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Mohammadpour S, Noukabadi FN, Esfahani AT, Kazemi F, Esmaeili S, Zafarjafarzadeh N, Sarpash S, Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad E. Non-coding RNAs in Precursor Lesions of Colorectal Cancer: Their Role in Cancer Initiation and Formation. Curr Mol Med 2024; 24:565-575. [PMID: 37226783 DOI: 10.2174/1566524023666230523155719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the world's most common types of malignancy. The proliferation of precancerous lesions causes this type of cancer. Two distinct pathways for CRC carcinogenesis have been identified: the conventional adenoma-carcinoma pathway and the serrated neoplasia pathway. Recently, evidence has demonstrated the regulatory roles of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) in the initiation and progression of precancerous lesions, especially in the adenoma-carcinoma pathway and serrated neoplasia pathway. By expanding the science of molecular genetics and bioinformatics, several studies have identified dysregulated ncRNAs that function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors in cancer initiation and formation by diverse mechanisms via intracellular signaling pathways known to act on tumor cells. However, many of their roles are still unclear. This review summarizes the functions and mechanisms of ncRNAs (such as long non-coding RNAs, microRNAs, long intergenic non-coding RNAs, small interfering RNAs, and circRNAs) in the initiation and formation of precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mohammadpour
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Naderi Noukabadi
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Torshizi Esfahani
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences. Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Kazemi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Esmaeili
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nikta Zafarjafarzadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - SeyedKasra Sarpash
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Zhen Y, Sun G, Chen C, Li J, Xiao R, Xu Z. Circular RNA hsa_circ_0064559 affects tumor cell growth and progression of colorectal cancer. World J Surg Oncol 2023; 21:171. [PMID: 37280630 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-023-03050-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. It is essential to identify new CRC-associated therapeutic targets and diagnostic biomarkers. Previous studies have demonstrated that a series of circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a crucial role in CRC pathogenesis. This study assessed the potential of hsa_circ_0064559 in tumor cell growth and progression of CRC. METHODS Six pairs of matched CRC and normal colorectal tissue samples were sequenced using the Affymetrix Clariom D array. Using RNA interference, the expression of thirteen circRNAs was knocked down in CRC cells. The proliferation of CRC cell lines (RKO and SW620 cells) was detected using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Apoptosis and cell cycle were determined by flow-cytometric analysis. An in vivo study uses nude mice to establish a CRC mouse model. The differentially expressed genes were analyzed using Affymetrix primeview human GeneChip array and verified by polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Affymetrix Clariom D array analysis revealed that thirteen circRNAs were upregulated in CRC. The proliferation of CRC cell lines was decreased, while the proportion of apoptotic and G1 phase cells was higher after hsa_circ_0064559 knockdown. In vivo xenograft nude mice model revealed that the volume and weight of the tumor were reduced by hsa_circ_0064559 knockdown. In Affymetrix primeview human GeneChip array, we found six upregulated genes (STAT1, ATF2, TNFRSF10B, TGFBR2, BAX, and SQSTM1) and two downregulated genes (SLC4A7 and CD274) related to apoptosis and proliferation of colorectal cancer cells after hsa_circ_0064559 knockdown. CONCLUSIONS The hsa_circ_0064559 knockdown could inhibit the proliferation, promote apoptosis in CRC cell lines in vitro, and inhibit the development of CRC tumors in vivo. The mechanism may be related to activating a wide range of signaling pathways. The hsa_circ_0064559 may be a potential biomarker for early diagnosis or prognosis of CRC and a novel drug target for CRC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya'nan Zhen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Gastroenterology Research Institute and Clinical Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Guodong Sun
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Cunbao Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Gastroenterology Research Institute and Clinical Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jianqi Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China
- Gastroenterology Research Institute and Clinical Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Ruixue Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Zhongfa Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University (Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Jinan, Shandong, China.
- Gastroenterology Research Institute and Clinical Center, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences), Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
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Lulli M, Napoli C, Landini I, Mini E, Lapucci A. Role of Non-Coding RNAs in Colorectal Cancer: Focus on Long Non-Coding RNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13431. [PMID: 36362222 PMCID: PMC9654895 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite the advances in the knowledge of pathogenetic molecular mechanisms and the implementation of more effective drug treatments in recent years, the overall survival rate of patients remains unsatisfactory. The high death rate is mainly due to metastasis of cancer in about half of the cancer patients and the emergence of drug-resistant populations of cancer cells. Improved understanding of cancer molecular biology has highlighted the role of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in colorectal cancer development and evolution. ncRNAs regulate gene expression through various mechanisms, including epigenetic modifications and interactions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) with both microRNAs (miRNAs) and proteins, and through the action of lncRNAs as miRNA precursors or pseudogenes. LncRNAs can also be detected in the blood and circulating ncRNAs have become a new source of non-invasive cancer biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal cancer, as well as for predicting the response to drug therapy. In this review, we focus on the role of lncRNAs in colorectal cancer development, progression, and chemoresistance, and as possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Lulli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences “Mario Serio”, Section of General Pathology, University of Florence, 50134 Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Napoli
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Ida Landini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Enrico Mini
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Lapucci
- Department of Health Sciences, Section of Clinical Pharmacology and Oncology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy
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A Review and In Silico Analysis of Tissue and Exosomal Circular RNAs: Opportunities and Challenges in Thyroid Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194728. [PMID: 36230649 PMCID: PMC9564022 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine neoplasm. Recently, knowledge of the molecular genetic changes of thyroid cancer has dramatically improved. Understanding the roles of these molecular changes in thyroid cancer tumorigenesis and progression is essential in developing a successful treatment strategy and improving disease outcomes. As a family of non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been involved in several aspects of the physiological and pathological processes of the cells. The roles of circRNAs in cancer development and progress are evident. In the current review, we aimed to explore the clinical potential of circRNAs as potential diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets in thyroid cancer. Furthermore, screening the genome-wide circRNAs and performing functional enrichment analyses for all associated dysregulated circRNAs in thyroid cancer have been done. Given the unique advantages circRNAs have, such as superior stability, higher abundance, and presence in different body fluids, this family of non-coding RNAs could be promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets for thyroid cancer. Abstract Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine tumor. The genetic and epigenetic molecular alterations of TC have become more evident in recent years. However, a deeper understanding of the roles these molecular changes play in TC tumorigenesis and progression is essential in developing a successful treatment strategy and improving patients’ prognoses. Circular RNAs (circRNAs), a family of non-coding RNAs, have been implicated in several aspects of carcinogenesis in multiple cancers, including TC. In the current review, we aimed to explore the clinical potential of circRNAs as putative diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic targets in TC. The current analyses, including genome-wide circRNA screening and functional enrichment for all deregulated circRNA expression signatures, show that circRNAs display atypical contributions, such as sponging for microRNAs, regulating transcription and translation processes, and decoying for proteins. Given their exceptional clinical advantages, such as higher stability, wider abundance, and occurrence in several body fluids, circRNAs are promising prognostic and theranostic biomarkers for TC.
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Genetic Characteristics of Resectable Colorectal Cancer with Pulmonary Metastasis. Can J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 2022:2033876. [PMID: 35531124 PMCID: PMC9072045 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2033876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The lung is the most common extra-abdominal metastasis site of colorectal cancer (CRC). This study aimed to investigate the genetic variation of pulmonary metastases (PM) and primary tumors in resectable CRC. The clinical data of 410 patients with PM after CRC surgery and 33 paraffin-embedded tissue samples from January 2012 to July 2019 in our hospital were collected retrospectively. Next, 450-panel gene detection technologies based on next-generation sequencing (NGS) were used to analyze the changes in the gene map and the overall variation in cancer-related genes in PM and primary tumors. After quality control, 19 samples were included in the final gene analysis. The results showed that APC (89.5%), TP53 (89.5%), and KRAS (53%) were the most common mutations in PM and primary tumors, but the gene amplification variation was enriched in primary tumors (4.6% vs. 11.4%). KRAS G12D was the most common site variation of the KRAS gene in both PM and primary tumors of CRC. There was no hotspot mutation in the TP53 locus in CRC, and the TP53 mutation in the PM was consistent with that in the primary lesion. The microsatellite instability (MSI) levels of 10 patients were MSS. The mean tumor mutation burden (TMB) of the primary tumor (5.3 muts·Mb-1) was slightly higher than that of metastasis (5.0 muts·Mb-1). In our institution, the genetic characteristics of resectable PM from CRC may be highly consistent with those of the primary tumor.
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Radanova M, Mihaylova G, Nazifova-Tasinova N, Levkova M, Tasinov O, Ivanova D, Mihaylova Z, Donev I. Oncogenic Functions and Clinical Significance of Circular RNAs in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3395. [PMID: 34298612 PMCID: PMC8303601 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13143395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is ranked as the second most commonly diagnosed disease in females and the third in males worldwide. Therefore, the finding of new more reliable biomarkers for early diagnosis, for prediction of metastasis, and resistance to conventional therapies is an important challenge in overcoming the disease. The current review presents circular RNAs (circRNAs) with their unique features as potential prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers in CRC. The review highlights the mechanism of action and the role of circRNAs with oncogenic functions in the CRC as well as the association between their expression and clinicopathological characteristics of CRC patients. The comprehension of the role of oncogenic circRNAs in CRC pathogenesis is growing rapidly and the next step is using them as suitable new drug targets in the personalized treatment of CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Radanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (G.M.); (N.N.-T.); (O.T.); (D.I.)
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology, University Hospital “St. Marina”, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria
| | - Galya Mihaylova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (G.M.); (N.N.-T.); (O.T.); (D.I.)
| | - Neshe Nazifova-Tasinova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (G.M.); (N.N.-T.); (O.T.); (D.I.)
| | - Mariya Levkova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria;
| | - Oskan Tasinov
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (G.M.); (N.N.-T.); (O.T.); (D.I.)
| | - Desislava Ivanova
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Medicine and Nutrigenomics, Medical University of Varna, 9000 Varna, Bulgaria; (M.R.); (G.M.); (N.N.-T.); (O.T.); (D.I.)
| | - Zhasmina Mihaylova
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, Military Medical Academy, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Ivan Donev
- Clinic of Medical Oncology, Hospital Nadezhda, 1000 Sofia, Bulgaria
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Liu R, Deng P, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Peng C. Circ_0082182 promotes oncogenesis and metastasis of colorectal cancer in vitro and in vivo by sponging miR-411 and miR-1205 to activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. World J Surg Oncol 2021; 19:51. [PMID: 33596920 PMCID: PMC7891146 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-021-02164-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of endogenous single-strand RNA transcripts with crucial regulation in human cancers. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of circ_0082182 in CRC and its specific functional mechanism. METHODS The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure the levels of circ_0082182, microRNA-411 (miR-411) and microRNA-1205 (miR-1205). Cell proliferation was detected by Cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and colony formation assays. Flow cytometry was used for determining cell cycle and cell apoptosis. Cell apoptosis was also assessed by caspase3 and caspase9 activities. Cell migration and invasion were examined using scratch assay and transwell assay. The interaction between circ_0082182 and miRNA was validated by the dual-luciferase reporter and biotinylated RNA pull-down assays. Wnt/β-catenin pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated proteins were quantified by Western blot. Xenograft model was established for the research of circ_0082182 in vivo. RESULTS Circ_0082182 was upregulated in CRC and could predict the poor prognosis of CRC patients. Functionally, circ_0082182 promoted CRC cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, and metastasis while inhibited apoptosis. Subsequently, circ_0082182 was shown to act as the sponges of miR-411 and miR-1205. MiR-411 and miR-1205 were identified as tumor inhibitors in CRC. Furthermore, circ_0082182 promoted the CRC progression via sponging miR-411 and miR-1205. Moreover, circ_0082182 facilitated the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and EMT process by targeting miR-411 and miR-1205. In vivo, circ_0082182 accelerated the CRC tumorigenesis and EMT process by activating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway by downregulating the expression of miR-411 or miR-1205. CONCLUSION This study showed that circ_0082182 functioned as an oncogene in the developing process of CRC by sponging miR-411 or miR-1205 to activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Circ_0082182 might be a molecular target in the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Jingmen No.1 People's Hospital, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Deng
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Jingmen No.1 People's Hospital, No.167, Xiangshan Avenue, Dadao District, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, China
| | - Yonglian Zhang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Jingmen No.1 People's Hospital, No.167, Xiangshan Avenue, Dadao District, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, China
| | - Yonglan Wang
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy Center, Jingmen No.1 People's Hospital, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, China
| | - Cuiping Peng
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, Jingmen No.1 People's Hospital, No.167, Xiangshan Avenue, Dadao District, Jingmen, 448000, Hubei, China.
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Long F, Lin Z, Li L, Ma M, Lu Z, Jing L, Li X, Lin C. Comprehensive landscape and future perspectives of circular RNAs in colorectal cancer. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:26. [PMID: 33536039 PMCID: PMC7856739 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01318-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common hereditary tumor that is often fatal. Its pathogenesis involves multiple genes, including circular RNAs (circRNAs). Notably, circRNAs constitute a new class of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) with a covalently closed loop structure and have been characterized as stable, conserved molecules that are abundantly expressed in tissue/development-specific patterns in eukaryotes. Based on accumulating evidence, circRNAs are aberrantly expressed in CRC tissues, cells, exosomes, and blood from patients with CRC. Moreover, numerous circRNAs have been identified as either oncogenes or tumor suppressors that mediate tumorigenesis, metastasis and chemoradiation resistance in CRC. Although the regulatory mechanisms of circRNA biogenesis and functions remain fairly elusive, interesting results have been obtained in studies investigating CRC. In particular, the expression of circRNAs in CRC is comprehensively modulated by multiple factors, such as splicing factors, transcription factors, specific enzymes and cis-acting elements. More importantly, circRNAs exert pivotal effects on CRC through various mechanisms, including acting as miRNA sponges or decoys, interacting with RNA binding proteins, and even translating functional peptides. Finally, circRNAs may serve as promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in the clinical practice of CRC. In this review, we discuss the dysregulation, functions and clinical significance of circRNAs in CRC and further discuss the molecular mechanisms by which circRNAs exert their functions and how their expression is regulated. Based on this review, we hope to reveal the functions of circRNAs in the initiation and progression of cancer and highlight the future perspectives on strategies targeting circRNAs in cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Long
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P.R. China
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of The University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, P.R. China
| | - Liang Li
- Class 25 Grade 2016, The Five-Year Program in Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, P.R. China
| | - Min Ma
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P.R. China
| | - Zhixing Lu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P.R. China
| | - Liang Jing
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P.R. China
| | - Xiaorong Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P.R. China.
| | - Changwei Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410013, P.R. China.
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, 410078, Hunan, China.
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Zhao X, Wang Y, Yu Q, Yu P, Zheng Q, Yang X, Gao D. Circular RNAs in gastrointestinal cancer: Current knowledge, biomarkers and targeted therapy (Review). Int J Mol Med 2020; 46:1611-1632. [PMID: 33000182 PMCID: PMC7521476 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2020.4731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a type of endogenous non‑coding RNAs that are connected at the 3' and 5' ends by exon or intron cyclization, which forms a covalently closed loop. They are stable, well conserved, exhibit specific expression in mammalian cells and can function as microRNA (miRNA or miR) sponges to regulate the target genes of miRNAs, which influences biological processes. Such as tumor proliferation, invasion, metastasis, apoptosis and tumor stage. circRNAs represent promising candidates for clinical diagnosis and treatment. In the present review, the biogenesis, classification and functions of circRNAs in tumors are briefly summarized and discussed. In addition, the participation of circRNAs in signal transduction pathways regulating gastrointestinal cancer cellular functions is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Zhao
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qiongfang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Pei Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Qiaoyu Zheng
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Xue Yang
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Dian Gao
- Department of Pathogen Biology and Immunology, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
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Artemaki PI, Scorilas A, Kontos CK. Circular RNAs: A New Piece in the Colorectal Cancer Puzzle. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12092464. [PMID: 32878117 PMCID: PMC7564116 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12092464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most fatal type of malignancy, worldwide. Despite the advances accomplished in the elucidation of its molecular base and the existing CRC biomarkers introduced in the clinical practice, additional research is required. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) constitute a new RNA type, formed by back-splicing of primary transcripts. They have been discovered during the 1970s but were characterized as by-products of aberrant splicing. However, the modern high-throughput approaches uncovered their widespread expression; therefore, several questions were raised regarding their potential biological roles. During the last years, great progress has been achieved in the elucidation of their functions: circRNAs can act as microRNA sponges, transcription regulators, and interfere with splicing, as well. Furthermore, they are heavily involved in various human pathological states, including cancer, and could serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in several diseases. Particularly in CRC, aberrant expression of circRNAs has been observed. More specifically, these molecules either inhibit or promote colorectal carcinogenesis by regulating different molecules and signaling pathways. The present review discusses the characteristics and functions of circRNA, prior to analyzing the multifaceted role of these molecules in CRC and their potential value as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinelopi I Artemaki
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Andreas Scorilas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-15701 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos K Kontos
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-15701 Athens, Greece
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11
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Nie H, Wang Y, Liao Z, Zhou J, Ou C. The function and mechanism of circular RNAs in gastrointestinal tumours. Cell Prolif 2020; 53:e12815. [PMID: 32515024 PMCID: PMC7377939 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal tumours are tumours that originate in the digestive tract and have extremely high morbidity and mortality. The main categories include: oesophageal, gastric, and colorectal cancers. Circular RNAs are a new class of non‐coding RNAs with a covalent closed‐loop structure without a 5’ cap or a 3’ poly A tail, which can encode a small amount of polypeptide. Recent studies have shown that circRNAs are involved in multiple biological processes during the development of gastrointestinal tumours including proliferation, invasion and metastasis, radio‐ and chemoresistance, and inflammatory responses. Also, the clinical and pathological characteristics of the patient, such as staging and lymph node metastasis, are closely associated with the expression level of circRNAs. Further investigation of the function and the role of circRNAs in the development of gastrointestinal tumours will provide new directions for its clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Nie
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yutong Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiming Liao
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Pathology, the Fourth Hospital of Changsha, Changsha, China
| | - Jianhua Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunlin Ou
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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12
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Xiao YS, Tong HZ, Yuan XH, Xiong CH, Xu XY, Zeng YF. CircFADS2: A potential prognostic biomarker of colorectal cancer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1233-1241. [PMID: 32486849 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220929965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy worldwide with the second highest mortality rate. Although multidisciplinary cooperative therapies are helpful for improving the survival of CRC patients, the prognosis remains poor. Therefore, it is imperative to seek new biomarkers for the development of individualized treatment for each CRC patient. Circular RNA, an endogenous transcript with specific covalent closed loop, exhibits higher stability, conservation and expression abundance than the corresponding linear component and thus may be utilized as a promised biomarker. Although the majority of studies have focused on circular RNA expression profiling in various types of cancers, evidence supporting their critical role in the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC is limited. This study aimed to screen and identify novel circular RNA biomarkers of CRC by chip analysis and qPCR verification, and to highlight their potential as targets for CRC prognosis, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Sheng Xiao
- Teaching and Researching Section of Morphology, College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330004, China
| | - Hua-Zhang Tong
- Department of Oncology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xi-Hong Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Chang-Hui Xiong
- Department of Science and Education, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Xu
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Yuan-Feng Zeng
- Department of Pathology, Jiangxi Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
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13
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Liu J, Zhang X, Yan M, Li H. Emerging Role of Circular RNAs in Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:663. [PMID: 32670861 PMCID: PMC7326090 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs), which are generated mainly from back-splicing of exons in precursor mRNAs (pre-mRNAs), are a novel class of endogenous covalently closed RNA molecules. Their functions as microRNA sponges, protein scaffolds, and modulators of transcription and splicing, as well as occasional templates for polypeptide production, are beginning to be recognized, though the investigation of circRNAs is in its infancy. circRNAs play critical roles in diverse cellular processes. Aberrant expression of circRNAs in malignancies sustains cellular growth and proliferation, promotes cellular invasiveness, and circumvents cellular senescence and death, suggesting their potential for exploitation as clinical biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this review, we highlight recent progress in research on circRNAs in cancer, emphasizing the molecular mechanisms and potential clinical value of circRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Meinan Yan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer Biology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy, Tianjin, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Tianjin, China
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14
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Jeyaraman S, Hanif EAM, Ab Mutalib NS, Jamal R, Abu N. Circular RNAs: Potential Regulators of Treatment Resistance in Human Cancers. Front Genet 2020; 10:1369. [PMID: 32047511 PMCID: PMC6997550 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.01369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) which were once considered as "junk" are now in the spotlight as a potential player in regulating human diseases, especially cancer. With the development of high throughput technologies in recent years, the full potential of circRNAs is being uncovered. CircRNAs possess some unique characteristics and advantageous properties that could benefit medical research and clinical applications. CircRNAs are stable with covalently closed loops that are resistant to ribonucleases, have disease stage-specific expressions and are selectively abundant in different types of tissues. Interestingly, the presence of circRNAs in different types of treatment resistance in human cancers was recently observed with the involvement of a few key pathways. The activation of certain pathways by circRNAs may give new insights to treatment resistance management. The potential usage of circRNAs from this aspect is very much in its infancy stage and has not been fully validated. This mini-review attempts to highlight the possible role of circRNAs as regulators of treatment resistance in human cancers based on its intersection molecules and cancer-related regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivapriya Jeyaraman
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Abu
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute (UMBI), UKM Medical Center, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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15
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Lei X, Fang Z, Guo L. Predicting circRNA-Disease Associations Based on Improved Collaboration Filtering Recommendation System With Multiple Data. Front Genet 2019; 10:897. [PMID: 31608124 PMCID: PMC6773885 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
With the development of high-throughput techniques, various biological molecules are discovered, which includes the circular RNAs (circRNAs). Circular RNA is a novel endogenous noncoding RNA that plays significant roles in regulating gene expression, moderating the microRNAs transcription as sponges, diagnosing diseases, and so on. Based on the circRNA particular molecular structures that are closed-loop structures with neither 5′-3′ polarities nor polyadenylated tails, circRNAs are more stable and conservative than the normal linear coding or noncoding RNAs, which makes circRNAs a biomarker of various diseases. Although some conventional experiments are used to identify the associations between circRNAs and diseases, almost the techniques and experiments are time-consuming and expensive. In this study, we propose a collaboration filtering recommendation system–based computational method, which handles the “cold start” problem to predict the potential circRNA–disease associations, which is named ICFCDA. All the known circRNA–disease associations data are downloaded from circR2Disease database (http://bioinfo.snnu.edu.cn/CircR2Disease/). Based on these data, multiple data are extracted from different databases to calculate the circRNA similarity networks and the disease similarity networks. The collaboration filtering recommendation system algorithm is first employed to predict circRNA–disease associations. Then, the leave-one-out cross validation mechanism is adopted to measure the performance of our proposed computational method. ICFCDA achieves the areas under the curve of 0.946, which is better than other existing methods. In order to further illustrate the performance of ICFCDA, case studies of some common diseases are made, and the results are confirmed by other databases. The experimental results show that ICFCDA is competent in predicting the circRNA–disease associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Lei
- School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Zengqiang Fang
- School of Computer Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
| | - Ling Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, China
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16
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Yin Y, Long J, He Q, Li Y, Liao Y, He P, Zhu W. Emerging roles of circRNA in formation and progression of cancer. J Cancer 2019; 10:5015-5021. [PMID: 31602252 PMCID: PMC6775606 DOI: 10.7150/jca.30828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are recently discovered as a special novel type of endogenous noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which form a covalently closed continuous loop and are highly represented in the eukaryotic transcriptome. Recent research revealed that circRNAs can function as microRNA (miRNA) sponges, regulators of splicing and transcription, as well as interact with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). In this review, not only the function and mechanism, but also the experimental methods of circRNA are summarized. The summary of the current state of circRNA will help us in the discovery of novel biomarkers, the therapeutic targets and their potential significance in diagnosis and treatment of diseases. CircRNAs might play important roles in cancers especially in hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric carcinoma and colorectal cancer as well as serving as diagnostic or predictive biomarkers of some diseases and providing new treatments of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Yin
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiali Long
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qinglian He
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yuling Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yanqiu Liao
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Peishan He
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong Province, China
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17
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Chen Z, Ren R, Wan D, Wang Y, Xue X, Jiang M, Shen J, Han Y, Liu F, Shi J, Kuang Y, Li W, Zhi Q. Hsa_circ_101555 functions as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-597-5p to promote colorectal cancer progression. Oncogene 2019; 38:6017-6034. [PMID: 31300733 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-019-0857-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CircRNAs have been reported to exert momentous roles in regulating pathophysiological process and guiding clinical diagnosis and treatment in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, there are still a lot of circRNAs that need to be unearthed. In this study, we evaluated the expression profile of circRNAs in 10 CRC tissues and their corresponding normal-appearing tissues (NATs) by microarray, and identified that hsa_circ_101555 (circ101555) was significantly up-regulated in tumor tissues and closely related to the prognosis of CRC patients. A specific close loop structure of circ101555 was described, which was generated by back-splicing of the host gene CSNK1G1 and showed greater stability than the linear RNA. The results in vitro and in vivo showed that silencing circ101555 expression significantly suppressed cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and impaired the DNA repair capacity of CRC cells, while rescue experiments suggested that down-expression of miR-597-5p could significantly attenuate the biological effects of circ101555 knockdown on CRC cells. Subsequent experiments in vitro, including double fluorescence in situ hybridization (D-FISH) analysis, RIP analysis and biotin-coupled probe pull down assay, confirmed that miR-597-5p was effectively enriched by circ101555, and circ101555 might serve as a sponge of miR-597-5p. Moreover, two putative oncogenes (CDK6 and RPA3) were identified as the miR-597-5p potential targets. Taken together, our results proved that circ101555 might function as a competing endogenous RNA of miR-597-5p to up-regulate CDK6 and RPA3 expression in CRC. Circ101555 could be a useful prognostic indicator in patients with CRC, and silence of circ101555 provided a new attractive therapeutic measure for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenlong Chen
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Rui Ren
- Department of General Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215000, Suzhou, China
| | - Daiwei Wan
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Hepatic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Xue
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Min Jiang
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Jiaqing Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Ye Han
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Fei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Jianming Shi
- Department of Oncology, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Suzhou Hospital, 215002, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuting Kuang
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China.
| | - Qiaoming Zhi
- Department of General Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, 215006, Suzhou, China.
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18
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Hao S, Cong L, Qu R, Liu R, Zhang G, Li Y. Emerging roles of circular RNAs in colorectal cancer. Onco Targets Ther 2019; 12:4765-4777. [PMID: 31354303 PMCID: PMC6590902 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s208235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a newly discovered class of endogenous non-coding RNAs. Owing to the development of high-throughput sequencing, researchers have identified thousands of circRNAs. Emerging evidence suggests that circRNAs are involved in various tumor cell processes, including proliferation, apoptosis, invasion and migration. Because of their high stability and abundance, tissue-specific expression, and easy detection, circRNAs are considered ideal biomarkers for cancer diagnosis and prognosis. An increasing number of studies have recently demonstrated that circRNAs are closely associated with colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC is the third most common cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related death globally. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in the development and progression of CRC is vital. In this review, we summarize the current literature regarding human circRNAs related to CRC and present an overview of the potential clinical implications of circRNAs with respect to CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuhong Hao
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Cong
- Department of Digestive Endoscopy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongfeng Qu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Guizhen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yarong Li
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China
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19
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Ge J, Jin Y, Lv X, Liao Q, Luo C, Ye G, Zhang X. Expression profiles of circular RNAs in human colorectal cancer based on RNA deep sequencing. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22952. [PMID: 31169949 PMCID: PMC6757124 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel group of RNAs and play essential roles in cancers. However, the expression profiles of circRNAs in human colorectal cancer (CRC) are largely unclear. Methods The differentially expressed circRNAs, mRNAs, and microRNAs (miRNAs) between CRC tissues and paired adjacent normal tissues were first screened. Then, gene ontology and pathway analyses were performed to predict the possible functions. In addition, we identified the differentially expressed circRNAs in CRC correlated with Krüppel‐like factor 4 (KLF4) and validated their expression levels in CRC tissues. Finally, the correlations between hsa_circ_0142527 expression levels and clinicopathological features of patients with CRC were also analyzed. Results After filtered 4735 circRNAs by RNA deep sequencing, 67 differentially expressed circRNAs (fold change >2.0, P < 0.05) were selected. The top two pathways were cell cycle and other glycan degradation. Hsa_circ_0142527 and KLF4 mRNA were significantly lower expressed in CRC tissues in both training and confirm groups and have high positive correlation (r = 0.754). We further found that the expression levels of hsa_circ_0142527 were significantly associated with age (P = 0.004), differentiation (P = 0.008), invasion (P = 0.029), distal metastasis (P = 0.004), TNM stage (P = 0.005), and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA; P = 0.037). Conclusions The circRNA expression profile of CRC provided new clues for understanding the occurrence of CRC. Hsa_circ_0142527 may be served as a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Ge
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Yanping Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xueyou Lv
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Qi Liao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Pathophysiology, Ningbo University School of Medicine, Ningbo, China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xinjun Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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20
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Liu F, Zhang J, Qin L, Yang Z, Xiong J, Zhang Y, Li R, Li S, Wang H, Yu B, Zhao W, Wang W, Li Z, Liu J. Circular RNA EIF6 (Hsa_circ_0060060) sponges miR-144-3p to promote the cisplatin-resistance of human thyroid carcinoma cells by autophagy regulation. Aging (Albany NY) 2018; 10:3806-3820. [PMID: 30540564 PMCID: PMC6326687 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) responds for the majority of death of thyroid carcinoma and often causes chemotherapy resistance. We investigated the influence of circEIF6 (Hsa_circ_0060060) on the cisplatin-sensitivity in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and ATC cells, and explored its regulation to downstream molecules miR-144-3p and Transforming Growth Factor α (TGF-α). Differentially expressed circRNAs in PTC were analyzed using the GSE93522 data downloaded. Expressions of circEIF6, miR-144-3p, TGF-α, autophagy-related proteins and apoptosis-related proteins were determined using qRT-PCR or western blot. RNA pull-down assay and dual luciferase report assay were applied to reveal the target relationships. Autophagy marker LC3 and cell proliferation marker ki67 were evaluated by immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry. Cell viability was evaluated with MTT assay and cell apoptosis was assessed by flow cytometric analysis. CircEIF6, could promote autophagy induced by cisplatin, thus inhibiting cell apoptosis and enhancing the resistance of PTC and ATC cells to cisplatin. Has-miR-144-3p was the target of circEIF6 and was regulated by circEIF6. Besides, circEIF6 promoted autophagy by regulating miR-144-3p/TGF-α axis, enhancing the cisplatin-resistance in PTC and ATC cells. CircEIF6 promoted tumor growth by regulating miR-144-3p/TGF-α and circEIF6 knock-down enhanced cisplatin sensitivity in vivo. CircEIF6 could provide a target for therapy of cisplatin-resistance in thyroid carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
- Equal contribution
| | - Long Qin
- Department of General Surgery, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ziyao Yang
- Department of General Surgery, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jianxia Xiong
- Department of General Surgery, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Ruihuan Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Shujing Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Huifang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Bo Yu
- Department of General Surgery, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Wenjun Zhao
- Department of General Surgery, First Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Weiran Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Second Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Zhensu Li
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of General Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, Shanxi, China
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21
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Chen R, Jiang T, Lei S, She Y, Shi H, Zhou S, Ou J, Liu Y. Expression of circular RNAs during C2C12 myoblast differentiation and prediction of coding potential based on the number of open reading frames and N6-methyladenosine motifs. Cell Cycle 2018; 17:1832-1845. [PMID: 30080426 PMCID: PMC6133337 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2018.1502575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of circular RNAs (circRNAs) as regulators of muscle development and muscle-associated disorders is becoming increasingly apparent. To explore potential regulators of muscle differentiation, we determined the expression profiles of circRNAs of skeletal muscle C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes using microarray analysis. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were performed to explore circRNA functions. We also established competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks using bioinformatics methods and predicted the coding potential of differentially expressed circRNAs. We found that 581 circRNAs were differentially regulated between C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes. Bioinformatics analysis suggested that the primary functions of the linear transcripts of the circRNAs were linked with organization of the cytoskeleton, calcium signaling, cell cycle, and metabolic pathways. ceRNA networks showed that the myogenic-specific genes myogenin, myocyte enhancer factor 2a, myosin heavy chain (Myh)-1, Myh7, and Myh7b could combine with 91 miRNAs and the top 30 upregulated circRNAs, forming 239 edges. According to the number of open reading frames and N6-methyladenosine motifs, we identified 224 circRNAs with coding potential, and performed GO and KEGG analyses based on the linear counterparts of 75 circRNAs. We determined that the 75 circRNAs were related to regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and metabolic pathways. We established expression profiles of circRNAs during C2C12 myoblast differentiation and predicted the function of differentially expressed circRNAs, which might be involved in skeletal muscle development. Our study offers new insight into the functions of circRNAs in skeletal muscle growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ting Jiang
- Department of Radiology,The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si Lei
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanling She
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huacai Shi
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shanyao Zhou
- Guangdong Traditional Medical and Sports Injury Rehabilitation Research Institute, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Ou
- Department of Technology, Guangzhou FitGene Biotechnology CO., LTD, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yulin Liu
- Department of Technology, Guangzhou FitGene Biotechnology CO., LTD, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Circular RNAs as novel biomarkers with regulatory potency in human diseases. Future Sci OA 2018; 4:FSO314. [PMID: 30112184 PMCID: PMC6088266 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2018-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a large class of noncoding RNAs characterized with closed loop structures without 3′ and 5′ polar ends. They can roughly be divided into exonic circRNAs, exon–intron circRNAs and circular intronic RNAs. CircRNAs are characterized with stability, prevalence, specificity and conservation, which arouse great interest in circRNAs as disease biomarkers. Their abilities to sponge to miRNAs, cis-regulate parent genes, bind to proteins and encode proteins endow circRNAs a critical role of regulation in eukaryotic cells. This concise review focuses on circRNAs as functional biomarkers and therapeutic targets in both tumor and nontumorous diseases. Although they were discovered in 1970s, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have attracted great interest only relatively recently. Instead of genome ‘junk matters’, circRNAs are now considered as promising biomarkers and treatment targets. CircRNAs are involved in numerous cancer-related and noncancer diseases, such as lung cancer, gastric cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and so on. This review outlines the classification, characterization and function of circRNAs, with a specific focus on recent studies concerning the role of circRNAs in human diseases.
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23
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Haque S, Harries LW. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) in Health and Disease. Genes (Basel) 2017; 8:genes8120353. [PMID: 29182528 PMCID: PMC5748671 DOI: 10.3390/genes8120353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Splicing events do not always produce a linear transcript. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a class of RNA that are emerging as key new members of the gene regulatory milieu, which are produced by back-splicing events within genes. In circRNA formation, rather than being spliced in a linear fashion, exons can be circularised by use of the 3′ acceptor splice site of an upstream exon, leading to the formation of a circular RNA species. circRNAs have been demonstrated across species and have the potential to present genetic information in new orientations distinct from their parent transcript. The importance of these RNA players in gene regulation and normal cellular homeostasis is now beginning to be recognised. They have several potential modes of action, from serving as sponges for micro RNAs and RNA binding proteins, to acting as transcriptional regulators. In accordance with an important role in the normal biology of the cell, perturbations of circRNA expression are now being reported in association with disease. Furthermore, the inherent stability of circRNAs conferred by their circular structure and exonuclease resistance, and their expression in blood and other peripheral tissues in association with endosomes and microvesicles, renders them excellent candidates as disease biomarkers. In this review, we explore the state of knowledge on this exciting class of transcripts in regulating gene expression and discuss their emerging role in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahnaz Haque
- RNA-Mediated Mechanisms of Disease Group, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK.
| | - Lorna W Harries
- RNA-Mediated Mechanisms of Disease Group, Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, Barrack Road, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK.
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