1
|
Zheng S, Ma R, Yang Y, Li G. Psilocybin for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1420601. [PMID: 39050672 PMCID: PMC11266071 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1420601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) stands as a formidable neurodegenerative ailment and a prominent contributor to dementia. The scarcity of available therapies for AD accentuates the exigency for innovative treatment modalities. Psilocybin, a psychoactive alkaloid intrinsic to hallucinogenic mushrooms, has garnered attention within the neuropsychiatric realm due to its established safety and efficacy in treating depression. Nonetheless, its potential as a therapeutic avenue for AD remains largely uncharted. This comprehensive review endeavors to encapsulate the pharmacological effects of psilocybin while elucidating the existing evidence concerning its potential mechanisms contributing to a positive impact on AD. Specifically, the active metabolite of psilocybin, psilocin, elicits its effects through the modulation of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (5-HT2A receptor). This modulation causes heightened neural plasticity, diminished inflammation, and improvements in cognitive functions such as creativity, cognitive flexibility, and emotional facial recognition. Noteworthy is psilocybin's promising role in mitigating anxiety and depression symptoms in AD patients. Acknowledging the attendant adverse reactions, we proffer strategies aimed at tempering or mitigating its hallucinogenic effects. Moreover, we broach the ethical and legal dimensions inherent in psilocybin's exploration for AD treatment. By traversing these avenues, We propose therapeutic potential of psilocybin in the nuanced management of Alzheimer's disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyi Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of General Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xiang C, Hong SM, Zhao B, Pi H, Du F, Lu X, Tang Y, Shen N, Yang C, Wang R. Fibroblast expression of neurotransmitter receptor HTR2A associates with inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis joint. Clin Exp Med 2024; 24:84. [PMID: 38662111 PMCID: PMC11045650 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01352-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The study of neuroimmune crosstalk and the involvement of neurotransmitters in inflammation and bone health has illustrated their significance in joint-related conditions. One important mode of cell-to-cell communication in the synovial fluid (SF) is through extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying microRNAs (miRNAs). The role of neurotransmitter receptors in the pathogenesis of inflammatory joint diseases, and whether there are specific miRNAs regulating differentially expressed HTR2A, contributing to the inflammatory processes and bone metabolism is unclear. Expression of neurotransmitter receptors and their correlated inflammatory molecules were identified in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA) synovium from a scRNA-seq dataset. Immunohistochemistry staining of synovial tissue (ST) from RA and OA patients was performed for validation. Expression of miRNAs targeting HTR2A carried by SF EVs was screened in low- and high-grade inflammation RA from a public dataset and validated by qPCR. HTR2A reduction by target miRNAs was verified by miRNAs mimics transfection into RA fibroblasts. HTR2A was found to be highly expressed in fibroblasts derived from RA synovial tissue. Its expression showed a positive correlation with the degree of inflammation observed. 5 miRNAs targeting HTR2A were decreased in RA SF EVs compared to OA, three of which, miR-214-3p, miR-3120-5p and miR-615-3p, mainly derived from monocytes in the SF, were validated as regulators of HTR2A expression. The findings suggest that fibroblast HTR2A may play a contributory role in inflammation and the pathogenesis of RA. Additionally, targeting miRNAs that act upon HTR2A could present novel therapeutic strategies for alleviating inflammation in RA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Xiang
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Soon-Min Hong
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Bingjiao Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital & School of Stomatology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Pi
- Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang Medical College, Nanchang, China
| | - Fang Du
- Department of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyu Lu
- Department of Endocrinology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanjia Tang
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China
| | - Nan Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China.
| | - Chunxi Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China.
| | - Runci Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Rheumatology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University (SJTUSM), Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bahr F, Ricke-Hoch M, Ponimaskin E, Müller F. Serotonin Receptors in Myocardial Infarction: Friend or Foe? ACS Chem Neurosci 2024; 15:1619-1634. [PMID: 38573542 PMCID: PMC11027101 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.4c00031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and treatment costs pose a major burden on the global health care system. Despite the variety of treatment options, individual recovery can be still poor and the mortality rate, especially in the first few years after the event, remains high. Therefore, intense research is currently focused on identifying novel target molecules to improve the outcome following AMI. One of the potentially interesting targets is the serotonergic system (5-HT system), not at least because of its connection to mental disorders. It is known that patients suffering from AMI have an increased risk of developing depression and vice versa. This implicates that the 5-HT system can be affected in response to AMI and might thus represent a target structure for patients' treatment. This review aims to highlight the importance of the 5-HT system after AMI by describing the role of individual serotonin receptors (5-HTR) in the regulation of physiological and pathophysiological responses. It particularly focuses on the signaling pathways of the serotonin receptors 1, 2, 4, and 7, which are expressed in the cardiovascular system, during disease onset, and the following remodeling process. This overview also emphasizes the importance of the 5-HT system in AMI etiology and highlights 5-HTRs as potential treatment targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F.S. Bahr
- Cellular
Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - M. Ricke-Hoch
- Cardiology
and Angiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - E. Ponimaskin
- Cellular
Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - F.E. Müller
- Cellular
Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Robinson GI, Li D, Wang B, Rahman T, Gerasymchuk M, Hudson D, Kovalchuk O, Kovalchuk I. Psilocybin and Eugenol Reduce Inflammation in Human 3D EpiIntestinal Tissue. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:2345. [PMID: 38137946 PMCID: PMC10744792 DOI: 10.3390/life13122345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), by contributing to tissue damage and exacerbating the immune response. The investigation of serotonin receptor 2A (5-HT2A) ligands and transient receptor potential (TRP) channel ligands is of significant interest due to their potential to modulate key inflammatory pathways, mitigate the pathological effects of inflammation, and offer new avenues for therapeutic interventions in IBD. This study investigates the anti-inflammatory effects of 5-HT2A ligands, including psilocybin, 4-AcO-DMT, and ketanserin, in combination with TRP channel ligands, including capsaicin, curcumin, and eugenol, on the inflammatory response induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ in human 3D EpiIntestinal tissue. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assess the expression of pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, MCP-1, and GM-CSF. Our results show that psilocybin, 4-AcO-DMT, and eugenol significantly reduce TNF-α and IFN-γ levels, while capsaicin and curcumin decrease these markers to a lesser extent. Psilocybin effectively lowers IL-6 and IL-8 levels, but curcumin, capsaicin, and 4-AcO-DMT have limited effects on these markers. In addition, psilocybin can significantly decrease MCP-1 and GM-CSF levels. While ketanserin lowers IL-6 and GM-CSF levels, there are no effects seen on TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-8, or MCP-1. Although synergistic effects between 5-HT2A and TRP channel ligands are minimal in this study, the results provide further evidence of the anti-inflammatory effects of psilocybin and eugenol. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of action and the feasibility of using these compounds as anti-inflammatory therapies for conditions like IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Ian Robinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Dongping Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Tahiat Rahman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Marta Gerasymchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Darryl Hudson
- GoodCap Pharmaceuticals, 520 3rd Avenue SW, Suite 1900, Calgary, AB T2P 0R3, Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Robinson GI, Li D, Wang B, Zahoruiko Y, Gerasymchuk M, Hudson D, Kovalchuk O, Kovalchuk I. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Serotonin Receptor and Transient Receptor Potential Channel Ligands in Human Small Intestinal Epithelial Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6743-6774. [PMID: 37623246 PMCID: PMC10453699 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation and dysbiosis can lead to inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) and systemic inflammation, affecting multiple organs. Developing novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics is crucial for preventing IBD progression. Serotonin receptor type 2A (5-HT2A) ligands, including psilocybin (Psi), 4-Acetoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (4-AcO-DMT), and ketanserin (Ket), along with transient receptor potential (TRP) channel ligands like capsaicin (Cap), curcumin (Cur), and eugenol (Eug), show promise as anti-inflammatory agents. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects of Psi, 4-AcO-DMT, Ket, Cap, Cur, and Eug on human small intestinal epithelial cells (HSEIC). HSEIC were exposed to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interferon (IFN)-γ for 24 h to induce an inflammatory response, followed by treatment with each compound at varying doses (0-800 μM) for 24 to 96 h. The cytotoxicity was assessed using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and protein expression by Western blot (WB) analysis. As single treatments, Psi (40 μM), Cur (0.5 μM), and Eug (50 μM) significantly reduced COX-2 levels without cytotoxic effects. When combined, Psi (40 μM) and Cur (0.5 μM) exhibited synergy, resulting in a substantial decrease in COX-2 protein levels (-28× fold change), although the reduction in IL-6 was less pronounced (-1.6× fold change). Psi (20 μM) and Eug (25 μM) demonstrated the most favorable outcomes, with significant decreases in COX-2 (-19× fold change) and IL-6 (-10× fold change) protein levels. Moreover, the combination of Psi and Eug did not induce cytotoxic effects in vitro at any tested doses. This study is the first to explore the anti-inflammatory potential of psilocybin and 4-AcO-DMT in the intestines while highlighting the potential for synergy between the 5-HT2A and TRP channel ligands, specifically Psi and Eug, in alleviating the TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced inflammatory response in HSEIC. Further investigations should evaluate if the Psi and Eug combination has the therapeutic potential to treat IBD in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory Ian Robinson
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (G.I.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Dongping Li
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (G.I.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (G.I.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Yeva Zahoruiko
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (G.I.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Marta Gerasymchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (G.I.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Darryl Hudson
- GoodCap Pharmaceuticals, Calgary, AB T2P 0R3, Canada
| | - Olga Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (G.I.R.); (M.G.)
| | - Igor Kovalchuk
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Lethbridge, Lethbridge, AB T1K 3M4, Canada; (G.I.R.); (M.G.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang B, Cui L, Song Q, Liu M, Kou J, Sun S, Chen H, Shi Y, Wu Z, Dai Z. Excessive dietary L-tryptophan regulated amino acids metabolism and serotonin signaling in the colon of weaning piglets with acetate-induced gut inflammation. Amino Acids 2023; 55:403-412. [PMID: 36648538 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-023-03239-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
L-Tryptophan (Trp) was shown to improve the gut barrier and growth of weaning piglets. However, whether excessive dietary Trp regulates amino acids (AAs) metabolism and gut serotonin (5-HT) homeostasis in piglets with gut inflammation is not clear yet. We hypothesize that excessive dietary Trp alleviates acetate-induced colonic inflammation and gut barrier damage in weaning piglets partially through the regulation of colonic AAs metabolism and 5-HT signaling. Fifty-four 21-day-old weaned piglets were divided into six groups: control, acetate, 0.2%Trp, 0.2%Trp + acetate, 0.4% Trp, and 0.4%Trp + acetate. Piglets were fed a basal diet supplemented with 0%, 0.2%, or 0.4% of Trp throughout the 12-day experiment. During days 0-7, all piglets had free access to diet and drinking water. On day 8, piglets were intrarectal administered with 10 mL of 10% acetate saline solution or 0.9% saline. During days 8-12, all piglets were pair-fed the same amount of feed per kg bodyweight. Results showed that excessive dietary Trp alleviated acetate-induced reductions in daily weight gain and increase in feed/gain ratio. Trp restored (P < 0.05) acetate-induced increase in concentrations of free aspartate, glutamate/glutamine, glycine, 5-HT, and 3-methylindole in the colon, downregulation of zonula occludens-1 and 5-HT reuptake transporter (SERT) expression and upregulation of IL-1β, IL-8, TLR4, and 5-HT receptor 2A (HTR2A) expression, and the increase in ratios of p-STAT3/ STAT3 and p-p65/p65 in the colon. The above findings suggested that excessive dietary Trp in the proper amount regulated colonic AAs metabolism, 5-HT homeostasis, and signaling that may contribute as important regulators of gut inflammation during the weaning transition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingqing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Moyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiao Kou
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiqiang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yahui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaolai Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Gupta D, Kaushik D, Mohan V. Role of neurotransmitters in the regulation of cutaneous wound healing. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:1649-1659. [PMID: 35488904 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-022-06372-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Wound healing is a highly coordinated and dynamic process of tissue repair after injury. The global burden of disease associated with wounds, both acute and chronic, is a significantly rising health concern. Upon skin wounding, neurons have the ability to sense the disruption to mediate the release of neurotransmitters into the wound microenvironment. Serotonin that has long been recognised as a potential vasoconstrictor is now also being contemplated to play a role in re-epithelialisation of wounds. While the role of neuropeptides in stimulating diabetic wound healing is being increasingly emphasised, on the other hand, dopamine is being widely studied for its dual role in mediating both pro- and antiangiogenic effects at the site of the wounds. Similarly, epinephrine levels that are known to be elevated during stress is now recognised as a contributing factor towards delayed wound closure, thereby serving as an inhibitor of wound healing. Thus, each neurotransmitter regulates wound repair and their active regeneration in a typical way. Strengthening our understanding of the molecular pathways via which the neurotransmitter modulates the immune system to control wound healing can yield potential therapeutic measures. Further investigations regarding the safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness of these processes are a prerequisite for their possible translation into clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, Neurosciences, Gurugram University, Sector-51, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Dhirender Kaushik
- Department of Life Sciences, Neurosciences, Gurugram University, Sector-51, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Vandana Mohan
- Department of Life Sciences, Neurosciences, Gurugram University, Sector-51, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Jin J, Xu F, Zhang Y, Guan J, Liang X, Zhang Y, Yuan A, Liu R, Fu J. Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats is probably due to the activation of the 5-HT degradation system in proximal renal tubular epithelial cells. Life Sci 2021; 285:120002. [PMID: 34599937 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.120002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the relationship between renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (RIRI) and the activation of the renal 5-HT degradation system, including 5-HT2A receptor (5-HT2AR), 5-HT synthases and monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A). MAIN METHODS Rat RIRI was induced by removing the right kidney, causing ischemia of the left kidney for 45 min and reperfusion for different times. RIRI model (ischemia for 45 min and reperfusion for 24 h) was pretreated with 5-HT2AR antagonist sarpogrelate hydrochloride (SH) and the 5-HT synthase inhibitor carbidopa. In HK-2 cells, cellular damage was induced by hypoxia (24 h)/reoxygenation (12 h) (H/R) and treated with SH, carbidopa or the MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline. Hematoxylin-eosin, immunohistochemistry, TUNEL and fluorescent probe staining, RT-qPCR, western blotting, ELISA, etc. were used in the tests. KEY FINDINGS The development of RIRI and the emergence of the RIRI peak were consistent with renal 5-HT degradation system activation. The highest expression regions of the 5-HT degradation system overlapped with those of the most severe lesions in the kidney, which were in proximal renal tubules. Rat RIRI and HK-2 cell damage, including oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis, could be almost abolished by synergistic inhibition of SH and carbidopa. Clorgyline also abolished the cellular damage induced by H/R. H/R-induced production of mitochondrial ROS in HK-2 cells was due to MAO-A-catalyzed 5-HT degradation, and 5-HT2AR was involved by mediating the expression of 5-HT synthases and MAO-A. SIGNIFICANCE These findings revealed a close association between RIRI and activation of the renal 5-HT degradation system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Jin
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Fan Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Jing Guan
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Xiurui Liang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210003, China
| | - Ansheng Yuan
- School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Runkun Liu
- School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Jihua Fu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210003, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Su L, Su Y, An Z, Zhang P, Yue Q, Zhao C, Sun X, Zhang S, Liu X, Li K, Zhao L. Fermentation products of Danshen relieved dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental ulcerative colitis in mice. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16210. [PMID: 34376708 PMCID: PMC8355158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94594-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
With the increased incidence and recognition, ulcerative colitis (UC) has become a global public health problem in the world. Although many immunosuppressant and biological drugs have been used for UC treatment, the cure rate is still very low. It is necessary to find some safe and long-term used medicine for UC cure. Recently, the Chinese traditional herb Danshen has been investigated in the treatment of UC. However, it is a limitation of Danshen that many of the active components in Danshen are not easily absorbed by the human body. Probiotics could convert macromolecules into smaller molecules to facilitate absorption. Thus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus (F-B4-1) and Bacillus subtillis Natto (F-A7-1) were screened to ferment Danshen in this study. The fermented Danshen products were gavaged in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC model mice. Danshen had better results to attenuate symptoms of DSS-induced UC after fermented with F-B4-1 and F-A7-1. Loss of body weight and disease activity index (DAI) were reduced. The abnormally short colon lengths and colonic damage were recovered. And fermented Danshen had the better inhibitory effect than Danshen itself on pro-inflammatory cytokine expression during DSS-induced UC. The results indicated that compared with Danshen, fermented Danshen relieved DSS-induced UC in mice more effectively. Danshen fermented by probiotics might be an effective treatment to UC in clinic stage in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Le Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Yue Su
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Zaiyong An
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Qiulin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food and Fermentation Engineering, Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research and Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250013, China
| | - Xin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Song Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Xinli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Kunlun Li
- Jinan Hangchen Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Jinan, 250353, China
| | - Lin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, School of Bioengineering, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250353, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu N, Sun S, Wang P, Sun Y, Hu Q, Wang X. The Mechanism of Secretion and Metabolism of Gut-Derived 5-Hydroxytryptamine. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22157931. [PMID: 34360695 PMCID: PMC8347425 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22157931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a metabolite of tryptophan and is reported to modulate the development and neurogenesis of the enteric nervous system, gut motility, secretion, inflammation, sensation, and epithelial development. Approximately 95% of 5-HT in the body is synthesized and secreted by enterochromaffin (EC) cells, the most common type of neuroendocrine cells in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, through sensing signals from the intestinal lumen and the circulatory system. Gut microbiota, nutrients, and hormones are the main factors that play a vital role in regulating 5-HT secretion by EC cells. Apart from being an important neurotransmitter and a paracrine signaling molecule in the gut, gut-derived 5-HT was also shown to exert other biological functions (in autism and depression) far beyond the gut. Moreover, studies conducted on the regulation of 5-HT in the immune system demonstrated that 5-HT exerts anti-inflammatory and proinflammatory effects on the gut by binding to different receptors under intestinal inflammatory conditions. Understanding the regulatory mechanisms through which 5-HT participates in cell metabolism and physiology can provide potential therapeutic strategies for treating intestinal diseases. Herein, we review recent evidence to recapitulate the mechanisms of synthesis, secretion, regulation, and biofunction of 5-HT to improve the nutrition and health of humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.W.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shiqiang Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713ZG Groningen, The Netherlands;
- Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713ZG Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Pengjie Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.W.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanan Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.W.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qingjuan Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (P.W.); (Y.S.); (Q.H.)
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6273-8589
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zimering MB. Severe COVID-19 Pneumonia is Associated with Increased Plasma Immunoglobulin G Agonist Autoantibodies Targeting the 5-Hydroxytryptamine 2A Receptor. ENDOCRINOLOGY, DIABETES AND METABOLISM JOURNAL 2021; 5:1-9. [PMID: 33680365 DOI: 10.31038/edmj.2021511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Aims To test whether plasma autoantibodies targeting the 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor increase in COVID-19 infection; and to characterize the pharmacologic specificity, and signaling pathway activation occurring downstream of receptor binding in mouse neuroblastoma N2A cells and cell toxicity of the autoantibodies. Methods Plasma obtained from nineteen, older COVID-19 patients having mild or severe infection was subjected to protein-A affinity chromatography to obtain immunoglobulin G fraction. One-fortieth dilution of the protein-A eluate was tested for binding to a linear synthetic peptide QN.18 corresponding to the second extracellular loop of the human 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor. Mouse neuroblastoma N2A cells were incubated with COVID-19 IgG autoantibodies in the presence or absence of selective inhibitors of G-protein coupled receptors, signaling pathway antagonists, or a novel decoy receptor peptide. Results 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor autoantibody binding occurred in 17 of 19 (89%) patients with acute COVID-19 infection and increased level was significantly correlated with increased severity of COVID-19 infection. The agonist autoantibodies mediated acute neurite retraction in mouse neuroblastoma cells by a mechanism involving Gq11/PLC/IP3R/Ca2+ activation and RhoA/Rho kinase pathway signaling occurring downstream of receptor binding which had pharmacologic specificity consistent with binding to the 5-HT2A receptor. A novel synthetic peptide 5-HT2AR fragment, SN..8, dose-dependently blocked autoantibody-induced neurotoxicity. The COVID-19 autoantibodies displayed acute toxicity in bovine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (stress fiber formation, contraction) and modulated proliferation in a manner consistent with known 'biased agonism' on the 5-HT2A receptor. Conclusion These data suggest that 5-HT2AR targeting autoantibodies are highly prevalent may contribute to pathophysiology in acute, severe COVID-19 infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark B Zimering
- Veterans Affairs New Jersey Healthcare System, East Orange NJ, USA.,Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Zimering MB, Razzaki T, Tsang T, Shin JJ. Inverse Association between Serotonin 2A Receptor Antagonist Medication Use and Mortality in Severe COVID-19 Infection. ENDOCRINOLOGY, DIABETES AND METABOLISM JOURNAL 2020; 4:1-5. [PMID: 33117497 PMCID: PMC7590925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Advanced age and medical co-morbidity are strong predictors of mortality in COVID-19 infection. Yet few studies (to date) have specifically addressed risk factors associated with COVID-19 mortality in a high-risk subgroup of older US adults having one or more chronic diseases. Our hypothesis is that medications having 'off-target' anti-inflammatory effects may play a role in modulating the immune response in COVID-19 infection. We analyzed baseline risk factors associated with respiratory failure or death in 55 older adult US military veterans hospitalized for COVID-19 infection during (March-June 2020) the peak of the pandemic in New Jersey. Fifty-three percent (29/55) of patients experienced respiratory failure and thirty-one percent (17/55) died. In adjusted logistic regression analysis, baseline neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (P=0.0035) and body mass index (P=0.03) were significant predictors of the risk for respiratory failure. Age (P=0.05) and non-use (vs. use) of psychotropic medications having serotonin 2A receptor antagonist properties (odds ratio 5.06; 95% confidence intervals 1.18-21.7; P= 0.029) was each a significant predictor of an increased risk of death. There was a significant interaction effect of age and non-use (vs.. use) of psychotropic serotonin 2A receptor antagonist medications on the odds ratio (OR) for death (P=0.011). In selected, ventilator-dependent COVID-19 pneumonia patients treated with psychotropic serotonin 2A receptor antagonist medications to control agitation and ICU delirium, there was an apparent positive association between medication use and significant rise in the absolute lymphocyte count and decrease in the neutrophil: lymphocyte ratio. Taken together, these data are the first to suggest that certain psychotropic medications used in the treatment of chronic psychiatric illness and/or for acute delirium are inversely associated with mortality in severe COVID-19 infection by unknown mechanism which may involve (in part) immunomodulatory effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark B. Zimering
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Healthcare System, East Orange, New Jersey, USA
- Rutgers-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Tanzila Razzaki
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Healthcare System, East Orange, New Jersey, USA
- Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Tiffany Tsang
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Healthcare System, East Orange, New Jersey, USA
- Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - John J. Shin
- Medical Service, Veterans Affairs New Jersey Healthcare System, East Orange, New Jersey, USA
- Rutgers-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Xiao J, Zhang G, Gao S, Shen J, Feng H, He Z, Xu C. Combined administration of SHP2 inhibitor SHP099 and the α7nAChR agonist PNU282987 protect mice against DSS‑induced colitis. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:2235-2244. [PMID: 32705242 PMCID: PMC7411392 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic inflammatory condition with complex pathogenesis that currently has no cure. α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) is known to regulate multiple aspects of immune function. The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of PNU282987 and SHP099, which are a selective agonist of α7nAChR and an SHP2 inhibitor, respectively, in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‑induced colitis in mice. Acute colitis was induced in mice using 3% DSS, and weight loss, colonic histology and cytokine production from colonic lamina propria were analyzed to evaluate disease severity. Bone marrow‑derived macrophages were treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce an inflammatory response. Cytokine expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were quantified. The α7nAChR agonist, PNU282987, and the SHP2 inhibitor, SHP099, were administered alone or in combination to LPS‑induced macrophages or to colitic model mice to evaluate the inflammatory response and protective efficacy in colitis. α7nAChR protein levels were found to be markedly increased in the colon of DSS‑induced colitic mice, and were found to co‑localize with macrophages. Consistently, α7nAChR mRNA and protein levels were upregulated with colitis progression in DSS‑induced colitic mice. Colonic inflammation was attenuated by PNU282987 treatment in DSS‑induced mice, as evidenced by reduced weight loss and alleviated colonic epithelial cell disruption. These effects of PNU282987 on colitis were enhanced when it was combined with SHP099. Cytokine production and ROS levels induced by LPS in macrophages were decreased by a combination treatment of PNU282987 and SHP099. These findings identified α7nAChR as an essential element in the role of intestinal macrophages in colonic repair and demonstrated a synergistic effect of PNU282987 and SHP099, suggesting a new potential therapy for IBD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhua Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Gufang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Sujun Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Jiaqing Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Huang Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Zhilong He
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Chunfang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Wan M, Ding L, Wang D, Han J, Gao P. Serotonin: A Potent Immune Cell Modulator in Autoimmune Diseases. Front Immunol 2020; 11:186. [PMID: 32117308 PMCID: PMC7026253 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a signaling mediator that regulates emotion, behavior, and cognition. Previous studies have focused more on the roles of 5-HT in the central nervous system (CNS). However, 5-HT also shares a strong relationship with the pathological cases of tumor, inflammation, and pathogen infection. 5-HT participates in tumor cell migration, metastatic dissemination, and angiogenesis. In addition, 5-HT affects immune regulation via different 5-HT receptors (5-HTRs) expressed immune cells, including both innate and adaptive immune system. Recently, drugs targeting at 5-HT signaling were tested to be beneficial in mouse models and clinical trials of multiple sclerosis (MS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Thus, it is reasonable to assume that 5-HT participates in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. However, the underlying mechanism by 5-HT modulates the development of autoimmune diseases has not been fully understood. Based on our previous studies and pertinent literature, we provide circumstantial evidence for an essential role of 5-HT, especially the regulation of 5-HT on immune cells in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases, which may provide a new point cut for the treatment of autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjie Wan
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lili Ding
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Intensive Care Unit, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dong Wang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jiawen Han
- Central Laboratory, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Pujun Gao
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Hodo TW, de Aquino MTP, Shimamoto A, Shanker A. Critical Neurotransmitters in the Neuroimmune Network. Front Immunol 2020; 11:1869. [PMID: 32973771 PMCID: PMC7472989 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.01869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune cells rely on cell-cell communication to specify and fine-tune their responses. They express an extensive network of cell communication modes, including a vast repertoire of cell surface and transmembrane receptors and ligands, membrane vesicles, junctions, ligand and voltage-gated ion channels, and transporters. During a crosstalk between the nervous system and the immune system these modes of cellular communication and the downstream signal transduction events are influenced by neurotransmitters present in the local tissue environments in an autocrine or paracrine fashion. Neurotransmitters thus influence innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition, immune cells send signals to the brain through cytokines, and are present in the brain to influence neural responses. Altered communication between the nervous and immune systems is emerging as a common feature in neurodegenerative and immunopathological diseases. Here, we present the mechanistic frameworks of immunostimulatory and immunosuppressive effects critical neurotransmitters - dopamine (3,4-dihydroxyphenethylamine), serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), substance P (trifluoroacetate salt powder), and L-glutamate - exert on lymphocytes and non-lymphoid immune cells. Furthermore, we discuss the possible roles neurotransmitter-driven neuroimmune networks play in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders, autoimmune diseases, cancer, and outline potential clinical implications of balancing neuroimmune crosstalk by therapeutic modulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Wesley Hodo
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Maria Teresa Prudente de Aquino
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Akiko Shimamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Anil Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Biology, Neuroscience and Pharmacology, Meharry Medical College School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.,School of Graduate Studies and Research, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, United States.,Host-Tumor Interactions Research Program, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Center for Immunobiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology and Inflammation, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Almishri W, Shaheen AA, Sharkey KA, Swain MG. The Antidepressant Mirtazapine Inhibits Hepatic Innate Immune Networks to Attenuate Immune-Mediated Liver Injury in Mice. Front Immunol 2019; 10:803. [PMID: 31031775 PMCID: PMC6474187 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the innate immune system, including tissue macrophages and associated neutrophil infiltration, is an important driver of subsequent adaptive immune responses in many autoimmune diseases, including autoimmune hepatitis (AIH). The antidepressant mirtazapine has a unique complex pharmacology, altering signaling through a number of serotonin and histamine receptors that can impact macrophage function; an effect potentially influencing AIH outcome. In the mouse model of concanavalin A (Con A) induced liver injury (mimics many aspects of human AIH), in which early innate immune activation (i.e., stimulated hepatic macrophages/monocytes recruit neutrophils and additional monocytes to the liver) critically drives immune-mediated hepatitis induction, mirtazapine strikingly and dose-dependently inhibited Con A-induced liver injury. This inflammation-suppressing effect of mirtazapine was linked to an attenuation of Con A-stimulated early innate immune responses within the liver, including inhibition of hepatic macrophage/monocyte activation, decreased hepatic macrophage/monocyte-derived pro-inflammatory cytokine (e.g., TNFα) and chemokine (e.g., CXCL1 and CXCL2) production, suppression of Con A-induced increases in the hepatic expression of the neutrophil relevant endothelial cell adhesion molecule ICAM-1, with the resultant significant reduction in neutrophil recruitment into the liver. Consistent with our findings in the Con A model, mirtazapine also significantly reduced activation-induced release of cytokine/chemokine mediators from human CD14+ monocytes in vitro. Conclusion: Our data suggest that mirtazapine can attenuate hepatic innate immune responses that critically regulate the subsequent development of autoimmune liver injury. Therefore, given that it is a safe and widely used medication, mirtazapine may represent a novel therapeutic approach to autoimmune liver disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wagdi Almishri
- Liver Unit, Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Abdel Aziz Shaheen
- Liver Unit, Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Keith A. Sharkey
- Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mark G. Swain
- Liver Unit, Snyder Institute for Chronic Disease, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Mark G. Swain
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Shao L, Liu Y, Xiao J, Wang Q, Liu F, Ding J. Activating metabotropic glutamate receptor‑7 attenuates visceral hypersensitivity in neonatal maternally separated rats. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:761-770. [PMID: 30569115 PMCID: PMC6317681 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.4022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence has indicated that metabotropic glutamate receptor-7 (mGluR7) is an important target for reducing anxiety and stress-associated behaviours. Notably, mood disorders exhibit high levels of comorbidity with gastrointestinal dysfunction; however, the role of mGluR7 outside of the central nervous system is currently unknown. Activating mGluR7 likely increases colonic secretory function. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the possible effects of mGluR7 on the visceral hypersensitivity of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in rats. The expression levels of mGluR7 were assessed in the colon tissues of rats with neonatal maternal separation (NMS)-induced visceral hypersensitivity using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. In addition, the mGluR7 agonist AMN082 (3 or 10 mg/kg; i.p.) was administered 1 h prior to the visceral hypersensitivity test, and the effects of AMN082 were then observed on the nuclear factor (NF)-κB signalling pathway. The mRNA and protein expression levels of mGluR7 were upregulated in the colon mucosa of NMS rats compared with in normal control rats. Notably, administration of AMN082 (10 mg/kg) attenuated colorectal distension (CRD)-induced visceral hypersensitivity in NMS rats. In addition, interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-β mRNA expression levels were upregulated, whereas interferon-γ mRNA expression levels were downregulated in the NMS + AMN082 group compared with in NMS rats. The number of cluster of differentiation 3+ T cells in the intestinal mucosa and myeloperoxidase activity were decreased in NMS + AMN082 rats. Furthermore, AMN082 treatment reduced the protein expression levels of phosphorylated-NF-κB in the colon tissue of NMS rats. These results indicated that activation of mGluR7 may attenuate CRD-induced visceral hypersensitivity in experimental IBS and reduce the abnormal immune cytokine response. In addition, it was suggested that the role of AMN082 in modulating the inflammatory response may be partially associated with inhibiting NF-κB activation. These data suggested that targeting mGluR7 may be useful in the treatment of stress-associated IBS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Limei Shao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Yanbing Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Junhua Xiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215000, P.R. China
| | - Qunying Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, P.R. China
| | - Jin Ding
- Department of Gastroenterology, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang 321000, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sadiq A, Shah A, Jeschke MG, Belo C, Qasim Hayat M, Murad S, Amini-Nik S. The Role of Serotonin during Skin Healing in Post-Thermal Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041034. [PMID: 29596386 PMCID: PMC5979562 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-burn trauma significantly raises tissue serotonin concentration at the initial stages of injury, which leads us to investigate its possible role in post burn wound healing. Therefore, we planned this study to examine the role of serotonin in wound healing through in vitro and in vivo models of burn injuries. Results from in vitro analysis revealed that serotonin decreased apoptosis and increased cell survival significantly in human fibroblasts and neonatal keratinocytes. Cellular proliferation also increased significantly in both cell types. Moreover, serotonin stimulation significantly accelerated the cell migration, resulting in narrowing of the scratch zone in human neonatal keratinocytes and fibroblasts cultures. Whereas, fluoxetine (a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) and ketanserin (serotonin receptor 2A inhibitor) reversed these effects. Scald burn mice model (20% total body surface area) showed that endogenous serotonin improved wound healing process in control group, whereas fluoxetine and ketanserin treatments (disruptors of endogenous serotonin stimulation), resulted in poor reepithelization, bigger wound size and high alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) count. All of these signs refer a prolonged differentiation state, which ultimately exhibits poor wound healing outcomes. Collectively, data showed that the endogenous serotonin pathway contributes to regulating the skin wound healing process. Hence, the results of this study signify the importance of serotonin as a potential therapeutic candidate for enhancing skin healing in burn patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alia Sadiq
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Ahmed Shah
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| | - Marc G Jeschke
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada.
| | - Cassandra Belo
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
| | - Muhammad Qasim Hayat
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan.
| | - Sheeba Murad
- Atta-ur-Rahman School of Applied Biosciences (ASAB), National University of Sciences & Technology (NUST), H-12 Islamabad, Pakistan.
- Molecular Immunology Unit, The Institute of Infection and Immunity, St. George's, University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK.
| | - Saeid Amini-Nik
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
- Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, ON M4N 3M5, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1P5, Canada.
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology (LMP), University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Szlachta M, Kuśmider M, Pabian P, Solich J, Kolasa M, Żurawek D, Dziedzicka-Wasylewska M, Faron-Górecka A. Repeated Clozapine Increases the Level of Serotonin 5-HT 1AR Heterodimerization with 5-HT 2A or Dopamine D 2 Receptors in the Mouse Cortex. Front Mol Neurosci 2018; 11:40. [PMID: 29497362 PMCID: PMC5818438 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein–coupled receptor (GPCR) heterodimers are new targets for the treatment of schizophrenia. Dopamine D2 receptors and serotonin 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors play an important role in neurotransmission and have been implicated in many human psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia. Therefore, in this study, we investigated whether antipsychotic drugs (clozapine (CLZ) and haloperidol (HAL)) affected the formation of heterodimers of D2–5-HT1A receptors as well as 5-HT1A–5-HT2A receptors. Proximity ligation assay (PLA) was used to accurately visualize, for the first time, GPCR heterodimers both at in vitro and ex vivo levels. In line with our previous behavioral studies, we used ketamine to induce cognitive deficits in mice. Our study confirmed the co-localization of D2/5-HT1A and 5-HT1A/5-HT2A receptors in the mouse cortex. Low-dose CLZ (0.3 mg/kg) administered repeatedly, but not CLZ at 1 mg/kg, increased the level of D2–5-HT1A and 5-HT1A–5-HT2A heterodimers in the mouse prefrontal and frontal cortex. On the other hand, HAL decreased the level of GPCR heterodimers. Ketamine affected the formation of 5-HT1A–5-HT2A, but not D2–5-HT1A, heterodimers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Szlachta
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Kuśmider
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Paulina Pabian
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Solich
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Kolasa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Dariusz Żurawek
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Agata Faron-Górecka
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lee ES, Lee MY, Kwon MH, Kim HM, Kang JS, Kim YM, Lee EY, Chung CH. Sarpogrelate hydrochloride ameliorates diabetic nephropathy associated with inhibition of macrophage activity and inflammatory reaction in db/db mice. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28640832 PMCID: PMC5480859 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sarpogrelate hydrochloride (SH), a selective serotonin 2A receptor antagonist, on diabetic nephropathy in a type 2 diabetes mouse model. We treated db/m and db/db mice with SH (30 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks. Rat renal proximal tubule cells (NRK-52E) and mouse macrophages (Raw 264.7) were stimulated by high glucose (30 mM glucose) or LPS (100 ng/ml) with or without SH (20 μM). We found that SH treatment increased serum adiponectin level and decreased urinary albumin, macrophage infiltration to glomeruli, and renal inflammatory and fibrosis signals, which were highly expressed in diabetic mice. Proximal tubule cells treated with high glucose (30 mM) also showed increased inflammatory and fibrosis signals. However, SH (20 μM) treatment reduced these changes. Moreover, SH treatment inhibited LPS-stimulated macrophage migration and activation. These findings suggest that SH ameliorates diabetic nephropathy not only by suppressing macrophage infiltration, but also by anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Soo Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Mi Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Mi-Hye Kwon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Hong Min Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jeong Suk Kang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - You Mi Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Eun Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Cheonan Hospital, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Choon Hee Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|