1
|
Wang Y, Ye Q, Cui Y, Wu Y, Cao S, Hu F. Impact and mechanisms of drag-reducing polymers on shear stress regulation in pulmonary hypertension. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2024:CH242281. [PMID: 38905038 DOI: 10.3233/ch-242281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a refractory disease characterized by elevated pulmonary artery pressure and resistance. Drag-reducing polymers (DRPs) are blood-soluble macromolecules that reduce vascular resistance by altering the blood dynamics and rheology. Our previous work indicated that polyethylene oxide (PEO) can significantly reduce the medial wall thickness and vascular resistance of the pulmonary arteries, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. METHODS This study was designed to investigate the role and mechanism of PEO on intracellular calcium [Ca2 +] i and cytoskeletal proteins of endothelial cells (ECs) induced by low shear stress (LSS) in PH. Primary Pulmonary Artery Endothelial Cells (PAECs) were subjected to steady LSS (1 dyn/cm2) or physiological shear stress (SS) (10 dyn/cm2) for 20 h in a BioFlux 200 flow system. Calcium influx assays were conducted to evaluate the mechanisms of PEO on [Ca2 +] i. Subsequently, taking the key protein that induces cytoskeletal remodeling, the regulatory light chain (RLC) phosphorylation, as the breakthrough point, this study focused on the two key pathways of PEO that regulate phosphorylation of RLC: Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) pathways. RESULTS Our current research revealed that PEO at LSS (1 dyn/cm2) significantly suppressed LSS-induced [Ca2 +] i and the expression level of transient receptor potential channel 1(TRPC1). In addition, ECs convert LSS stimuli into the upregulation of cytoskeletal proteins, including filamentous actin (F-actin), MLCK, ROCK, p-RLC, and pp-RLC. Further experiments using pharmacological inhibitors demonstrated that PEO at the LSS downregulated cytoskeleton-related proteins mainly through the ROCK and MLCK pathways. CONCLUSIONS This study considered intracellular calcium and cytoskeleton rearrangement as entry points to study the application of PEO in the biomedical field, which has important theoretical significance and practical application value for the treatment of PH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wang
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqi Cui
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yunjiang Wu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Sipei Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, China
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Feng Hu
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhu YT, Tighe S, Chen SL, Zhang Y, Chen SY, Kao WWY, Tseng SCG. Manufacturing of human corneal endothelial grafts. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:301-310. [PMID: 37268293 PMCID: PMC10529356 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human corneal endothelial cells (HCECs) play a significant role in maintaining visual function. However, these cells are notorious for their limited proliferative capacity in vivo. Current treatment of corneal endothelial dysfunction resorts to corneal transplantation. Herein we describe an ex vivo engineering method to manufacture HCEC grafts suitable for transplantation through reprogramming into neural crest progenitors. METHODS HCECs were isolated by collagenase A from stripped Descemet membrane of cadaveric corneoscleral rims, and induced reprogramming via knockdown with p120 and Kaiso siRNAs on collagen IV-coated atelocollagen. Engineered HCEC grafts were released after assessing their identity, potency, viability, purity and sterility. Phase contrast was used for monitoring cell shape, graft size, and cell density. Immunostaining was used to determine the normal HCEC phenotype with expression of N-cadherin, ZO-1, ATPase, acetyl-α-tubulin, γ-tubulin, p75NTR, α-catenin, β-catenin, and F-actin. Stability of manufactured HCEC graft was evaluated after transit and storage for up to 3 weeks. The pump function of HCEC grafts was measured by lactate efflux. RESULTS One HCEC graft suitable for corneal transplantation was generated from 1/8th of the donor corneoscleral rim with normal hexagonal cell shape, density, and phenotype. The manufactured grafts were stable for up to 3 weeks at 37 °C or up to 1 week at 22 °C in MESCM medium and after transcontinental shipping at room temperature by retaining normal morphology (hexagonal, >2000 cells/mm2, >8 mm diameter), phenotype, and pump function. CONCLUSIONS This regenerative strategy through knockdown with p120 and Kaiso siRNAs can be used to manufacture HCEC grafts with normal phenotype, morphology and pump function following prolonged storage and shipping.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sean Tighe
- R&D Department, BioTissue, Miami, FL, 33126, USA
| | | | - Yuan Zhang
- R&D Department, BioTissue, Miami, FL, 33126, USA
| | - Szu-Yu Chen
- R&D Department, BioTissue, Miami, FL, 33126, USA
| | - Winston W Y Kao
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Cincinnati, 2600 Clifton Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45220, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Fujimoto T, Inoue-Mochita M, Inoue T. A ROCK inhibitor suppresses the transforming growth factor-beta-2-induced endothelial-mesenchymal transition in Schlemm's canal endothelial cells. Sci Rep 2023; 13:9655. [PMID: 37316554 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36808-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In the normal eye, most of the aqueous humor drains through the trabecular meshwork (TM) and Schlemm's canal (SC). The concentration of transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGF-β2) is increased in the aqueous humor of primary open angle glaucoma patients. TGF-β2 increases outflow resistance by affecting the TM and SC, and endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) of SC cells is involved in these changes. Here, we investigated the effect of a ROCK inhibitor on TGF-β2-induced EndMT in SC cells. The ROCK inhibitor Y-27632 suppressed the TGF-β2-induced increase in the trans-endothelial electrical resistance (TER) and proliferation of SC cells. Y-27632 suppressed the expression of α-SMA, N-cadherin, and Snail, which are upregulated by TGF-β2. Moreover, TGF-β2 decreased mRNA levels of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 4 and increased those of the BMP antagonist gremlin (GREM1), but Y-27632 significantly suppressed these changes. Y-27632 also inhibited TGF-β2-induced phosphorylation of p-38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). BMP4 and the p-38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 suppressed the TGF-β2-induced TER elevation in SC cells. Moreover, SB203580 suppressed TGF-β2-induced upregulation of fibronectin, Snail, and GREM1. These results indicate that a ROCK inhibitor inhibited the TGF-β2-induced EndMT in SC cells, implying the involvement of p38 MAPK and BMP4 signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Fujimoto
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan.
| | - Miyuki Inoue-Mochita
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Inoue
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ma DJ, Hwang JS, Noh KB, Oh SH, Kim KW, Shin YJ. Role of NADPH Oxidase 4 in Corneal Endothelial Cells Is Mediated by Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Autophagy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1228. [PMID: 37371958 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human corneal-endothelial cells (hCEnCs) are located on the inner layer of the cornea. Injury to CEnCs leads to permanent corneal edema, requiring corneal transplantation. NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) has been reported to be implicated in the pathogenesis of CEnCs diseases. Thus, we investigated the role of NOX4 in CEnCs in this study. In an animal study, siRNA for NOX4 (siNOX4) or plasmid for NOX4 (pNOX4) was introduced into the corneal endothelium of rats by electroporation, using a square-wave electroporator (ECM830, Havard apparatus) to decrease or increase the expression of NOX4, respectively, and the rat corneas were cryoinjured through contact with a metal rod of 3 mm diameter frozen in liquid nitrogen for 10 min. The immunofluorescence staining of NOX4 and 8-OHdG showed that the levels of NOX4 and 8-OHdG were decreased in the siNOX4 group compared to the siControl, and increased in the pNOX4 group compared to the pControl at one week after treatment. Without cryoinjury, corneal opacity was more severe, and the density of CEnCs was lower, in pNOX4-treated rats compared to pControl. After cryoinjury, the corneas were more transparent, and the CEnC density was higher, in siNOX4-treated rats. The hCEnCs were cultured and transfected with siNOX4 and pNOX4. The silencing of NOX4 in hCEnCs resulted in a normal cell shape, higher viability, and higher proliferation rate than those transfected with the siControl, while NOX4 overexpression had the opposite effect. NOX4 overexpression increased the number of senescent cells and intracellular oxidative stress levels. NOX4 overexpression increased ATF4 and ATF6 levels, and nuclear translocation of XBP-1, which is the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker, while the silencing of NOX4 had the opposite effect. Additionally, the mitochondrial membrane potential was hyperpolarized by the silencing of NOX4, and depolarized by NOX4 overexpression. The LC3II levels, a marker of autophagy, were decreased by the silencing of NOX4, and increased by NOX4 overexpression. In conclusion, NOX4 plays a pivotal role in the wound-healing and senescence of hCEnCs, by modulating oxidative stress, ER stress, and autophagy. The regulation of NOX4 may be a potential therapeutic strategy for regulating the homeostasis of CEnCs, and treating corneal-endothelial diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dae Joong Ma
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07442, Republic of Korea
- Hallym BioEyeTech Research Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07442, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Sun Hwang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07442, Republic of Korea
- Hallym BioEyeTech Research Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07442, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Bo Noh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07442, Republic of Korea
- Hallym BioEyeTech Research Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07442, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Hee Oh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07442, Republic of Korea
- Hallym BioEyeTech Research Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07442, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Wook Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07442, Republic of Korea
- Hallym BioEyeTech Research Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07442, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Joo Shin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hallym University Medical Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07442, Republic of Korea
- Hallym BioEyeTech Research Center, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Seoul 07442, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Peh GSL, Bandeira F, Neo D, Adnan K, Hartono Y, Ong HS, Naso S, Venkatraman A, Gomes JAP, Kocaba V, Mehta JS. Effects of Rho-Associated Kinase (Rock) Inhibitors (Alternative to Y-27632) on Primary Human Corneal Endothelial Cells. Cells 2023; 12:cells12091307. [PMID: 37174707 PMCID: PMC10177577 DOI: 10.3390/cells12091307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Rho-associated coiled-coil protein kinase (ROCK) signaling cascade impacts a wide array of cellular events. For cellular therapeutics, scalable expansion of primary human corneal endothelial cells (CECs) is crucial, and the inhibition of ROCK signaling using a well characterized ROCK inhibitor (ROCKi) Y-27632 had been shown to enhance overall endothelial cell yield. (2) In this study, we compared several classes of ROCK inhibitors to both ROCK-I and ROCK-II, using in silico binding simulation. We then evaluated nine ROCK inhibitors for their effects on primary CECs, before narrowing it down to the two most efficacious compounds-AR-13324 (Netarsudil) and its active metabolite, AR-13503-and assessed their impact on cellular proliferation in vitro. Finally, we evaluated the use of AR-13324 on the regenerative capacity of donor cornea with an ex vivo corneal wound closure model. Donor-matched control groups supplemented with Y-27632 were used for comparative analyses. (3) Our in silico simulation revealed that most of the compounds had stronger binding strength than Y-27632. Most of the nine ROCK inhibitors assessed worked within the concentrations of between 100 nM to 30 µM, with comparable adherence to that of Y-27632. Of note, both AR-13324 and AR-13503 showed better cellular adherence when compared to Y-27632. Similarly, the proliferation rates of CECs exposed to AR-13324 were comparable to those of Y-27632. Interestingly, CECs expanded in a medium supplemented with AR-13503 were significantly more proliferative in (i) untreated vs. AR-13503 (1 μM; * p < 0.05); (ii) untreated vs. AR-13503 (10 μM; *** p < 0.001); (iii) Y-27632 vs. AR-13503 (10 μM; ** p < 0.005); (iv) AR-13324 (1 μM) vs. AR-13503 (10 μM; ** p < 0.005); and (v) AR-13324 (0.1 μM) vs. AR-13503 (10 μM; * p < 0.05). Lastly, an ex vivo corneal wound healing study showed a comparable wound healing rate for the final healed area in corneas exposed to Y-27632 or AR-13324. (4) In conclusion, we were able to demonstrate that various classes of ROCKi compounds other than Y-27632 were able to exert positive effects on primary CECs, and systematic donor-match controlled comparisons revealed that the FDA-approved ROCK inhibitor, AR-13324, is a potential candidate for cellular therapeutics or as an adjunct drug in regenerative treatment for corneal endothelial diseases in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gary S L Peh
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Singhealth Duke-NUS Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme , Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Francisco Bandeira
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
- Corneal and External Diseases Department, São Gonçalo Eye Hospital, Rio de Janeiro 24421-005, Brazil
| | - Dawn Neo
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Khadijah Adnan
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Yossa Hartono
- Bioinformatics Institute, A*STAR, 30 Biopolis Street, Matrix #07-01, Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Hon Shing Ong
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Singhealth Duke-NUS Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme , Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| | - Sacha Naso
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Anandalakshmi Venkatraman
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - José A P Gomes
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo 04023-062, Brazil
| | - Viridiana Kocaba
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Netherlands Institute for Innovative Ocular Surgery, 3071AA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jodhbir S Mehta
- Tissue Engineering and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
- Singhealth Duke-NUS Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Programme , Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
- Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore 168751, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
The Multifarious Effects of Various Glaucoma Pharmacotherapy on Corneal Endothelium: A Narrative Review. Ophthalmol Ther 2023; 12:1457-1478. [PMID: 36930417 PMCID: PMC10164223 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-023-00699-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal endothelium is a single cell layer that is mainly responsible for maintaining corneal clarity. Endothelial damage secondary to toxicity, stress, or genetic predisposition are common and in conjunction with the low regenerative ability of the cells, making their preservation critical for maintaining visual acuity. Patients with glaucoma, who are estimated to be close to 80 million worldwide, have a plethora of reasons for developing endothelial damage, being exposed to a spectrum that extends from various medical and surgical interventions to the disease itself. The wide spectrum of glaucoma pharmacotherapy that has been recently extended by addition of newer classes of medications has been the focus of extensive research on its effects on corneal endothelium. Both basic and clinical research have attempted to shine a light on the complex mechanisms associated with the effects of glaucoma medication on corneal endothelium and to answer the important question as to whether these findings are clinically significant. The aim of this review is to summarize and present current literature of the various findings, both from in vivo and in vitro studies that have focused on the complex relationship between different classes of glaucoma medication and their effect on corneal endothelium.
Collapse
|
7
|
Miron A, Ní Dhubhghaill S, Kocaba V, Jager MJ, Melles GRJ, Oellerich S. Early and late-onset cell migration from peripheral corneal endothelium. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285609. [PMID: 37163555 PMCID: PMC10171599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study we describe peripheral corneal endothelial cell migration in vitro in the absence and presence of a ROCK-inhibitor. For this study, 21 corneal endothelial graft rims, with attached trabecular meshwork (TM), were prepared from Descemet membrane-endothelial cell sheets by 6.5 mm trepanation. For the initial proof-of-concept, 7 outer graft rims were cultured in a thermo-reversible hydrogel matrix for up to 47 days. To assess the effect of a ROCK-inhibitor, 14 paired outer rims were cultured either with or without ROCK-inhibitor for up to 46 days. At the end of culture, tissue was retrieved from the hydrogel matrix and examined for cell viability and expression of different endothelial cell markers (ZO-1, Na+/K+-ATPase, NCAM, glypican, and vimentin). All cultured rims remained viable and displayed either single regions (n = 5/21) or collective areas (n = 16/21) of cell migration, regardless of the presence or absence of ROCK-inhibition. Migration started after 4±2 days and continued for at least 29 days. The presence of ROCK-inhibitor seemed to contribute to a more regular cell morphology of migrating cells. In addition, 7 outer rims demonstrated a phenotypically distinct late-onset but fast-growing cell population emerging from the area close to the limbus. These cells emerged after 3 weeks of culture and appeared less differentiated compared to other areas of migration. Immunostaining showed that migrated cells maintained the expression patterns of endothelial cell markers. In conclusion, we observed 2 morphologically distinct migrating cell populations with the first type being triggered by a broken physical barrier, which disrupted contact inhibition and the second, late-onset type showing a higher proliferative capacity though appearing less differentiated. This cell subpopulation appeared to be mediated by stimuli other than loss of contact inhibition and ROCK-inhibitor presence. Further exploration of the differences between these cell types may assist in optimizing regenerative treatment options for endothelial diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Miron
- Netherlands Institute for Innovative Ocular Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Amnitrans EyeBank Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Viridiana Kocaba
- Netherlands Institute for Innovative Ocular Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Amnitrans EyeBank Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Melles Cornea Clinic Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Tissue and Cell Therapy Group, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Martine J Jager
- Department of Ophthalmology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Gerrit R J Melles
- Netherlands Institute for Innovative Ocular Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Amnitrans EyeBank Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Melles Cornea Clinic Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Silke Oellerich
- Netherlands Institute for Innovative Ocular Surgery, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kumar R, Chander Y, Khandelwal N, Verma A, Rawat KD, Shringi BN, Pal Y, Tripathi BN, Barua S, Kumar N. ROCK1/MLC2 inhibition induces decay of viral mRNA in BPXV infected cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17811. [PMID: 36280692 PMCID: PMC9592580 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21610-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 (ROCK1) intracellular cell signaling pathway regulates cell morphology, polarity, and cytoskeletal remodeling. We observed the activation of ROCK1/myosin light chain (MLC2) signaling pathway in buffalopox virus (BPXV) infected Vero cells. ROCK1 depletion by siRNA and specific small molecule chemical inhibitors (Thiazovivin and Y27632) resulted in a reduced BPXV replication, as evidenced by reductions in viral mRNA/protein synthesis, genome copy numbers and progeny virus particles. Further, we demonstrated that ROCK1 inhibition promotes deadenylation of viral mRNA (mRNA decay), mediated via inhibiting interaction with PABP [(poly(A)-binding protein] and enhancing the expression of CCR4-NOT (a multi-protein complex that plays an important role in deadenylation of mRNA). In addition, ROCK1/MLC2 mediated cell contraction, and perinuclear accumulation of p-MLC2 was shown to positively correlate with viral mRNA/protein synthesis. Finally, it was demonstrated that the long-term sequential passage (P = 50) of BPXV in the presence of Thiazovivin does not select for any drug-resistant virus variants. In conclusion, ROCK1/MLC2 cell signaling pathway facilitates BPXV replication by preventing viral mRNA decay and that the inhibitors targeting this pathway may have novel therapeutic effects against buffalopox.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ram Kumar
- grid.462601.70000 0004 1768 7902Present Address: National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India ,grid.464655.00000 0004 1768 5915Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, India ,grid.418105.90000 0001 0643 7375Present Address: Animal Science Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Yogesh Chander
- grid.462601.70000 0004 1768 7902Present Address: National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India ,grid.418105.90000 0001 0643 7375Present Address: Animal Science Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, India ,grid.411892.70000 0004 0500 4297Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana India
| | - Nitin Khandelwal
- grid.462601.70000 0004 1768 7902Present Address: National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Assim Verma
- grid.462601.70000 0004 1768 7902Present Address: National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Krishan Dutt Rawat
- grid.411892.70000 0004 0500 4297Department of Bio and Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science and Technology, Hisar, Haryana India
| | - Brij N. Shringi
- grid.464655.00000 0004 1768 5915Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Biotechnology, Rajasthan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bikaner, India
| | - Yash Pal
- grid.462601.70000 0004 1768 7902Present Address: National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Bhupendra N. Tripathi
- grid.462601.70000 0004 1768 7902Present Address: National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India ,grid.418105.90000 0001 0643 7375Present Address: Animal Science Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Krishi Bhawan, New Delhi, India
| | - Sanjay Barua
- grid.462601.70000 0004 1768 7902Present Address: National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- grid.462601.70000 0004 1768 7902Present Address: National Centre for Veterinary Type Cultures, ICAR-National Research Centre on Equines, Hisar, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Guo FH, Guan YN, Guo JJ, Zhang LJ, Qiu JJ, Ji Y, Chen AF, Jing Q. Single-Cell Transcriptome Analysis Reveals Embryonic Endothelial Heterogeneity at Spatiotemporal Level and Multifunctions of MicroRNA-126 in Mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2022; 42:326-342. [PMID: 35021856 PMCID: PMC8860216 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.317093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Endothelial cells (ECs) play a critical role in angiogenesis and vascular remodeling. The heterogeneity of ECs has been reported at adult stages, yet it has not been fully investigated. This study aims to assess the transcriptional heterogeneity of developmental ECs at spatiotemporal level and to reveal the changes of embryonic ECs clustering when endothelium-enriched microRNA-126 (miR-126) was specifically knocked out.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Hao Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (F.-H.G., Y.-N.G., J.-J.G., J.J.Q., Q.J.)
| | - Ya-Na Guan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (F.-H.G., Y.-N.G., J.-J.G., J.J.Q., Q.J.)
| | - Jun-Jun Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (F.-H.G., Y.-N.G., J.-J.G., J.J.Q., Q.J.)
| | - Lu-Jun Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China (L.-J.Z.)
| | - Jing-Jing Qiu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (F.-H.G., Y.-N.G., J.-J.G., J.J.Q., Q.J.)
| | - Yong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Targeted Intervention of Cardiovascular Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cardiovascular Disease Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular and Cerebrovascular Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China (Y.J.)
| | - Alex F Chen
- Institute for Developmental and Regenerative Cardiovascular Medicine, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (A.F.C.)
| | - Qing Jing
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, Innovation Center for Intervention of Chronic Disease and Promotion of Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China (F.-H.G., Y.-N.G., J.-J.G., J.J.Q., Q.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wang Y, Jin C, Tian H, Xu J, Chen J, Hu S, Li Q, Lu L, Ou Q, Xu GT, Cui H. CHIR99021 balance TGFβ1 induced human corneal endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition to favor corneal endothelial cell proliferation. Exp Eye Res 2022; 219:108939. [PMID: 35150734 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2022.108939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Corneal endothelial cells (CECs) play a major role in the maintenance of stromal hydration via the barrier and pump function for clear vision. Adult CEC cannot regenerate after injury. CECs cultured in vitro can undergo mitosis but may undergo corneal endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EnMT) and lose their endothelial characteristics. In this study, we examined the effects of CHIR99201 on transforming growth factor beta-1(TGFβ1)-induced EnMT in human CEC (hCECs) lines. CHIR99021 kept hCECs in the hexagonal shape and could downregulate the EnMT markers alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and fibronectin (FN1), meanwhile maintained the hCECs function markers Na+/K+-ATPase and zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) at levels comparable to those in the normal control. Interestingly, we found that the combination of CHIR99021 and TGFβ1 at appropriate concentrations would significantly promote the proliferation and migration of hCECs. These effects may be related to the inhibition of RhoA or Rac1, as well as the activation of Wnt and Erk pathway, with a calcium homeostasis. Our findings indicate that CHIR99021 inhibit EnMT and that the combination of CHIR99021 and TGFβ1 may provide new ideas for corneal endothelial regeneration and wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yiran Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200123, China
| | - Caixia Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibin Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingying Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200123, China
| | - Shuqin Hu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200123, China
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200123, China
| | - Lixia Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingjian Ou
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Hongping Cui
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200123, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen Y, Wu B, He JF, Chen J, Kang ZW, Liu D, Luo J, Fang K, Leng X, Tian H, Xu J, Jin C, Zhang J, Wang J, Zhang J, Ou Q, Lu L, Gao F, Xu GT. Effectively Intervening Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells With a Combination of ROCK and TGF-β Signaling Inhibitors. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:21. [PMID: 33861322 PMCID: PMC8083104 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.4.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells is a key pathological event in proliferative retinal diseases such as proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR). This study aimed to explore a new method to reverse EMT in RPE cells to develop an improved therapy for proliferative retinal diseases. Methods In vitro, human embryonic stem cell-derived RPE cells were passaged and cultured at low density for an extended period of time to establish an EMT model. At different stages of EMT after treatment with known molecules or combinations of molecules, the morphology was examined, transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) was measured, and expression of RPE- and EMT-related genes were examined with RT-PCR, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence. In vivo, a rat model of EMT in RPE cells was established via subretinal injection of dispase. Retinal function was examined by electroretinography (ERG), and retinal morphology was examined. Results EMT of RPE cells was effectively induced by prolonged low-density culture. After EMT occurred, only the combination of the Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Y27632 and the TGF-β receptor inhibitor RepSox (RY treatment) effectively suppressed and reversed the EMT process, even in cells in an intermediate state of EMT. In dispase-treated Sprague-Dawley rats, RY treatment maintained the morphology of RPE cells and the retina and preserved retinal function. Conclusions RY treatment might promote mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET), the inverse process of EMT, to maintain the epithelial-like morphology and function of RPE cells. This combined RY therapy could be a new strategy for treating proliferative retinal diseases, especially those involving EMT of RPE cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Binxin Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Feng He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Tumor Microenvironment and Inflammation, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingyao Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi Wei Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjie Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexin Fang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoxu Leng
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haibin Tian
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingying Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieping Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingfa Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingjian Ou
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lixia Lu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Furong Gao
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Tong Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, and Tongji Eye Institute, and Department of Pharmacology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Zenkel M, Strunz M, Gießl A, Schondorf H, da Silva H, Schmidt GA, Greiner MA, Okumura N, Koizumi N, Kinoshita S, Tourtas T, Kruse FE. Potential Functional Restoration of Corneal Endothelial Cells in Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy by ROCK Inhibitor (Ripasudil). Am J Ophthalmol 2021; 224:185-199. [PMID: 33316261 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2020.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitors have been successfully used as a rescue strategy in eyes that failed to clear after descemetorhexis without endothelial graft for treatment of Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD). The functional mechanisms by which ROCK inhibitors modulate corneal endothelial cell regeneration in FECD patients have, however, not been clarified. Here, we analyzed the effect of the ROCK inhibitor ripasudil on corneal endothelial cells of FECD patients and normal donors using ex vivo tissue and in vitro cellular models. DESIGN Experimental study: laboratory investigation. METHODS This institutional study used endothelial cell-Descemet membrane lamellae from FECD patients (n = 450) undergoing Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (FECD ex vivo model), normal research-grade donor corneas (n = 30) after scraping off central endothelial cells (ex vivo wound healing model), normal donor corneas (n = 20) without endothelial injury, and immortalized cell lines (n = 3) generated from FECD patients (FECD in vitro model). Descemet membrane lamellae were dissected into halves and incubated for 24-72 hours in storage medium with or without a single dose of 30 μM ripasudil. The effects of ripasudil on expression of genes and proteins related to endothelial cell proliferation, migration, functionality, and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition were analyzed and complemented by functional assays on FECD cell lines. RESULTS A single dose of ripasudil induced significant upregulation of genes and proteins related to cell cycle progression, cell-matrix adhesion and migration, as well as endothelial barrier and pump function up to 72 hours, whereas classical markers of endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition were downregulated in both FECD and normal specimens compared to unstimulated controls ex vivo. In addition to stimulation of proliferation and migration, ripasudil-induced changes in expression of functional signature genes could be also verified in FECD cell lines in vitro. CONCLUSIONS These data support the concept that inhibition of ROCK signaling represents a potent tool in regenerative therapies in FECD patients through reactivation of cell proliferation and migration as well as restoration of endothelial pump and barrier function without inducing adverse phenotypic changes.
Collapse
|
13
|
Khalili M, Asadi M, Kahroba H, Soleyman MR, Andre H, Alizadeh E. Corneal endothelium tissue engineering: An evolution of signaling molecules, cells, and scaffolds toward 3D bioprinting and cell sheets. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3275-3303. [PMID: 33090510 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cornea is an avascular and transparent tissue that focuses light on retina. Cornea is supported by the corneal-endothelial layer through regulation of hydration homeostasis. Restoring vision in patients afflicted with corneal endothelium dysfunction-mediated blindness most often requires corneal transplantation (CT), which faces considerable constrictions due to donor limitations. An emerging alternative to CT is corneal endothelium tissue engineering (CETE), which involves utilizing scaffold-based methods and scaffold-free strategies. The innovative scaffold-free method is cell sheet engineering, which typically generates cell layers surrounded by an intact extracellular matrix, exhibiting tunable release from the stimuli-responsive surface. In some studies, scaffold-based or scaffold-free technologies have been reported to achieve promising outcomes. However, yet some issues exist in translating CETE from bench to clinical practice. In this review, we compare different corneal endothelium regeneration methods and elaborate on the application of multiple cell types (stem cells, corneal endothelial cells, and endothelial precursors), signaling molecules (growth factors, cytokines, chemical compounds, and small RNAs), and natural and synthetic scaffolds for CETE. Furthermore, we discuss the importance of three-dimensional bioprinting strategies and simulation of Descemet's membrane by biomimetic topography. Finally, we dissected the recent advances, applications, and prospects of cell sheet engineering for CETE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Khalili
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Maryam Asadi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Houman Kahroba
- Biomedicine Institute, and Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Soleyman
- CinnaGen Medical Biotechnology Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Helder Andre
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, St. Erik Eye Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Drug Applied Research Center and Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Liu J, Wen Y, Luo W, Liu Y, Sha X. Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells Promote the Proliferation of Human Corneal Endothelial Cells by Regulating Telomerase Activity via the Wnt/β-catenin Pathway. Curr Eye Res 2020; 46:159-167. [PMID: 32631162 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1792508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Human amniotic epithelial cells (HAECs) have regenerative properties and low immunogenicity, which have enabled their use without immune rejection in regenerative medicine applications, such as wound repair, corneal surgery and burn repair. The aim of this study was to explore the potential role of HAECs in the proliferation of human corneal endothelial cells (HCEnCs) and the possible mechanism of regulation. METHODS HAECs and HCEnCs were isolated from donated tissue samples and were cultured; the collected HAEC culture medium (HAEC-Me) was added to the human corneal endothelium medium (CEM) to establish the HAEC-CM system. HCEnCs were cultured in CEM, 20%HAEC-Me, 20% HAEC-CM, 20% HAEC-CM supplemented with a GSK-3β inhibitor TWS119 or CEM supplemented with TWS119. Then, cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle progression, telomerase activity, and Wnt/β-catenin pathway-related protein levels were assessed. RESULTS We found that the HCEnCs cultured in the 20% HAEC-CM had increased proliferative capacity, telomerase activity and β-catenin and Tcf4 expression levels, and they had a decrease in the rate of apoptosis and α-SMA expression when they were compared with the HCEnCs cultured in the 20% HAEC-Me. After GSK-3β was inhibited by TWS119, HCEnCs cultured in CEM or 20% HAEC-CM had an increased proliferative capacity, telomerase activity, β-catenin/Tcf4 expression and a decreased α-SMA expression, and they had a decreased apoptotic rate. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that the human amniotic epithelial cells microenvironment can promote the proliferation of human corneal endothelial cells, which may be related to regulating telomerase activity and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayan Liu
- Ophthalmic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Qingyuan, China
| | - Ye Wen
- Ophthalmic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Luo
- Ophthalmic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingying Liu
- Ophthalmic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiangyin Sha
- Ophthalmic Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Yu B, Sladojevic N, Blair JE, Liao JK. Targeting Rho-associated coiled-coil forming protein kinase (ROCK) in cardiovascular fibrosis and stiffening. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2020; 24:47-62. [PMID: 31906742 PMCID: PMC7662835 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2020.1712593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Pathological cardiac fibrosis, through excessive extracellular matrix protein deposition from fibroblasts and pro-fibrotic immune responses and vascular stiffening is associated with most forms of cardiovascular disease. Pathological cardiac fibrosis and stiffening can lead to heart failure and arrythmias and vascular stiffening may lead to hypertension. ROCK, a serine/threonine kinase downstream of the Rho-family of GTPases, may regulate many pro-fibrotic and pro-stiffening signaling pathways in numerous cell types.Areas covered: This article outlines the molecular mechanisms by which ROCK in fibroblasts, T helper cells, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and macrophages mediate fibrosis and stiffening. We speculate on how ROCK could be targeted to inhibit cardiovascular fibrosis and stiffening.Expert opinion: Critical gaps in knowledge must be addressed if ROCK inhibitors are to be used in the clinic. Numerous studies indicate that each ROCK isoform may play differential roles in regulating fibrosis and may have opposing roles in specific tissues. Future work needs to highlight the isoform- and tissue-specific contributions of ROCK in fibrosis, and how isoform-specific ROCK inhibitors in murine models and in clinical trials affect the pathophysiology of cardiac fibrosis and stiffening. This could progress knowledge regarding new treatments for heart failure, arrythmias and hypertension and the repair processes after myocardial infarction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brian Yu
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nikola Sladojevic
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John E Blair
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James K Liao
- Section of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Moura-Coelho N, Tavares Ferreira J, Bruxelas CP, Dutra-Medeiros M, Cunha JP, Pinto Proença R. Rho kinase inhibitors-a review on the physiology and clinical use in Ophthalmology. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2019; 257:1101-1117. [PMID: 30843105 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-019-04283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway is involved in several cellular events that include cell proliferation and cytoskeleton modulation leading to cell adhesion. The ROCK pathway in the human eye has been hypothesized to play important roles in corneal endothelial cell physiology and pathologic states. In addition, ROCK signaling has been identified as an important regulator of trabecular meshwork (TM) outflow, which is altered in glaucomatous eyes. These roles in corneal and glaucomatous disease states have led to the growing interest in the development of drugs selectively targeting this pathway (ROCK inhibitors). The authors provide a review of the literature on the pathobiology of the ROCK signaling in corneal endothelial disease, glaucoma, and vitreoretinal disease, as well as the clinical usefulness of ROCK inhibitors in Ophthalmology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno Moura-Coelho
- Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central (CHULC), Alameda Santo António Capuchos, 1169-050, Lisbon, Portugal. .,Faculty of Medical Sciences
- NOVA Medical School-Nova University of Lisbon (FCM
- NMS-UNL), Lisbon, Portugal. .,Instituto Português de Retina (IPR), Lisbon, Portugal. .,Associação Médica Olhar Bem (AMO Bem), Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Joana Tavares Ferreira
- Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central (CHULC), Alameda Santo António Capuchos, 1169-050, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculty of Medical Sciences
- NOVA Medical School-Nova University of Lisbon (FCM
- NMS-UNL), Lisbon, Portugal.,Associação Médica Olhar Bem (AMO Bem), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina Pereira Bruxelas
- Faculty of Medical Sciences
- NOVA Medical School-Nova University of Lisbon (FCM
- NMS-UNL), Lisbon, Portugal.,Ophthalmology Department, Ocidental Lisbon Hospital Center (CHLO), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Marco Dutra-Medeiros
- Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central (CHULC), Alameda Santo António Capuchos, 1169-050, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculty of Medical Sciences
- NOVA Medical School-Nova University of Lisbon (FCM
- NMS-UNL), Lisbon, Portugal.,Instituto Português de Retina (IPR), Lisbon, Portugal.,Associação Protectora dos Diabéticos de Portugal (APDP), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João Paulo Cunha
- Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central (CHULC), Alameda Santo António Capuchos, 1169-050, Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculty of Medical Sciences
- NOVA Medical School-Nova University of Lisbon (FCM
- NMS-UNL), Lisbon, Portugal.,Associação Médica Olhar Bem (AMO Bem), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rita Pinto Proença
- Ophthalmology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central (CHULC), Alameda Santo António Capuchos, 1169-050, Lisbon, Portugal.,Associação Médica Olhar Bem (AMO Bem), Lisbon, Portugal.,Faculdade de Medicina de Lisboa-Universidade de Lisboa (FML-UL), Lisbon, Portugal
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Yan Q, Wang X, Zha M, Yu M, Sheng M, Yu J. The RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway affects the development of diabetic nephropathy resulting from the epithelial to mesenchymal transition. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL PATHOLOGY 2018; 11:4296-4304. [PMID: 31949826 PMCID: PMC6962964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a common complication of type 2 diabetes and is related to the epithelial to mesenchymal transition. In this study, we aimed to find whether the RhoA/ROCK pathway affects the development of diabetic nephropathy caused by the epithelial to mesenchymal transition both in vivo and in vitro. The results show that inhibition of the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway improved the pathology and degree of fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy as determined by hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson staining. We also found, using immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, that a RhoA/Rock inhibitor regulated relative protein and gene expression levels in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the inhibitor improved fibrosis induced by high levels of glucose in HK-2 cells by suppressing E-cadherin, α-SMA, and FSP-1 expression. In conclusion, the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway plays an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy and could be a potential therapeutic target for type 2 diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qianhua Yan
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Min Zha
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Manshu Yu
- Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Meixiao Sheng
- Department of Nephropathy, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| | - Jiangyi Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese MedicineNanjing, China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Belt H, Koponen JK, Kekarainen T, Puttonen KA, Mäkinen PI, Niskanen H, Oja J, Wirth G, Koistinaho J, Kaikkonen MU, Ylä-Herttuala S. Temporal Dynamics of Gene Expression During Endothelial Cell Differentiation From Human iPS Cells: A Comparison Study of Signalling Factors and Small Molecules. Front Cardiovasc Med 2018; 5:16. [PMID: 29594149 PMCID: PMC5861200 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2018.00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Endothelial cell (EC) therapy may promote vascular growth or reendothelization in a variety of disease conditions. However, the production of a cell therapy preparation containing differentiated, dividing cells presenting typical EC phenotype, functional properties and chemokine profile is challenging. We focused on comparative analysis of seven small molecule-mediated differentiation protocols of ECs from human induced pluripotent stem cells. Differentiated cells showed a typical surface antigen pattern of ECs as characterized with flow cytometry analysis, functional properties, such as tube formation and ability to uptake acetylated LDL. Gene expression analysis by RNA sequencing revealed an efficient silencing of pluripotency genes and upregulation of genes related to cellular adhesion during differentiation. In addition, distinct patterns of transcription factor expression were identified during cellular reprogramming providing targets for more effective differentiation protocols in the future. Altogether, our results suggest that the most optimal EC differentiation protocol includes early inhibition of Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase and activation of cyclic AMP signaling, and inhibition of transforming growth factor beta signaling after mesodermal stage. These findings provide the first systematic characterization of the most potent signalling factors and small molecules used to generate ECs from human induced pluripotent stem cells and, consequently, this work improves the existing EC differentiation protocols and opens up new avenues for controlling cell fate for regenerative EC therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heini Belt
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jonna K Koponen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Katja A Puttonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Kuopio Center for Gene and Cell Therapy, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Petri I Mäkinen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henri Niskanen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Joni Oja
- FinVector Vision Therapies Oy, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Galina Wirth
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jari Koistinaho
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Minna U Kaikkonen
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- A. I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Heart Center and Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|