In vitro free radical scavenging capacity of dimethylglycine sodium salt and its protective ability against oleic acid hydroperoxide-induced oxidative damage in IPEC-J2 cells

Supplementation of Dimethylglycine Sodium Salt in Sow Milk Reverses Skeletal Muscle Redox Status Imbalance and Mitochondrial Dysfunction of Intrauterine Growth Restriction Newborns

The current study sought to understand the mechanism underlying skeletal muscle dysfunction brought on by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and to explore the treatment benefits of applying dimethylglycine sodium salt (DMG-Na) in sow milk to newborns during the suckling period. Each of the 10 sows delivered one newborn with a normal birth weight (NBW) and one with an IUGR. Additionally, two NBW and two IUGR newborns were collected per litter of another 10 sows. The 20 NBW newborns were divided between the N (sow milk) and ND (sow milk + 0.1% DMG-Na) groups, while 20 IUGR newborns were divided between the I (sow milk) and ID (sow milk + 0.1% DMG-Na) groups. The skeletal muscle histomorphology, redox status, and levels of gene and protein expression were worse (p < 0.05) in the I group than in the N group. In addition, supplementation with DMG-Na (ND and ID groups) improved (p < 0.05) those parameters compared to the unsupplemented groups (N and I groups). Inhibited nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/sirtuin 1 (SIRT1)/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγcoactivator-1α (PGC-1α) activity resulted in decreased redox status, skeletal muscle structural damage, skeletal muscle mitochondrial function impairment, and decreased performance in IUGR newborns. Supplementation of DMG-Na in sow milk activated the Nrf2/SIRT1/PGC-1α in IUGR newborns, thereby improving their skeletal muscle performance.

Dimethylglycine Sodium Salt Alleviates Intrauterine Growth Restriction-Induced Low Growth Performance, Redox Status Imbalance, and Hepatic Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Suckling Piglets

This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of redox status imbalance and hepatic mitochondrial dysfunction induced by intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and relieve this condition through dimethylglycine sodium salt (DMG-Na) supplementation during the suckling period. Thirty normal birth weight (NBW) and 30 IUGR newborns were selected from 20 sows. Briefly, 1 NBW and 1 IUGR newborn were obtained from each litter of 10 sows, and 10 NBW and 10 IUGR newborns were obtained. Additionally, 2 NBW and 2 IUGR newborns were obtained from each litter of another 10 sows, and 20 NBW newborns were allocated to the N [basic milk diets (BMDs)] and ND (BMDs+0.1% DMG-Na) groups. Furthermore, 20 IUGR newborns were assigned to the I (BMDs) and ID (BMDs+0.1% DMG-Na) groups. The results revealed that the growth performance, serum and hepatic redox status, and hepatic gene and protein expression levels were lower (P < 0.05) in the I group compared to the N group. Additionally, supplementation with DMG-Na (ND and ID groups) improved (P < 0.05) these parameters compared to the non-supplemented groups (N and I groups). In conclusion, the activity of Nrf2/SIRT1/PGC1α was inhibited in IUGR newborns, and this led to their hepatic dysfunctions. Supplementation with DMG-Na activated Nrf2/SIRT1/PGC1α in IUGR newborns, thereby improving their performance.