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Poorly Differentiated and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: Insights into Genomics, Microenvironment and New Drugs. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13133200. [PMID: 34206867 PMCID: PMC8267688 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary In the last decades, many researchers produced promising data concerning genetics and tumor microenvironment of poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC). They are trying to tear the veil covering these orphan cancers, suggesting new therapeutic weapons as single or combined therapies. Abstract PDTC and ATC present median overall survival of 6 years and 6 months, respectively. In spite of their rarity, patients with PDTC and ATC represent a significant clinical problem, because of their poor survival and the substantial inefficacy of classical therapies. We reviewed the newest findings about genetic features of PDTC and ATC, from mutations occurring in DNA to alterations in RNA. Therefore, we describe their tumor microenvironments (both immune and not-immune) and the interactions between tumor and neighboring cells. Finally, we recapitulate how this upcoming evidence are changing the treatment of PDTC and ATC.
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A three-microRNA panel in serum as novel biomarker for papillary thyroid carcinoma diagnosis. Chin Med J (Engl) 2021; 133:2543-2551. [PMID: 33009019 PMCID: PMC7722608 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000001107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating evidence has revealed that circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) can serve as non-invasive biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. This study aimed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in serum which might become potential biomarkers for non-invasive diagnosis of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Methods The experiment was carried out between 2015 and 2017. In the screening stage, the Exiqon miRNA quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) panel was applied to select candidate miRNAs. In the following training, testing, and external validation stages, the serum samples of 100 patients and 96 healthy controls (HCs) were analyzed to compare the expression levels of the identified miRNAs. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were calculated to assess the diagnostic value of the identified signature. Results Three miRNAs (miR-25-3p, miR-296-5p, and miR-92a-3p) in serum were consistently up-regulated in PTC patients compared with HCs. A three-miRNA panel was constructed by logistic regression analysis and showed better diagnostic performance than a single miRNA for PTC detection. The AUCs of the panel were 0.727, 0.771, and 0.862 for the training, testing, and external validation stage, respectively. Meanwhile, the panel showed stable capability in differentiating PTC patients from patients with benign goiters, with an AUC as high as 0.969. For further exploration, the three identified miRNAs were analyzed in tissue samples (23 PTC vs. 23 HCs) and serum-derived exosomes samples (24 PTC vs. 24 HCs), and the altered expression in the tumor also indicated their close relationship with PTC disease. Conclusion We identify a three-miRNA panel in serum which might serve as a promising biomarker for PTC diagnosis.
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Zhang Y, Hong WL, Li ZM, Zhang QY, Zeng K. The Mechanism of miR-222 Targets Matrix Metalloproteinase 1 in Regulating Fibroblast Proliferation in Hypertrophic Scars. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2021; 45:749-757. [PMID: 32350561 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-020-01727-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the value of miR-222 in hypertrophic scars (HS). Specific mechanisms were used to measure the level of miR-222, while MTT assay, flow cytometry, western blot and qRT-PCR were employed to detect the relative proteins after fibroblasts were transfected with the miR-222 mimic/inhibitor. The direct target of miR-222 was determined by Dual-Luciferase Reporter assay. Furthermore, qRT-PCR and western blot were employed to detect the matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) RNA/protein after fibroblasts were transfected with the miR-222 mimic/inhibitor. These results revealed that miR-222 was significantly upregulated in HS fibroblasts. The overexpression of miR-222 enhanced the HS fibroblast proliferation, increased the cell population in the S phase, inhibited the cell apoptosis, enhanced the expression levels of Col1A1, Col3A1 mRNA/protein, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), cyclin D1, cyclin E1 and CDK1 and reduced the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3/9. However, the miR-222 suppression triggered opposite effects. Furthermore, miR-222 played a regulatory role in HS by negatively regulating its target gene MMP1 by binding with its 3'-untranslated region. The overexpression of MMP1 reduced the expression levels of PCNA and cyclin D1, but enhanced the expression levels of cleaved caspase-3. Therefore, MiR-222 and MMP1 have potential value for HS. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei-Long Hong
- Department of Surgery Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhi-Ming Li
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi-Yu Zhang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, No. 1838 Guangzhou Road, Baiyun District, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Differential MicroRNA-Signatures in Thyroid Cancer Subtypes. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2020; 2020:2052396. [PMID: 32565797 PMCID: PMC7290866 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2052396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is one of the most common endocrine cancers, with an increasing trend in the last few decades. Although papillary thyroid cancer is the most frequent subtype compared with follicular or anaplastic thyroid cancer, it can dedifferentiate to a more aggressive phenotype, and the recurrence rate is high. The cells of follicular adenomas and follicular carcinomas appear identical in cytology, making the preoperative diagnosis difficult. On the other hand, anaplastic thyroid cancer poses a significant clinical challenge due to its aggressive nature with no effective therapeutic options. In the past several years, the roles of genetic alterations of thyroid tumors have been documented, with a remarkable correlation between genotype and phenotype, indicating that distinct molecular changes are associated with a multistep tumorigenic process. Besides mRNA expression profiles, small noncoding microRNA (miRNA) expression also showed critical functions for cell differentiation, proliferation, angiogenesis, and resistance to apoptosis and finally activating invasion and metastasis in cancer. Several high-throughput sequencing studies demonstrate that miRNA expression signatures contribute clinically relevant information including types of thyroid cancer, tumor grade, and prognosis. This review summarizes recent findings on miRNA signatures in thyroid cancer subtypes.
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Liu C, Zhang Y, Liang S, Ying Y. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1, a target of miR-222, is expressed at elevated levels in cervical cancer. Exp Ther Med 2020; 19:1673-1680. [PMID: 32104219 PMCID: PMC7027150 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.8425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression of microRNA-222 (miR-222) and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1 (ALDH1) in tissues and peripheral blood of cervical cancer patients, and to elucidate their underlying mechanisms of action. Tumor tissues and tumor-adjacent tissues were obtained from 33 cervical cancer patients and peripheral blood was obtained from these patients and 28 healthy subjects. The expression of miR-222 and ALDH1 mRNA was evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). To examine the levels of ALDH1 protein in tissues and blood, western blotting and ELISA were used. To confirm a direct interaction between miR-222 and ALDH1 mRNA, a dual luciferase reporter assay was performed. HeLA cells were transfected with agomiR-222 and expression of ALDH1 in the cells was measured by RT-qPCR and western blotting. MTT assay was preform to investigate the proliferation of HeLA cells. Expression of ALDH1 mRNA and protein was elevated in cervical cancer tissues and peripheral blood from patients compared with tumor-adjacent tissues and healthy controls, while the expression of miR-222 was reduced. Upregulation of miR-222 inhibited HeLA cell proliferation possibly due to a reduction in the expression of ALDH1. A dual luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-222 can bind with the 3′-untranslated seed region of ALDH1 mRNA to regulate its expression. miR-222 regulation of ALDH1 expression may play a role in the prevention of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changde Liu
- Clinical Laboratory, The Hui People Hospital of Beijing, Beijing 100054, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory, Yuquan Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
| | - Shanghua Liang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Dian Medical Testing Laboratory Co., Beijing 102609, P.R. China
| | - Yuhua Ying
- Department of Gynaecology, Yuquan Hospital of Tsinghua University, Beijing 100049, P.R. China
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Fayyaz S, Javed Z, Attar R, Farooqi AA, Yaylim I, Ahmad A. MicroRNA regulation of TRAIL mediated signaling in different cancers: Control of micro steering wheels during the journey from bench-top to the bedside. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 58:56-64. [PMID: 30716480 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Large-scale sequencing methodologies have helped us identify numerous genomic alterations and we have started to scratch the surface of many new targets for treatment of cancer and the associated predictive biomarkers. TRAIL (TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand) is a highly appreciated anti-cancer molecule because of its ability to selectively target cancer cells. However, confluence of information suggests that cancer cells develop resistance against TRAIL-based therapeutics. It is being realized that overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins and inactivation of pro-apoptotic proteins significantly impairs TRAIL triggered apoptosis, particularly in clinical settings. Re-balancing of pro-and anti-apoptotic proteins and upregulation of death receptors with functionally active extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways are necessary to sensitize cancer cells to TRAIL based therapeutics. microRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in regulation of myriad of molecular processes and characterized into oncogenic and tumor suppressor miRNAs. Accumulating data has identified miRNAs which positively or negatively regulate TRAIL mediated signaling in cancer cells, helping us understand different steps at which TRAIL-mediated apoptotic signaling can be targeted. Here, we assess the status of our understanding of the mechanisms related to miRNA regulation of TRAIL mediated signaling, as well as the existing gaps therein, and discuss the challenges and opportunities that will help us get closer to personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundas Fayyaz
- Department of Biochemistry, Rashid Latif Medical College (RLMC), Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Javed
- Department of Biochemistry, Rashid Latif Medical College (RLMC), Pakistan
| | - Rukset Attar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Yeditepe University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ilhan Yaylim
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aziz Sancar İnstitute of Experimental Medicine, İstanbul University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, Mitchell Cancer Institute, University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, 36604, USA.
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Ge C, Li C. Expression and regulatory role of miRNA-222 in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1673205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chen Ge
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Rui Jin Hospital North, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Changwei Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases with Integrated Chinese-Western Medicine, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Rui Jin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
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Sasanakietkul T, Murtha TD, Javid M, Korah R, Carling T. Epigenetic modifications in poorly differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2018; 469:23-37. [PMID: 28552796 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Well-differentiated thyroid cancer accounts for the majority of endocrine malignancies and, in general, has an excellent prognosis. In contrast, the less common poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) are two of the most aggressive human malignancies. Recently, there has been an increased focus on the epigenetic alterations underlying thyroid carcinogenesis, including those that drive PDTC and ATC. Dysregulated epigenetic candidates identified include the Aurora group, KMT2D, PTEN, RASSF1A, multiple non-coding RNAs (ncRNA), and the SWI/SNF chromatin-remodeling complex. A deeper understanding of the signaling pathways affected by epigenetic dysregulation may improve prognostic testing and support the advancement of thyroid-specific epigenetic therapies. This review outlines the current understanding of epigenetic alterations observed in PDTC and ATC and explores the potential for exploiting this understanding in developing novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanyawat Sasanakietkul
- Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Timothy D Murtha
- Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mahsa Javid
- Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Reju Korah
- Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Tobias Carling
- Yale Endocrine Neoplasia Laboratory, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA; Department of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Liu L, Zhu W, Liu J, Wang S, Jiang J. Identification and differential regulation of microRNAs during thyroid hormone-dependent metamorphosis in Microhyla fissipes. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:507. [PMID: 29954327 PMCID: PMC6025837 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4848-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anuran metamorphosis, which is obligatorily initiated and sustained by thyroid hormone (TH), is a dramatic example of extensive morphological, biochemical and cellular changes occurring during post-embryonic development. Thus, it provides an ideal model to understand the actions of the hormone and molecular mechanisms underlying these developmental and apoptotic processes. In addition to transcriptional factors, microRNAs (miRNAs) play key roles in diverse biological processes via post-transcriptional repression of mRNAs. However, the possible role of miRNAs in anuran metamorphosis is not well understood. Screening and identification of TH-responding miRNAs are required to reveal the integrated regulatory mechanisms of TH during metamorphosis. Given the specific role of TRs during M. fissipes metamorphosis and the characteristics of M. fissipes as an ideal model, Illumina sequencing technology was employed to get a full scope of miRNA in M. fissipes metamorphosis treated by T3. RESULTS Morphological and histological analysis revealed that 24 h T3 treatment M. fissipes tadpoles resembled that at the climax of natural metamorphosis. Thus, small RNA libraries were constructed from control and 24 h T3 treatment groups. A total of 164 conserved miRNAs and 36 predicted novel miRNAs were characterized. Furthermore, 5' first and ninth nucleotides of miRNAs were significantly enriched in U in our study. In all, 21 miRNAs were differentially expressed between the T3 and control groups (p < 0.01). A total of 10,206 unigenes were identified as target genes of these differentially expressed miRNAs. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the most overrepresented miRNA target genes were enriched in the "PI3k-Akt signaling pathway". In addition, a network associated with the TH signaling pathway provides an opportunity to further understand the complex biological processes that occur in metamorphosis. CONCLUSIONS We identified a large number of miRNAs during M. fissipes metamorphosis, and 21 of them were differentially expressed in the two groups that represented two different metamorphic stages. These miRNAs may play important roles during metamorphosis. The study gives us clues for further studies of the mechanisms of anuran metamorphosis and provides a model to study the mechanism of TH-affected biological processes in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lusha Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Jiongyu Liu
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
| | - Shouhong Wang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Jianping Jiang
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, 610041 China
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Sárközy M, Kahán Z, Csont T. A myriad of roles of miR-25 in health and disease. Oncotarget 2018; 9:21580-21612. [PMID: 29765562 PMCID: PMC5940376 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Small non-coding RNAs including microRNAs (miRNAs) have been recently recognized as important regulators of gene expression. MicroRNAs play myriads of roles in physiological processes as well as in the pathogenesis of a number of diseases by translational repression or mRNA destabilization of numerous target genes. The miR-106b-25 cluster is highly conserved in vertebrates and consists of three members including miR-106b, miR-93 and miR-25. MiR-106b and miR-93 share the same seed sequences; however, miR-25 has only a similar seed sequence resulting in different predicted target mRNAs. In this review, we specifically focus on the role of miR-25 in healthy and diseased conditions. Many of miR-25 target mRNAs are involved in biological processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration, apoptosis, oxidative stress, inflammation, calcium handling, etc. Therefore, it is no surprise that miR-25 has been reported as a key regulator of common cancerous and non-cancerous diseases. MiR-25 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of acute myocardial infarction, left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, diabetic nephropathy, tubulointerstitial nephropathy, asthma bronchiale, cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury, neurodegenerative diseases, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, etc. MiR-25 is also a well-described oncogenic miRNA playing a crucial role in the development of many tumor types including brain tumors, lung, breast, ovarian, prostate, thyroid, oesophageal, gastric, colorectal, hepatocellular cancers, etc. In this review, our aim is to discuss the translational therapeutic role of miR-25 in common diseased conditions based on relevant basic research and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márta Sárközy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Kahán
- Department of Oncotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csont
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Zhang Y, Lin X, Zhang L, Hong W, Zeng K. MicroRNA-222 regulates the viability of fibroblasts in hypertrophic scars via matrix metalloproteinase 1. Exp Ther Med 2017; 15:1803-1808. [PMID: 29434768 PMCID: PMC5776557 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2017.5634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to determine the expression of microRNA (miR)-222 in hypertrophic scar (HS) tissues, and investigate the regulatory mechanism of miR-222 in HS. A total of 36 patients diagnosed with HS between August 2013 and May 2016 were included in the present study. HS tissues and HS-adjacent tissues were collected from patients. Primary fibroblasts were obtained from HS tissue. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to measure mRNA levels of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) and miR-222. Western blotting was conducted to determine MMP1 expression and an MTT assay was performed to measure the viability of fibroblasts. A dual luciferase reporter assay was used to identify the binding of miR-222 to MMP1 mRNA. It was demonstrated that MMP1 serves a role in HS at the transcription level and that increased MMP1 expression inhibited the viability of fibroblasts. miR-222 serves a regulatory role in HS by targeting its target gene MMP1 and regulates the expression of MMP1 by binding to its 3′-untranslated region. The decreased expression of miR-222 suppresses the viability of fibroblasts by regulating MMP1 expression. The present study demonstrated that the downregulation of MMP1 in HS tissues is associated with the upregulation of miR-222 expression. miR-222 may therefore regulate the viability of fibroblasts in HS and the expression of related proteins via MMP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China.,Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohua Lin
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Weilong Hong
- Department of Surgery Lab, The First Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, P.R. China
| | - Kang Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, P.R. China
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