, Function, and Reprogramming. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 8:607209. [PMID: 33505964 PMCID: PMC7829544 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.607209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a highly lethal malignancy. PDAC is only cured by surgical resection in its early stage, but there remains a relatively high possibility of recurrence. The development of PDAC is closely associated with the tumor microenvironment. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are one of the most abundant immune cell populations in the pancreatic tumor stroma. TAMs are inclined to M2 deviation in the tumor microenvironment, which promotes and supports tumor behaviors, including tumorigenesis, immune escape, metastasis, and chemotherapeutic resistance. Herein, we comprehensively reviewed the latest researches on the origin, polarization, functions, and reprogramming of TAMs in PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaofei Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Quan Liao
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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7
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Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation as a Pivot in Drug Abuse. A Focus on the Therapeutic Potential of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Agents and Biomolecules. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090830. [PMID: 32899889 PMCID: PMC7555323 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug abuse is a major global health and economic problem. However, there are no pharmacological treatments to effectively reduce the compulsive use of most drugs of abuse. Despite exerting different mechanisms of action, all drugs of abuse promote the activation of the brain reward system, with lasting neurobiological consequences that potentiate subsequent consumption. Recent evidence shows that the brain displays marked oxidative stress and neuroinflammation following chronic drug consumption. Brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation disrupt glutamate homeostasis by impairing synaptic and extra-synaptic glutamate transport, reducing GLT-1, and system Xc− activities respectively, which increases glutamatergic neurotransmission. This effect consolidates the relapse-promoting effect of drug-related cues, thus sustaining drug craving and subsequent drug consumption. Recently, promising results as experimental treatments to reduce drug consumption and relapse have been shown by (i) antioxidant and anti-inflammatory synthetic molecules whose effects reach the brain; (ii) natural biomolecules secreted by mesenchymal stem cells that excel in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, delivered via non-invasive intranasal administration to animal models of drug abuse and (iii) potent anti-inflammatory microRNAs and anti-miRNAs which target the microglia and reduce neuroinflammation and drug craving. In this review, we address the neurobiological consequences of brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation that follow the chronic consumption of most drugs of abuse, and the current and potential therapeutic effects of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory agents and biomolecules to reduce these drug-induced alterations and to prevent relapse.
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8
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Srinivasan S, Dosch AR, Nagathihalli NS. New mechanistic insights into modifiable risk factors that promote pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2019; 10:2417-2418. [PMID: 31069003 PMCID: PMC6497434 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.26813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Srinivasan
- Nagaraj S. Nagathihalli: Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Austin R Dosch
- Nagaraj S. Nagathihalli: Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Nagaraj S Nagathihalli
- Nagaraj S. Nagathihalli: Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA; Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
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9
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Muñoz AR, Chakravarthy D, Gong J, Halff GA, Ghosh R, Kumar AP. Pancreatic cancer: Current status and Challenges. CURRENT PHARMACOLOGY REPORTS 2017; 3:396-408. [PMID: 29404265 PMCID: PMC5795623 DOI: 10.1007/s40495-017-0112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW The 5-year survival rate of patients with pancreatic cancer (PanCA) has remained stagnant. Unfortunately, the incidence is almost equal to mortality rates. These facts underscore the importance of concerted efforts to understand the pathology of this disease. Deregulation of multiple signaling pathways involved in a wide variety of cellular processes including proliferation, apoptosis, invasion, and metastasis contribute not only to cancer development but also to therapeutic resistance. The purpose of this review is to summarize current understanding of etiological factors including emerging evidence on the role of infectious agents, factors associated with therapeutic resistance and therapeutic options. RECENT FINDINGS The unique aspect of PanCA is "desmoplasia", a process that involves proliferation of stromal fibroblasts and collagen deposition in and around the filtrating cancer. Recent studies have identified pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) as a potential source of such desmoplasia. Biphasic interactions between PSCs and cancer cells, endothelial cells, and/or myeloid derived suppressor cells in the tumor microenvironment contribute to pancreatic carcinogenesis. SUMMARY We summarize limitations of current therapeutic approaches and potential strategies to overcome these limitations using natural products including botanicals as adjuvant/neo-adjuvant for effective management of PanCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda R Muñoz
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | | | | | - Glenn A Halff
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Rita Ghosh
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
- UT Health San Antonio Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
| | - Addanki P Kumar
- Department of Urology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
- Department of Pharmacology, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
- UT Health San Antonio Cancer Center, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
- South Texas Veterans Health Care System, The University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX
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10
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Ratna A, Mandrekar P. Alcohol and Cancer: Mechanisms and Therapies. Biomolecules 2017; 7:E61. [PMID: 28805741 PMCID: PMC5618242 DOI: 10.3390/biom7030061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several scientific and clinical studies have shown an association between chronic alcohol consumption and the occurrence of cancer in humans. The mechanism for alcohol-induced carcinogenesis has not been fully understood, although plausible events include genotoxic effects of acetaldehyde, cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1)-mediated generation of reactive oxygen species, aberrant metabolism of folate and retinoids, increased estrogen, and genetic polymorphisms. Here, we summarize the impact of alcohol drinking on the risk of cancer development and potential underlying molecular mechanisms. The interactions between alcohol abuse, anti-tumor immune response, tumor growth, and metastasis are complex. However, multiple studies have linked the immunosuppressive effects of alcohol with tumor progression and metastasis. The influence of alcohol on the host immune system and the development of possible effective immunotherapy for cancer in alcoholics are also discussed here. The conclusive biological effects of alcohol on tumor progression and malignancy have not been investigated extensively using an animal model that mimics the human disease. This review provides insights into cancer pathogenesis in alcoholics, alcohol and immune interactions in different cancers, and scope and future of targeted immunotherapeutic modalities in patients with alcohol abuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Ratna
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
| | - Pranoti Mandrekar
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.
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11
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Pérez-García A, Arroyo-Valerio AG, Zaldivar-Fujigaki JL, Bustos-Esquivel MA, Gastelum-Strozzi A, Padilla-Castañeda MA, Reding-Bernal A, Kershenobich D, Hernández-Ruiz J. Young adult binge drinkers have immunophenotypic changes in peripheral polymorphonuclear cells and monocytes. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE 2017; 44:403-412. [DOI: 10.1080/00952990.2017.1316985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo Pérez-García
- Laboratory of Liver, Pancreas and Motility, Experimental Medicine Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) at General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga,” Mexico City, Mexico
- Experimental Surgery Service, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga,” Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - José Luis Zaldivar-Fujigaki
- Laboratory of Liver, Pancreas and Motility, Experimental Medicine Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) at General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga,” Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Alfonso Gastelum-Strozzi
- Research and Technical Development Unit (CCADET UNAM) at General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga,” Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A. Padilla-Castañeda
- Research and Technical Development Unit (CCADET UNAM) at General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga,” Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Arturo Reding-Bernal
- Research Department, General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga,” Mexico City, Mexico
| | - David Kershenobich
- National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition, “Salvador Zubirán,” Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Joselín Hernández-Ruiz
- Laboratory of Liver, Pancreas and Motility, Experimental Medicine Unit, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) at General Hospital of Mexico “Dr. Eduardo Liceaga,” Mexico City, Mexico
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12
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Kim GJ, Song DH, Yoo HS, Chung KH, Lee KJ, An JH. Hederagenin Supplementation Alleviates the Pro-Inflammatory and Apoptotic Response to Alcohol in Rats. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9010041. [PMID: 28067819 PMCID: PMC5295085 DOI: 10.3390/nu9010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 12/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, we determined the effects of hederagenin isolated from Akebia quinata fruit on alcohol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Specifically, we investigated the hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects of hederagenin, as well as the role of AKT and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways in ethanol-induced liver injury. Experimental animals were randomly divided into three groups: normal (sham), 25% ethanol, and 25% ethanol + hederagenin (50 mg/kg/day). Each group was orally administered the respective treatments once per day for 21 days. Acetaldehyde dehydrogenase-2 mRNA expression was higher and alcohol dehydrogenase mRNA expression was lower in the ethanol + hederagenin group than those in the ethanol group. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, including TNF-α, IL-6, and cyclooxygenase-2, significantly increased in the ethanol group, but these increases were attenuated by hederagenin. Moreover, Western blot analysis showed increased expression of the apoptosis-associated protein, Bcl-2, and decreased expression of Bax and p53 after treatment with hederagenin. Hederagenin treatment attenuated ethanol-induced increases in activated p38 MAPK and increased the levels of phosphorylated AKT and ERK. Hederagenin alleviated ethanol-induced liver damage through anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic activities. These results suggest that hederagenin is a potential candidate for preventing alcoholic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeong-Ji Kim
- Division of Food Bioscience, Konkuk University, Chunju 27478, Korea.
| | - Da Hye Song
- Division of Food Bioscience, Konkuk University, Chunju 27478, Korea.
| | - Han Seok Yoo
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea.
| | - Kang-Hyun Chung
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Seoul National University of Science & Technology, Seoul 01811, Korea.
| | - Kwon Jai Lee
- Department of Advanced Materials Engineering, Daejeon University, Daejeon 34520, Korea.
| | - Jeung Hee An
- Division of Food Bioscience, Konkuk University, Chunju 27478, Korea.
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Thompson MG, Navarro F, Chitsike L, Ramirez L, Kovacs EJ, Watkins SK. Alcohol exposure differentially effects anti-tumor immunity in females by altering dendritic cell function. Alcohol 2016; 57:1-8. [PMID: 27916138 DOI: 10.1016/j.alcohol.2016.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a critical component of anti-tumor immunity due to their ability to induce a robust immune response to antigen (Ag). Alcohol was previously shown to reduce DC ability to present foreign Ag and promote pro-inflammatory responses in situations of infection and trauma. However the impact of alcohol exposure on generation of an anti-tumor response, especially in the context of generation of an immune vaccine has not been examined. In the clinic, DC vaccines are typically generated from autologous blood, therefore prior exposure to substances such as alcohol may be a critical factor to consider regarding the effectiveness in generating an immune response. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that ethanol differentially affects DC and tumor Ag-specific T cell responses depending on sex. Signaling pathways were found to be differentially regulated in DC in females compared to males and these differences were exacerbated by ethanol treatment. DC from female mice treated with ethanol were unable to activate Ag-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL) as shown by reduced expression of CD44, CD69, and decreased production of granzyme B and IFNγ. Furthermore, although FOXO3, an immune suppressive mediator of DC function, was found to be upregulated in DC from female mice, ethanol related suppression was independent of FOXO3. These findings demonstrate for the first time differential impacts of alcohol on the immune system of females compared to males and may be a critical consideration for determining the effectiveness of an immune based therapy for cancer in patients that consume alcohol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Thompson
- Loyola University Chicago, Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Flor Navarro
- Loyola University Chicago, Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Lennox Chitsike
- Loyola University Chicago, Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Luis Ramirez
- Loyola University Chicago, Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Loyola University Chicago, Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA; University of Colorado Denver, Department of Surgery, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Stephanie K Watkins
- Loyola University Chicago, Department of Surgery, Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
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Inhibition of IKKβ Reduces Ethanol Consumption in C57BL/6J Mice. eNeuro 2016; 3:eN-NWR-0256-16. [PMID: 27822501 PMCID: PMC5086799 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0256-16.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Proinflammatory pathways in neuronal and non-neuronal cells are implicated in the acute and chronic effects of alcohol exposure in animal models and humans. The nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) family of DNA transcription factors plays important roles in inflammatory diseases. The kinase IKKβ mediates the phosphorylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation of cytosolic protein inhibitors of NF-κB, leading to activation of NF-κB. The role of IKKβ as a potential regulator of excessive alcohol drinking had not previously been investigated. Based on previous findings that the overactivation of innate immune/inflammatory signaling promotes ethanol consumption, we hypothesized that inhibiting IKKβ would limit/decrease drinking by preventing the activation of NF-κB. We studied the systemic effects of two pharmacological inhibitors of IKKβ, TPCA-1 and sulfasalazine, on ethanol intake using continuous- and limited-access, two-bottle choice drinking tests in C57BL/6J mice. In both tests, TPCA-1 and sulfasalazine reduced ethanol intake and preference without changing total fluid intake or sweet taste preference. A virus expressing Cre recombinase was injected into the nucleus accumbens and central amygdala to selectively knock down IKKβ in mice genetically engineered with a conditional Ikkb deletion (IkkbF/F). Although IKKβ was inhibited to some extent in astrocytes and microglia, neurons were a primary cellular target. Deletion of IKKβ in either brain region reduced ethanol intake and preference in the continuous access two-bottle choice test without altering the preference for sucrose. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of IKKβ decreased voluntary ethanol consumption, providing initial support for IKKβ as a potential therapeutic target for alcohol abuse.
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Abstract
Neoplastic transformation requires changes in cellular identity. Emerging evidence increasingly points to cellular reprogramming, a process during which fully differentiated and functional cells lose aspects of their identity while gaining progenitor characteristics, as a critical early step during cancer initiation. This cell identity crisis persists even at the malignant stage in certain cancers, suggesting that reactivation of progenitor functions supports tumorigenicity. Here, we review recent findings that establish the essential role of cellular reprogramming during neoplastic transformation and the major players involved in it with a special emphasis on pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilotpal Roy
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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Abstract
Neoplastic transformation requires changes in cellular identity. Emerging evidence increasingly points to cellular reprogramming, a process during which fully differentiated and functional cells lose aspects of their identity while gaining progenitor characteristics, as a critical early step during cancer initiation. This cell identity crisis persists even at the malignant stage in certain cancers, suggesting that reactivation of progenitor functions supports tumorigenicity. Here, we review recent findings that establish the essential role of cellular reprogramming during neoplastic transformation and the major players involved in it with a special emphasis on pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilotpal Roy
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Matthias Hebrok
- Diabetes Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
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