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Bai G, Wei N, Li F, Zhao P, Meng Z, Zou B, Liu Y, Xu K, Li K, Yao C, Yang P. Function and transcriptional regulation of TCTN1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2021; 47:26. [PMID: 34859261 PMCID: PMC8674709 DOI: 10.3892/or.2021.8237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common types of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with a poor survival rate. In the present study, the involvement of tectonic 1 (TCTN1) in OSCC was explored. The relevance between TCTN1 and HNSCC clinicopathological features was first analyzed and it was revealed that TCTN1 was associated with the tumor clinical stage and grade. In in vitro experiments, it was demonstrated that the proliferative, migratory and invasive capacity of OSCC CAL27 cells and SCC15 cells was significantly suppressed due to TCTN1 knockdown. Additionally, the core promoter of TCTN1 was confirmed and transcription factor AP-2 alpha (TFAP2A) was suggested as a regulator of TCTN1 mRNA expression. On the whole, the present study elucidated the direct association between TCTN1 and OSCC for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, and the TFAP2A/TCTN1 axis was suggested as a potential novel therapeutic target for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangliang Bai
- Department of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Precision Biomedicine (Liaocheng), Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Ning Wei
- Department of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Precision Biomedicine (Liaocheng), Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Fang Li
- Clinical Laboratory, Heze Municipal Hospital, Heze, Shandong 274000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Department of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Precision Biomedicine (Liaocheng), Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Meng
- Department of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Precision Biomedicine (Liaocheng), Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Bo Zou
- Department of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Precision Biomedicine (Liaocheng), Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Yujiao Liu
- Department of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Precision Biomedicine (Liaocheng), Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Precision Biomedicine (Liaocheng), Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Keyi Li
- Department of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Precision Biomedicine (Liaocheng), Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
| | - Chao Yao
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jinan Stomatological Hospital, Jinan, Shandong 250000, P.R. China
| | - Peng Yang
- Department of Stomatology and Key Laboratory of Precision Biomedicine (Liaocheng), Liaocheng People's Hospital, Medical College of Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China
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2
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Luo H, Ma C, Shao J, Cao J. Prognostic Implications of Novel Ten-Gene Signature in Uveal Melanoma. Front Oncol 2020; 10:567512. [PMID: 33194647 PMCID: PMC7661968 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.567512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular cancer in adults. Genomic studies have provided insights into molecular subgroups and oncogenic drivers of UM that may lead to novel therapeutic strategies. Methods: Dataset TCGA-UVM, download from TCGA portal, were taken as the training cohort, and dataset GSE22138, obtained from GEO database, was set as the validation cohort. In training cohort, Kaplan-Meier analysis and univariate Cox regression model were applied to preliminary screen prognostic genes. Besides, the Cox regression model with LASSO was implemented to build a multi-gene signature, which was then validated in the validation cohorts through Kaplan-Meier, Cox, and ROC analyses. In addition, the correlation between copy number aberrations and risk score was evaluated by Spearman test. GSEA and immune infiltrating analyses were conducted for understanding function annotation and the role of the signature in the tumor microenvironment. Results: A ten-gene signature was built, and it was examined by Kaplan-Meier analysis revealing that significantly overall survival, progression-free survival, and metastasis-free survival difference was seen. The ten-gene signature was further proven to be an independent risk factor compared to other clinic-pathological parameters via the Cox regression analysis. Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis results demonstrated a better predictive power of the UM prognosis that our signature owned. The ten-gene signature was significantly correlated with copy numbers of chromosome 3, 8q, 6q, and 6p. Furthermore, GSEA and immune infiltrating analyses showed that the signature had close interactions with immune-related pathways and the tumor environment. Conclusions: Identifying the ten-gene signature (SIRT3, HMCES, SLC44A3, TCTN1, STPG1, POMGNT2, RNF208, ANXA2P2, ULBP1, and CA12) could accurately identify patients' prognosis and had close interactions with the immunodominant tumor environment, which may provide UM patients with personalized prognosis prediction and new treatment insights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Luo
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chao Ma
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BCRT-Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jinping Shao
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Zhang Q, Fu Y, Zhao Y, Cui S, Wang J, Liu F, Yuan Y, Galons H, Yu P, Teng Y. 5-Acetamido-1-(methoxybenzyl) isatin inhibits tumor cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. RSC Adv 2019; 9:36690-36698. [PMID: 35539063 PMCID: PMC9075125 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07002h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Indole and its derivatives are widely distributed in both animals and plants. Among its array of biological activities, the anti-tumor activity of indole has garnered much attention. Furthermore, the synthesis and activity of indole derivatives, including isatin, constitute a flourishing research topic. Previously, many isatin derivatives were synthesized by our group, and 5-acetamido-1-(methoxybenzyl) isatin was screened as a candidate anti-tumor agent. In this study, we found that 5-acetamido-1-(methoxybenzyl) isatin inhibited the proliferation of several tumor cell lines, especially the human leukemia cell line K562. Morphological observation suggested that 5-acetamido-1-(methoxybenzyl) isatin induced apoptosis and caused cell cycle arrest in K562 cells. Flow cytometry revealed that 5-acetamido-1-(methoxybenzyl) isatin induced mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis in K562 cells. Moreover, it downregulated Cyclin B and CDC25C and upregulated p-CDC25C and p-CDK1 (Thr14), and induced K562 cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase. Findings from wound healing as well as transwell assay determined that 5-acetamido-1-(methoxybenzyl) isatin could suppress migration and chemotaxis in HepG2 liver cancer cells. 5-Acetamido-1-(methoxybenzyl) isatin also inhibited angiogenesis of the human umbilical vein endothelial cell line HUVEC, determined via a cell tube formation study. A clone formation study indicated that 5-acetamido-1-(methoxybenzyl) isatin can inhibit tumor cell proliferation and population dependence in a concentration-dependent manner. Thus, our findings support that 5-acetamido-1-(methoxybenzyl) isatin could be used as a potential antitumor candidate in future investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Ying Fu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Yufan Zhao
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Shanshan Cui
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Jing Wang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Fengxi Liu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Hervé Galons
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
- UCTBS, INSERM U1022, Université Paris Descartes 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire 75006 France
| | - Peng Yu
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
| | - Yuou Teng
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Food Nutrition/Safety and Medicinal Chemistry, State Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Tianjin University of Science and Technology Tianjin 300457 China
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Chai L, Yang G. MiR-216a-5p targets TCTN1 to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2019; 24:46. [PMID: 31297133 PMCID: PMC6599256 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-019-0166-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background MiR-216a-5p has been reported to be associated with several tumors, including prostate cancer and melanoma. However, its expression level and potential role in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) remain uncertain. Results Here, we found that miR-216a-5p expression was significantly down-regulated in clinical ESCC tissues and cells. Functional assays were performed to evaluate the biological effects of miR-216a-5p on cell proliferation and cell apoptosis by CCK-8 assay and flow cytometry in ESCC cell lines, EC9706 and TE-9. The results showed that miR-216a-5p overexpression repressed cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis. Through bioinformatics prediction and luciferase reporter assay, we revealed that miR-216a-5p could directly target tectonic family member 1 (TCTN1). Moreover, TCTN1 was obviously suppressed by miR-216a-5p overexpression. In addition, TCTN1 expression was significantly increased and inversely correlated with the levels of miR-216a-5p in ESCC tissues. More importantly, down-regulation of TCTN1 imitated, while restoration of TCTN reversed the effects of miR-216a-5p on cell proliferation and apoptosis. At the molecular level, we further found that TCTN1 overexpression reversed the effects of miR-216a-5p transfection on the expression of PCNA, Bcl-2 and Bad. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that miR-216a-5p might serve as a tumor suppressor in ESCC cells through negatively regulating TCTN1 expression, indicating the possibility that miR-216a-5p and TCTN1 might be attractive targets for ESCC therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixun Chai
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, No. 99 Dragon City Street, Taiyuan, 030012 Shanxi Province China
| | - Gengpu Yang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanxi Dayi Hospital, No. 99 Dragon City Street, Taiyuan, 030012 Shanxi Province China
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5
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Liu W, Wan X, Mu Z, Li F, Wang L, Zhao J, Huang X. MiR-1256 suppresses proliferation and migration of non-small cell lung cancer via regulating TCTN1. Oncol Lett 2018; 16:1708-1714. [PMID: 30008857 PMCID: PMC6036276 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Mounting evidence has shown that miRNA expression is abnormal in various human cancers. Here, we mainly explored the biological function and the potential mechanisms of miR-1256 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The miR-1256 mRNA expression was detected by quantitative real-time PCR and tectonic family member 1 (TCTN1) mRNA expression was detected by immunoblotting. The TCTN1 was identified to be the direct and specific target gene of miR-1256 by luciferase reporter assay. Cell proliferation was examined by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay and migration was detected by transwell assay. MiR-1256 expression was downregulated in NSCLC tissues, whereas the expression of TCTN1 was upregulated, compared with normal tissues. We also found that overexpression of miR-1256 in these NSCLC cell lines inhibited cell proliferation and migration. Furthermore, TCTN1 was identified as a direct target of miR-1256 by luciferase reporter assays. Collectively, these data stated that the inhibitory effect of miR-1256 in NSCLC was realized by upregulating TCTN1, suggesting that miR-1256/TCTN1 axis may play a critical role as NSCLC therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, P.R. China
| | - Xiuwei Wan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, P.R. China
| | - Zongyun Mu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, P.R. China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, P.R. China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, P.R. China
| | - Xiaori Huang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, People's Hospital of Rizhao, Rizhao, Shandong 276826, P.R. China
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6
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van de Merbel AF, van der Horst G, Buijs JT, van der Pluijm G. Protocols for Migration and Invasion Studies in Prostate Cancer. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1786:67-79. [PMID: 29786787 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7845-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the most common malignancy diagnosed in men in the western world. The development of distant metastases and therapy resistance are major clinical problems in the management of prostate cancer patients. In order for prostate cancer to metastasize to distant sites in the human body, prostate cancer cells have to migrate and invade neighboring tissue. Cancer cells can acquire a migratory and invasive phenotype in several ways, including single cell and collective migration. As a requisite for migration, epithelial prostate cancer cells often need to acquire a motile, mesenchymal-like phenotype. This way prostate cancer cells often lose polarity and epithelial characteristics (e.g., expression of E-cadherin homotypic adhesion receptor), and acquire mesenchymal phenotype (for example, cytoskeletal rearrangements, enhanced expression of proteolytic enzymes and other repertory of integrins). This process is referred to as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Cellular invasion, one of the hallmarks of cancer, is characterized by the movement of cells through a three-dimensional matrix, resulting in remodeling of the cellular environment. Cellular invasion requires adhesion, proteolysis of the extracellular matrix, and migration of cells. Studying the migratory and invasive ability of cells in vitro represents a useful tool to assess the aggressiveness of solid cancers, including those of the prostate.This chapter provides a comprehensive description of the Transwell migration assay, a commonly used technique to investigate the migratory behavior of prostate cancer cells in vitro. Furthermore, we will provide an overview of the adaptations to the Transwell migration protocol to study the invasive capacity of prostate cancer cells, i.e., the Transwell invasion assay. Finally, we will present a detailed description of the procedures required to stain the Transwell filter inserts and quantify the migration and/or invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jeroen T Buijs
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gabri van der Pluijm
- Department of Urology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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7
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Xu P, Xia X, Yang Z, Tian Y, Di J, Guo M. Silencing of TCTN1 inhibits proliferation, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human thyroid cancer. Exp Ther Med 2017; 14:3720-3726. [PMID: 29042969 PMCID: PMC5639387 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.4940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Tectonic family member 1 (TCTN1) is one of the tectonic family members, and a regulator of the hedgehog signaling pathway, which has been studied in various cancer types, including prostate and pancreatic cancer. However, its function in thyroid cancer has not been well documented. Therefore, the present study investigated the function of TCTN1 in thyroid cancer using a loss-of-function assay. Lentivirus-mediated RNA interference was applied to downregulate TCTN1 in the thyroid cancer cell lines, CAL62 and 8305C. A series of functional properties, including cell viability, colony formation, cell cycle and apoptosis were determined using MTT, colony formation assay and flow cytometry analyses, respectively. The results demonstrated that lentivirus-medicated RNAi could specifically suppress the expression of TCTN1 at the mRNA and protein levels in CAL62, and 8305C cells. Knockdown of TCTN1 inhibited cell growth and proliferation via inducing S phase arrest, and apoptosis. Mechanistically, the S phase arrest was accompanied by the upregulation of cyclin dependent kinase 2, cyclin A2 and downregulation of cyclin B1. Knockdown of TCTN1 induced apoptosis through increasing the expression of Bcl2-associated agonist of cell death, cleaved caspase-3 and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase, and decreasing apoptosis regulator Bcl-2 expression. The current study highlights the essential role of TCTN1 in promoting thyroid cancer cell proliferation, and its knockdown may serve as a potential therapeutic treatment for thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Xu
- Department of Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Xiaotian Xia
- Department of Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Zhili Yang
- Department of Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Tian
- Department of Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
| | - Jianzhong Di
- Department of Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China.,Department of Surgery, The People's Hospital of Xigaze, 857000 Tibet, P.R. China
| | - Minggao Guo
- Department of Surgery, The Sixth People's Hospital of Shanghai, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200233, P.R. China
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Dai X, Dong M, Yu H, Xie Y, Yu Y, Cao Y, Kong Z, Zhou B, Xu Y, Yang T, Li K. Knockdown of TCTN1 Strongly Decreases Growth of Human Colon Cancer Cells. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:452-461. [PMID: 28123172 PMCID: PMC5291083 DOI: 10.12659/msm.899595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Tectonic family member 1 (TCTN1), a member of the tectonic family, is involved in several developmental processes and is aberrantly expressed in multiple solid tumors. However, the expression and regulation of TCTN1 in human colorectal cancer (CRC) is still not clear. Material/Methods The expression of TCTN1 mRNA was first explored by using Oncomine microarray datasets. TCTN1 expression was silenced in human CRC cell lines HCT116 and SW1116 via RNA interference (RNAi). Furthermore, we investigated the effect of TCTN1 depletion on CRC cell growth by MTT, colony formation, and flow cytometry in vitro. Results In this study, meta-analysis showed that the expressions of TCTN1 mRNA in CRC specimens were significantly higher than that in normal specimens. Knockdown of TCTN1 expression potently inhibited the abilities of cell proliferation and colony formation as determined. Flow cytometry analysis showed that depletion of TCTN1 could cause cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. In addition, Annexin V/7-AAD double-staining indicated that TCTN1 silencing promoted cell apoptosis through down-regulation of caspase 3 and Bcl-2 and upregulation of cleaved caspase 3 and PARP. Conclusions Our results indicate that TCTN1 may be crucial for CRC cell growth, providing a novel alternative to target therapies of CRC. Further research on this topic is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Dai
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Ningbo Second Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Mingjun Dong
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Ningbo Second Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Ningbo Second Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yangyang Xie
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Ningbo Second Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yongming Yu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Ningbo Second Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yisheng Cao
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Ningbo Second Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Zhenfang Kong
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Ningbo Second Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Baofeng Zhou
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Ningbo Second Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yidong Xu
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Ningbo Second Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Tong Yang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Ningbo Second Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Keqiang Li
- Clinical Research Center, Ningbo Second Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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