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Zhang YQ, Zhang YW, Dai JL, Li C, Wang WQ, Zhang HF, Lau WB, Wang XM, Liu XG, Li R. Serum CTRP9 and high-molecular weight adiponectin are associated with ischemic stroke. BMC Neurol 2022; 22:429. [PMCID: PMC9664773 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-022-02967-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
C1q/TNF-related protein 9 (CTRP9) and adiponectin (APN) have beneficial metabolic regulatory and vasoprotective effects. This study explored alteration of CTRP9 and APN multimers during onset of ischemic stroke and development, to provide novel clinical and experimental basis for recognition and prevention of ischemic stroke.
Methods
There were 269 patients with ischemic stroke and 182 control subjects included in this study. Serum levels of CTRP9 and APN multimers in different disease stages were measured.
Results
Serum CTRP9, total APN (tAPN), and high-molecular weight (HMW) APN decreased gradually in stage I (acute stage, within 72 h of onset) of ischemic stroke and increased during stage III (11th day to one month) and stage IV (1 month after), compared to control. In the non-hyperlipidemia group, serum CTRP9, tAPN, and HMW were decreased in ischemic stroke patients compared to control (P < 0.05). Serum CTRP9 is closely related to serum tAPN and HMW (r = 0.992, 0.991). Serum CTRP9 are protective against ischemic stroke (OR = 0.400, 95% CI 0.197–0.810, P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Lower serum CTRP9, tAPN, LMW, and HMW are significantly associated with increased ischemic stroke risk in non-hyperlipidemia subjects. CTRP9, tAPN, and HMW isoforms may be valuable clinical indicators for patients with ischemic stroke.
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2
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Guan H, Wang Y, Li X, Xiang A, Guo F, Fan J, Yu Q. C1q/Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Protein 9: Basics and Therapeutic Potentials. Front Physiol 2022; 13:816218. [PMID: 35370782 PMCID: PMC8971810 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.816218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9 (CTRP9) is a newly discovered adipokine that is the closest paralog of adiponectin. Proteolytic cleavage of CTRP9 leads to the release of the globular domain (gCTRP9), which serves as the major circulating subtype. After binding with adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) and N-cadherin, CTRP9 activates various signaling pathways to regulate glucose and lipid metabolism, vasodilation and cell differentiation. Throughout human development and adult life, CTRP9 controls many biological phenomena. simultaneously, abnormal gene or protein expression of CTRP9 is accompanied by a wide range of human pathological phenomena. In this review, we briefly introduce CTRP9 and its associated signaling pathways and physiological functions, which may be helpful in the understanding of the occurrence of diseases. Moreover, we summarize the broader research prospects of CTRP9 and advances in therapeutic intervention. In recent years, CTRP9 has attracted extensive attention due to its role in the pathogenesis of various diseases, providing further avenues for its exploitation as a potential biomarker or therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Guan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Yanli Wang
- Department of Pathology, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiangyu Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Aoqi Xiang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Fengwei Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Jianglin Fan
- Department of Pathology, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medical Sciences, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan
- *Correspondence: Jianglin Fan,
| | - Qi Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ischemic Cardiovascular Diseases, Institute of Basic and Translational Medicine, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an, China
- Qi Yu,
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Wang G, Han B, Zhang R, Liu Q, Wang X, Huang X, Liu D, Qiao W, Yang M, Luo X, Hou J, Yu B. C1q/TNF-Related Protein 9 Attenuates Atherosclerosis by Inhibiting Hyperglycemia-Induced Endothelial Cell Senescence Through the AMPKα/KLF4 Signaling Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:758792. [PMID: 34744738 PMCID: PMC8569937 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.758792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia-induced endothelial cell senescence has been widely reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus‒accelerated atherosclerosis. Thus, understanding the underlying mechanisms and identifying potential therapeutic targets for endothelial cell senescence are valuable for attenuating atherosclerosis progression. C1q/tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9 (CTRP9), an emerging potential cardiokine, exerts a significant protective effect with respect to atherosclerosis, particularly in endothelial cells. However, the exact mechanism by which CTRP9 prevents endothelial cells from hyperglycemia-induced senescence remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of CTRP9 on hyperglycemia-induced endothelial cell senescence and atherosclerotic plaque formation in diabetic apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were cultured in normal glucose (5.5 mM) and high glucose (40 mM) with or without recombinant human CTRP9 protein (3 μg/ml) for 48 h. Purified lentiviruses overexpressing CTRP9 (Lv-CTRP9) and control vectors containing green fluorescent protein (Lv-GFP) were injected via the tail vein into streptozotocin-induced diabetic ApoE KO mice. Results revealed that exposure of HUVECs to HG significantly increased the expression of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21 (p21) and decreased that of telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT). Treatment with recombinant human CTRP9 protein protected HUVECs from HG-induced premature senescence and dysfunction. CTRP9 promoted the phosphorylation of AMP-activated kinase (AMPK), attenuated the expression of KLF4 and p21 induced by HG, and increased the expression of TERT in HUVECs. Furthermore, in the background of AMPKα knockdown or KLF4 activation, the protective effects of CTRP9 were abolished. In-vivo experiments showed that the overexpression of CTRP9 inhibited vascular senescence and reduced atherosclerotic plaque formation in ApoE KO mice with diabetes. In conclusion, we demonstrate that KLF4 upregulation plays a crucial role in HG-induced endothelial senescence. This anti-atherosclerotic effect of CTRP9 may be partly attributed to the inhibition of HG-induced endothelial senescence through an AMPKα/KLF4-dependent mechanism, suggesting that CTRP9 could benefit further therapeutic approaches for type 2 diabetes mellitus‒accelerated atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia Organization, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Baihe Han
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia Organization, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Ruoxi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Harbin Yinghua Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - Qi Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia Organization, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuedong Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia Organization, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xingtao Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia Organization, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Dandan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia Organization, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Weishen Qiao
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia Organization, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Mengyue Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia Organization, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xing Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia Organization, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jingbo Hou
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia Organization, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Bo Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Myocardial Ischemia Organization, Chinese Ministry of Education, Harbin, China.,Department of Cardiology Organization, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
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Rohrbach S, Li L, Novoyatleva T, Niemann B, Knapp F, Molenda N, Schulz R. Impact of PCSK9 on CTRP9-Induced Metabolic Effects in Adult Rat Cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2021; 12:593862. [PMID: 33643060 PMCID: PMC7904879 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.593862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The adipocytokine adiponectin and its structural homologs, the C1q/TNF-related proteins (CTRPs), increase insulin sensitivity, fatty acid oxidation and mitochondrial biogenesis. Adiponectin- and CTRP-induced signal transduction has been described to involve the adiponectin receptors and a number of co-receptors including the Low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1). LRP1 is another target of the proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9 (PCSK9) in addition to the LDL-receptor (LDL-R). Here, we investigated the influence of PCSK9 on the metabolic effects of CTRP9, the CTRP with the highest homology to adiponectin. Knockdown of LRP1 in H9C2 cardiomyoblasts blunts the effects of CTRP9 on signal transduction and mitochondrial biogenesis, suggesting its involvement in CTRP9-induced cellular effects. Treatment of adult rat cardiomyocytes with recombinant PCSK9 but not knockdown of endogenous PCSK9 by siRNA results in a strong reduction in LRP1 protein expression and subsequently reduces the mitochondrial biogenic effect of CTRP9. PCSK9 treatment (24 h) blunts the effects of CTRP9-induced signaling cascade activation (AMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase B). In addition, the stimulating effects of CTRP9 on cardiomyocyte mitochondrial biogenesis and glucose metabolism (GLUT-4 translocation, glucose uptake) are largely blunted. Basal fatty acid (FA) uptake is strongly reduced by exogenous PCSK9, although protein expression of the PCSK9 target CD36, the key regulator of FA transport in cardiomyocytes, is not altered. In addition, only minor effects of PCSK9 were observed on CTRP9-induced FA uptake or the expression of genes involved in FA metabolism or uptake. Finally, this CTRP9-induced increase in CD36 expression occurs independent from LRP1 and LDL-R. In conclusion, PCSK9 treatment influences LRP1-mediated signaling pathways in cardiomyocytes. Thus, therapeutic PCSK9 inhibition may provide an additional benefit through stimulation of glucose metabolism and mitochondrial biogenesis in addition to the known lipid-lowering effects. This could be an important beneficial side effect in situations with impaired mitochondrial function and reduced metabolic flexibility thereby influencing cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rohrbach
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Ling Li
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Tatyana Novoyatleva
- Excellence Cluster Cardio Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Bernd Niemann
- Department of Cardiac and Vascular Surgery, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Fabienne Knapp
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Nicole Molenda
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Rainer Schulz
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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Zhao L, Zhang JH, Sherchan P, Krafft PR, Zhao W, Wang S, Chen S, Guo Z, Tang J. Administration of rCTRP9 Attenuates Neuronal Apoptosis Through AdipoR1/PI3K/Akt Signaling Pathway after ICH in Mice. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:756-766. [PMID: 30642187 PMCID: PMC6686438 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718822809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting neuronal apoptosis after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) may be an important therapeutic strategy for ICH patients. Emerging evidence indicates that C1q/TNF-Related Protein 9 (CTRP9), a newly discovered adiponectin receptor agonist, exerts neuroprotection in cerebrovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-apoptotic role of CTRP9 after experimental ICH and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. ICH was induced in mice via intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase. Recombinant CTRP9 (rCTRP9) was administrated intranasally at 1 h after ICH. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, adiponectin receptor1 small interfering ribonucleic acid (AdipoR1 siRNA) and selective PI3 K inhibitor LY294002 were administered prior to rCTRP9 treatment. Western blots, neurofunctional assessments, immunofluorescence staining, and Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining experiments were performed. Administration of rCTRP9 significantly improved both short- and long-term neurofunctional behavior after ICH. RCTRP9 treatment significantly increased the expression of AdipoR1, PI3 K, p-Akt, and Bcl-2, while at the same time was found to decrease the expression of Bax in the brain, which was reversed by inhibition of AdipoR1 and PI3 K. The neuroprotective effect of rCTRP9 after ICH was mediated by attenuation of neuronal apoptosis via the AdipoR1/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway; therefore, rCTRP9 should be further evaluated as a potential therapeutic agent for ICH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianhua Zhao
- 1 Department of Neurology, Tianjin TEDA Hospital, Tianjin, China.,2 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- 2 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Prativa Sherchan
- 2 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Paul R Krafft
- 3 Department of Neurological Surgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Wei Zhao
- 1 Department of Neurology, Tianjin TEDA Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Sa Wang
- 4 Department of Neurology, Affilicated Wenling Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenling, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengpan Chen
- 2 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA.,5 Department of Neurosurgery, Affiliated Haikou Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Haikou, China
| | - Zaiyu Guo
- 1 Department of Neurology, Tianjin TEDA Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiping Tang
- 2 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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