1
|
Song J, Zhou H, Sun C, Jiao L, Gong Y, Yao J, Xu L. Combination of Brucea javanica oil emulsion and Aidi injection associated with the long‑term survival of a patient with colon cancer and lung metastases post‑chemotherapy: A case report. Oncol Lett 2024; 28:361. [PMID: 38895054 PMCID: PMC11184358 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2024.14494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks as the third most frequently diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Treatment options for patients with advanced CRC recurrence and metastases remain limited, particularly for those unable to withstand chemotherapy. Bruscea javanica oil emulsion (BJOE) and Aidi injection (ADI) are two plant-derived products that have antitumor effects. The current report presents the case of a patient with colon cancer and resectable lung metastases. Despite the surgical removal of the metastatic lesions, tumor recurrence was not prevented. The patient underwent three chemotherapy regimens following lung metastasis surgery, namely XELOX, single-agent irinotecan and single-agent tegafur-gimeracil-oteracil potassium capsule, but experienced intolerable adverse reactions with each, and disease progression was observed during subsequent follow-up. Nonetheless, the patient achieved a progression-free survival of >5 years under BJOE + ADI treatment and continues to receive BJOE + ADI treatment to date. Although further research is required to understand the effectiveness of this treatment combination, the present case may instill hope in the treatment of future patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Song
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Hailun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Chenbing Sun
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Lijing Jiao
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
- Institute of Translational Cancer Research for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Yabin Gong
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Jialin Yao
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| | - Ling Xu
- Department of Oncology, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
- Institute of Translational Cancer Research for Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200437, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Razumovskaya AV, Silkina MO, Nikulin SV, Tonevitsky AG, Alekseev BY. Modulators of the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway Enhance the Cytotoxic Effect of Standard Chemotherapeutic Drugs on Organoids of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Bull Exp Biol Med 2024; 176:703-708. [PMID: 38724815 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-024-06093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
The activity of known modulators of the Nrf2 signaling pathway (bardoxolone and brusatol) was studied on cultures of tumor organoids of metastatic colorectal cancer previously obtained from three patients. The effect of modulators was studied both as monotherapy and in combination with standard chemotherapy drugs used to treat colorectal cancer. The Nrf2 inhibitor brusatol and the Nrf2 activator bardoxolone have antitumor activity. Moreover, bardoxolone and brusatol also significantly enhance the effect of the chemotherapy drugs 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan metabolite SN-38. Thus, bardoxolone and brusatol can be considered promising candidates for further preclinical and clinical studies in the treatment of colorectal cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A V Razumovskaya
- Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - M O Silkina
- Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
- National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| | - S V Nikulin
- Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.
- National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia.
- Dmitry Rogachev National Medical Research Center of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, and Immunology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - B Ya Alekseev
- National Medical Research Center of Radiology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Obninsk, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Chen J, Yu D, Li X, Deng Q, Yang H, Chen L, Bai L. A review of Brucea javanica: metabolites, pharmacology and clinical application. Front Pharmacol 2024; 14:1317620. [PMID: 38371913 PMCID: PMC10871038 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1317620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This review examines advances in the metabolites, pharmacological research, and therapeutic applications of the medicinal fruit of Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. Brucea javanica (BJ) is derived from the fruit of the Brucea javanica (L.) Merr. There are nearly 200 metabolites present in BJ, and due to the diversity of its metabolites, BJ has a wide range of pharmacological effects. The traditional pharmacological effects of BJ include anti-dysentery, anti-malaria, etc. The research investigating the contemporary pharmacological impacts of BJ mainly focuses on its anti-tumor properties. In the article, the strong monomeric metabolites among these pharmacological effects were preliminarily screened. Regarding the pharmacological mechanism of action, current research has initially explored BJ's pharmacological agent and molecular signaling pathways. However, a comprehensive system has yet to be established. BJ preparations have been utilized in clinical settings and have demonstrated effectiveness. Nevertheless, clinical research is primarily limited to observational studies, and there is a need for higher-quality research evidence to support its clinical application. There are still many difficulties and obstacles in studying BJ. However, it is indisputable that BJ is a botanical drugs with significant potential for application, and it is expected to have broader global usage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangyuan Central Hospital of Sichuan Province, Guangyuan, China
| | - Dongke Yu
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qichuan Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Hao Yang
- Power China Chengdu Engineering Corporation Limited, Chengdu, China
| | - Lu Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Guanghan People's Hospital, Guanghan, China
| | - Lan Bai
- Department of Pharmacy, Personalized Drug Therapy Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Li B, Shao H, Gao L, Li H, Sheng H, Zhu L. Nano-drug co-delivery system of natural active ingredients and chemotherapy drugs for cancer treatment: a review. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:2130-2161. [PMID: 35815678 PMCID: PMC9275501 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2094498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy drugs have been used for a long time in the treatment of cancer, but serious side effects are caused by the inability of the drug to be solely delivered to the tumor when treating cancer with chemotherapy. Natural products have attracted more and more attention due to the antitumor effect in multiple ways, abundant resources and less side effects. Therefore, the combination of natural active ingredients and chemotherapy drugs may be an effective antitumor strategy, which can inhibit the growth of tumor and multidrug resistance, reduce side effects of chemotherapy drugs. Nano-drug co-delivery system (NDCDS) can play an important role in the combination of natural active ingredients and chemotherapy drugs. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the research status and application prospect of nano-delivery strategies for the combination of natural active ingredients and chemotherapy drugs, aiming to provide a basis for the development of anti-tumor drugs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huili Shao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huan Li
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huagang Sheng
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liqiao Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Huang CH, Wang FT, Chan WH. Role of caspase-3-cleaved/activated PAK2 in brusatol-triggered apoptosis of human lung cancer A549 cells. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2022; 11:791-803. [PMID: 36337251 PMCID: PMC9623572 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfac057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brusatol, a major quassinoid extract of Bruceae fructus, is an important bioactive component with antineoplastic capacity. Several beneficial pharmacological and biological properties of brusatol have been uncovered to date, including anti-inflammatory, anticolitis, antimalarial, and anticancer activities. To confer anticancer benefits, brusatol is reported to effectively inhibit the Nrf2-mediated antioxidant response and trigger apoptotic signaling. In this study, we investigated the regulatory mechanisms underlying apoptotic processes in brusatol-treated A549 cells in detail. Our experiments showed that brusatol induces cell death through intracellular ROS-triggered mitochondria-dependent apoptotic events and does not involve necrosis. Mechanistically, p21-activated protein kinase 2 (PAK2) was cleaved by caspase-3 to generate an activated p34 fragment involved in brusatol-induced apoptosis of A549 cells. Notably, PAK2 knockdown led to downregulation of caspase-3-mediated PAK2 activity, in turn, effectively attenuating brusatol-induced apoptosis, highlighting a crucial role of caspase-3-activated PAK2 in this process. Moreover, knockdown of PAK2 resulted in significant inhibition of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity in brusatol-treated A549 cells, clearly suggesting that JNK serves as a downstream substrate of caspase-3-cleaved/activated PAK2 in the apoptotic cascade. SP600125, a specific JNK inhibitor, significantly suppressed brusatol-induced JNK activity but only partially prevented apoptosis, implying that JNK serves as only one of a number of substrates for PAK2 in the brusatol-triggered apoptotic cascade. Based on the collective results, we propose a signaling cascade model for brusatol-induced apoptosis in human A549 cells involving ROS, caspases, PAK2, and JNK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hsun Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taoyuan General Hospital, Ministry of Health & Welfare, Zhongshan Road, Taoyuan District, Taoyuan City 33004, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Ting Wang
- Rehabilitation and Technical Aid Center, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Section 2, Shipai Road, Beitou District, Taipei City 11217, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiung Chan
- Department of Bioscience Technology and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Zhongbei Road, Zhongli District, Taoyuan City 32023, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ardıl B, Alper M. Potential cancer treatment effects of brusatol or eriodictyol combined with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) in colorectal cancer cell. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:1109-1123. [PMID: 35857038 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02270-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is among the most frequently diagnosed cancers in patients today. In the treatment of this disease, combination or multicomponent therapy has been identified as a potential method to improve patient response and delay side effects. The aim of this study was to determine the effects on cell viability of commercial Bru and Erio used together with the anticancer drug 5-FU in the human colorectal cancer (CRC) cell line (HT-29 cell line) for the first time, as far as can be determined from available literature at this time. Additionally, the research seeks to study any potential effects on apoptosis. For this purpose, the effects of independent and combined treatments of the aforementioned agents on cell viability were investigated through the MTT experiment. Apoptotic effects were determined by Annexin V/PI and real-time PCR methods. In addition, a cell cycle analysis was used to determine the distribution of cells in the cycle. Data from experiments for 48 h showed that Bru, alone or in combination with 5-FU, is capable of causing an increase in the percentage of apoptotic cells in HT-29 cells compared to those of Erio alone or in combination with 5-FU. A significant increase in the level of bax and caspase-3 apoptotic genes was also detected in combinations of IC50 concentrations of Bru and 5-FU. These findings suggest that unlike Erio, Bru alone or in combination with 5-FU may be useful for increasing the effects of 5-FU used in the treatment of CRC and to provide data on alternative treatment approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Buse Ardıl
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Mehlika Alper
- Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Muğla Sıtkı Koçman University, 48000, Mugla, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhang J, Xu HX, Dou YX, Huang QH, Xian YF, Lin ZX. Major Constituents From Brucea javanica and Their Pharmacological Actions. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:853119. [PMID: 35370639 PMCID: PMC8971814 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.853119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brucea javanica (Ya-dan-zi in Chinese) is a well-known Chinese herbal medicine, which is traditionally used in Chinese medicine for the treatment of intestinal inflammation, diarrhea, malaria, and cancer. The formulation of the oil (Brucea javanica oil) has been widely used to treat various types of cancer. It has also been found that B. javanica is rich in chemical constituents, including quassinoids, triterpenes, alkaloids and flavonoids. Pharmacological studies have revealed that chemical compounds derived from B. javanica exhibit multiple bioactivities, such as anti-cancer, anti-bacterial, anti-diabetic, and others. This review provides a comprehensive summary on the pharmacological properties of the main chemical constituents presented in B. javanica and their underlying molecular mechanisms. Moreover, the review will also provide scientific references for further research and development of B. javanica and its chemical constituents into novel pharmaceutical products for disease management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Juan Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Hong-Xi Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yao-Xing Dou
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong-Hui Huang
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
| | - Yan-Fang Xian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Fang Xian, ; Zhi-Xiu Lin,
| | - Zhi-Xiu Lin
- School of Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
- Hong Kong Institute of Integrative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, China
- *Correspondence: Yan-Fang Xian, ; Zhi-Xiu Lin,
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kamran S, Sinniah A, Chik Z, Alshawsh MA. Diosmetin Exerts Synergistic Effects in Combination with 5-Fluorouracil in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030531. [PMID: 35327333 PMCID: PMC8945009 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is a chemotherapeutic medication commonly used to treat colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the drug-associated adverse effects and toxicity have greatly affected its clinical use. Exploring another therapeutic strategy that lowers the toxicity of 5-FU while having a synergistic effect against CRC is thus a viable option. Diosmetin, a natural flavonoid, has been shown to inhibit the proliferation of many cancer cells, including CRC cells. This study aims to investigate the synergistic effect of diosmetin and 5-FU on HCT116 and HT29 colorectal cancer cells and to explore the apoptotic activity of this combination. The MTT assay was used to assess the viability of cells treated with monotherapy and combination therapy. The combination index (CI) and dose reduction index (DRI) were calculated using the CompuSyn software (version 1.0). The SynergyFinder 2.0 software was used to calculate the synergy score, while the Combenefit software was employed to perform isobologram analysis and synergism determination. The AO/PI double staining technique was used to detect the apoptotic characteristics of cells, whereas the flow cytometry technique was used to investigate the apoptosis induction and cell cycle arrest in cells. The combination of 5-FU and diosmetin showed a synergistic effect in HCT116 cells with a mean CI value of 0.66 ± 0.4, and an additive effect in HT29 cells with a CI value of 1.0 ± 0.2. The DRI of 5-FU in HCT116 cells was three times lower in the combination therapy compared to monotherapy of 5-FU. AO/PI microscopic examination and Annexin V analysis revealed that the combination-treated cells had more apoptotic cells than the monotherapy-treated cells, which was activated mainly through intrinsic apoptosis pathway. HCT116 cell death was confirmed by mitotic arrest in the G2/M phase. Our findings suggest that 5-FU/diosmetin combination exhibits synergistic effect against HCT116 cancer cells, and potentially reduces the unfavorable adverse effect of 5-FU while enhancing the anticancer efficacy by inducing apoptosis and interrupting mitosis. Further research studies are needed to validate the combination’s anti-tumorigenic activities in a xenograft animal model.
Collapse
|
9
|
Dai Z, Cai L, Chen Y, Wang S, Zhang Q, Wang C, Tu M, Zhu Z, Li Q, Lu X. Brusatol Inhibits Proliferation and Invasion of Glioblastoma by Down-Regulating the Expression of ECM1. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:775680. [PMID: 34970146 PMCID: PMC8713816 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.775680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Brusatol (Bru), a Chinese herbal extract, has a variety of anti-tumor effects. However, little is known regarding its role and underlying mechanism in glioblastoma cells. Here, we found that Bru could inhibit the proliferation of glioblastoma cells in vivo and in vitro. Besides, it also had an inhibitory effect on human primary glioblastoma cells. RNA-seq analysis indicated that Bru possibly achieved these effects through inhibiting the expression of extracellular matrix protein 1 (ECM1). Down-regulating the expression of ECM1 via transfecting siRNA could weaken the proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma cells and promote the inhibitory effect of Bru treatment. Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of ECM1 could effectively reverse this weakening effect. Our findings indicated that Bru could inhibit the proliferation and invasion of glioblastoma cells by suppressing the expression of ECM1, and Bru might be a novel effective anticancer drug for glioblastoma cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhang'an Dai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Silu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengde Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ming Tu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhangzhang Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Qun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xianghe Lu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Rodriguez S, Skeet K, Mehmetoglu-Gurbuz T, Goldfarb M, Karri S, Rocha J, Shahinian M, Yazadi A, Poudel S, Subramani R. Phytochemicals as an Alternative or Integrative Option, in Conjunction with Conventional Treatments for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225753. [PMID: 34830907 PMCID: PMC8616323 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is globally ranked as the sixth most diagnosed cancer, and the second most deadly cancer. To worsen matters, there are only limited therapeutic options currently available; therefore, it is necessary to find a reservoir from which new HCC treatments may be acquired. The field of phytomedicine may be the solution to this problem, as it offers an abundance of plant-derived molecules, which show capabilities of being effective against HCC proliferation, invasion, migration, and metastasis. In our review, we collect and analyze current evidence regarding these promising phytochemical effects on HCC, and delve into their potential as future chemotherapies. Additionally, information on the signaling behind these numerous phytochemicals is provided, in an attempt to understand their mechanisms. This review makes accessible the current body of knowledge pertaining to phytochemicals as HCC treatments, in order to serve as a reference and inspiration for further research into this subject. Abstract Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most abundant form of liver cancer. It accounts for 75–85% of liver cancer cases and, though it ranks globally as the sixth most common cancer, it ranks second in cancer-related mortality. Deaths from HCC are usually due to metastatic spread of the cancer. Unfortunately, there are many challenges and limitations with the latest HCC therapies and medications, making it difficult for patients to receive life-prolonging care. As there is clearly a high demand for alternative therapy options for HCC, it is prudent to turn to plants for the solution, as their phytochemicals have long been used and revered for their many medicinal purposes. This review explores the promising phytochemical compounds identified from pre-clinical and clinical trials being used either independently or in conjunction with already existing cancer therapy treatments. The phytochemicals discussed in this review were classified into several categories: lipids, polyphenols, alkaloids, polysaccharides, whole extracts, and phytochemical combinations. Almost 80% of the compounds failed to progress into clinical studies due to lack of information regarding the toxicity to normal cells and bioavailability. Although large obstacles remain, phytochemicals can be used either as an alternative or integrative therapy in conjunction with existing HCC chemotherapies. In conclusion, phytochemicals have great potential as treatment options for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl Rodriguez
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (S.R.); (T.M.-G.); (S.P.)
| | - Kristy Skeet
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (K.S.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - Tugba Mehmetoglu-Gurbuz
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (S.R.); (T.M.-G.); (S.P.)
| | - Madeline Goldfarb
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (M.G.); (S.K.)
| | - Shri Karri
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (M.G.); (S.K.)
| | - Jackelyn Rocha
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (K.S.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - Mark Shahinian
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (K.S.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - Abdallah Yazadi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (K.S.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (A.Y.)
| | - Seeta Poudel
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (S.R.); (T.M.-G.); (S.P.)
| | - Ramadevi Subramani
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer Research, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (S.R.); (T.M.-G.); (S.P.)
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, El Paso, TX 79905, USA; (K.S.); (J.R.); (M.S.); (A.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-915-215-6851
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
He F, Gai J, Wang J, Tang L, Liu Y, Feng Q. Atrial natriuretic peptide protects vertebral endplate chondrocytes against H 2O 2‑induced apoptosis and oxidative stress through activation of the Nrf2/HO‑1 signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:754. [PMID: 34476501 PMCID: PMC8436219 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on cell apoptosis and oxidative stress in H2O2-induced vertebral endplate chondrocytes (EPCs), and to assess the associated mechanisms involved. Cell viability and apoptosis were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 method and TUNEL assay, respectively. In addition, the scavenging capability was detected using various enzymatic assays, and the quantity of nitric oxide (NO) and malondialdehyde (MDA), and activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were assessed. The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins, activation of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling pathway induced by H2O2 and the effect of treatment with ANP on vertebral EPCs were detected by western blotting. The results revealed that ANP protected EPCs from H2O2-induced cell damage. H2O2-induced intracellular MDA was decreased by ANP, and the levels of SOD and NO were increased in the presence of ANP. ANP also inhibited the H2O2-induced alterations in the expression levels of cleaved-caspase-3, Bax and Bcl-2. Finally, ANP blocked H2O2-induced oxidative stress through activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway. These findings suggested that ANP may effectively protect EPCs through inhibition of H2O2-induced oxidant injury and cell death by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feiping He
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Jingying Gai
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Lei Tang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Yifeng Liu
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| | - Qingchun Feng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second People's Hospital of Hunan Province, Brain Hospital of Hunan Province, Changsha, Hunan 410007, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Brusatol suppresses STAT3-driven metastasis by downregulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma. J Adv Res 2020; 26:83-94. [PMID: 33133685 PMCID: PMC7584682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2020.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process of transdifferentiation where epithelial cells attain mesenchymal phenotype to gain invasive properties and thus, can contribute to metastasis of tumor cells. Objectives The antimetastatic and antitumor efficacy of brusatol (BT) was investigated in a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) model. Methods We evaluated the action of BT on EMT process using various biological assays in HCC cell lines and its effect on tumorigenesis in an orthotopic mouse model. Results We found that BT treatment restored the expression of Occludin, E-cadherin (epithelial markers) while suppressing the levels of different mesenchymal markers in HCC cells and tumor tissues. Moreover, we observed a decline in the expression of transcription factors (Snail, Twist). Since the expression of these two factors can be regulated by STAT3 signaling, we deciphered the influence of BT on modulation of this pathway. BT suppressed the phosphorylation of STAT3Y705 and STAT3 depletion using siRNA resulted in the restoration of epithelial markers. Importantly, BT (1mg/kg) reduced the tumor burden in orthotopic mouse model with a concurrent decline in lung metastasis. Conclusions Overall, our results demonstrate that BT interferes with STAT3 induced metastasis by altering the expression of EMT-related proteins in HCC model.
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu Z, Han X, Ou D, Liu T, Li Z, Jiang G, Liu J, Zhang J. Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy for tumor therapy. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2019; 104:575-587. [PMID: 31832711 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10257-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process and participates in a variety of cellular biological activities. The phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, as a critical regulator of autophagy, is involved in the initiation and promotion of a series of pathological disorders including various tumors. Autophagy also participates in regulating the balance between the tumor and the tumor microenvironment. Natural products have been considered a treasure of new drug discoveries and are of great value to medicine. Mounting evidence has suggested that numerous natural products are targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy, thereby suppressing tumor growth. Furthermore, autophagy plays a "double-edged sword" role in different tumors. Targeting PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy is an important therapeutic strategy for a variety of tumors, and plays important roles in enhancing the chemosensitivity of tumor cells and avoiding drug resistance. Therefore, we summarized the roles of PI3K/AKT/mTOR-mediated autophagy in tumorigenesis, progression, and drug resistance of tumors, which may be utilized to design preferably therapeutic strategies for various tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenru Xu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xu Han
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Daming Ou
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Zunxiong Li
- University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Guanmin Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Molecular Biology Research Center & Center for Medical Genetics, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|