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Saboon, Iqbal A, Bibi Y, Afzal T, Sher A, Qayyum A, Akmal M, Almoallim HS, Ansari MJ, Zeng Y. GC-MS based antioxidants characterization in Saussurea heteromalla (D. Don) Hand-Mazz by inhibition of nitric oxide generation in macrophages. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10145. [PMID: 38698070 PMCID: PMC11065987 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60577-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
For centuries, medicinal plants have served as the cornerstone for traditional health care systems and same practice is still prevalent today. In the Himalayan region, Saussurea heteromalla holds a significant place in traditional medicine and is used to address various health issues. Despite its historical use, little exploration has focused on its potential for scavenging free radicals and reducing inflammation. Hence, our current study aims to investigate the free radical scavenging capabilities of S. heteromalla extracts. The n-hexane extract of entire plant revealed promising activity. This extract underwent extensive extraction on a larger scale. Subsequent purification, employing column chromatography, HPLC-DAD techniques, led to the identification of active compounds, confirmed via GC-MS and the NIST database as 1-O-butyl 2-O-octyl benzene-1,2-dicarboxylate and 2,4-ditert-butylphenol. Assessing the free radical scavenging properties involved utilizing RAW-264.7 macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharides. Notably, the compound 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol exhibited remarkable scavenging abilities, demonstrating over 80% inhibition of Nitric oxide. This study stands as the inaugural report on the isolation of these compounds from S. heteromalla.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saboon
- Department of Botany, Women University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Asia Iqbal
- Department of Wildlife and Ecology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Ravi Campus, Pattoki, Pakistan
| | - Yamin Bibi
- Department of Botany, Rawalpindi Women University, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan.
| | - Tayyiba Afzal
- Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Plant Biology, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, ul. Kozuchowska 5b, PL 51-631, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ahmad Sher
- Institute of Agronomy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Qayyum
- Department of Agronomy, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22620, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Akmal
- Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Hesham S Almoallim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, PO Box-60169, 11545, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (Mahatma Jyotiba Phule Rohilkhand University Bareilly), Bareilly, 244001, India
| | - Yawen Zeng
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Agricultural Biotechnology Key Laboratory of Yunnan Province/Key Laboratory of the Southwestern Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Innovation, Ministry of Agriculture, Kunming, 650205, China.
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Gharat S, Basudkar V, Momin M. In-Vitro and in-Vivo Evaluation of the Developed Curcumin-Cyclosporine-Loaded Nanoemulgel for the Management of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Immunol Invest 2024; 53:490-522. [PMID: 38197806 DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2024.2301997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical nanogel-based formulations have shown potential in the management of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The aim of this research work was to explore the synergistic effect of Curcumin (CUR) and Cyclosporine (CYC) in combination via a topical route for the management of RA. METHODS The CUR+CYC loaded nanoemulsion was developed using the spontaneous emulsification technique and was subsequently incorporated into Carbopol® Ultrez 30-NF gel. The effect of the developed formulation on levels of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α) and anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10) was evaluated using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced RAW 264.7 cell culture model. The anti-arthritic activity was evaluated in a Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritic rat model. RESULTS The optimized nanoemulgel (CUR + CYC NE gel) exhibited average globule size of 15.32 nm ±2.7 nm, poly-dispersity index of 0.181 ± 0.034 and zeta potential of -16.3 mV ± 0.9 mV. The cumulative drug release from ex-vivo diffusion studies on porcine ear skin was 99.189% ± 1.419% at the of 24 h and 99.177% ± 1.234% at the end of 18 h for CUR and CYC, respectively. The cell culture studies revealed that the formulation was able to significantly lower (p < .001) the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α, inhibited prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) while significantly elevating (p < .001) the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokine (IL-10). The gel was found to be non-irritating and showed the inhibition of paw edema and substantial reduction of arthritic symptoms in an arthritic rat model as compared to commercial and other conventional alternatives. CONCLUSION This study highlights the potential of the developed nanoemulgel for the management of RA by enhancing the topical permeation of CUR and CYC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankalp Gharat
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Vivek Basudkar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
| | - Munira Momin
- Department of Pharmaceutics, SVKM's Dr. Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Mumbai, India
- Director (I/C), SVKM's Shri C. B. Patel Research Centre for Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Mumbai, India
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SHAKYA S, DANSHIITSOODOL N, NODA M, SUGIYAMA M. Transcriptional profiling of geniposide bioconversion into genipin during gardenia fructus extract fermentation by Lactobacillus (Lactiplantibacillus) plantarum SN13T. BIOSCIENCE OF MICROBIOTA, FOOD AND HEALTH 2023; 43:120-127. [PMID: 38562546 PMCID: PMC10981940 DOI: 10.12938/bmfh.2023-066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Lactiplantibacillus plantarum SN13T is a probiotic plant-derived lactic acid bacterium that can grow in various medicinal plant extracts. In this study, we fermented an aqueous extract of gardenia fructus, the fruit of a medicinal plant, with SN13T, such that the bioactivity of the extract was potentiated after fermentation to suppress the release of inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), as well as downregulate inflammatory genes in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. This increased antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity was mediated through bioconversion of the iridoid glycoside geniposide to its aglycone genipin via the supposed hydrolytic action of β-glucosidases harbored by SN13T. In the complete genome of SN13T, ten putative genes encoding β-glucosidases of glycosyl hydrolase (GH) family 1 organized among eight gene operons were identified. Transcriptional profiling revealed that two 6-phospho-β-glucosidase genes, pbg9 and SN13T_1925, located adjacently in the gene operon SN13T_1923, were transcribed significantly more than the remaining genes during fermentation of the gardenia extract. This suggests the role of these β-glucosidases in bioconversion of geniposide to genipin and the subsequent enhanced bioactivity of the gardenia fructus extract after fermentation with SN13T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrijana SHAKYA
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine,
Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi,
Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Narandalai DANSHIITSOODOL
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine,
Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi,
Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masafumi NODA
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine,
Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi,
Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masanori SUGIYAMA
- Department of Probiotic Science for Preventive Medicine,
Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi,
Minami-ku, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
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4
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Yang CL, Wang SB, He WP, Liu JJ. Anti-oxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Ethanol Extract from Polygala sibirica L. var megalopha Fr. on Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated RAW264.7 Cells. Chin J Integr Med 2023; 29:905-913. [PMID: 37434032 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-023-3602-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of ethanol extract of Polygala sibirica L. var megalopha Fr. (EEP) on RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. METHODS RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with 0-200 µg/mL EEP or vehicle for 2 h prior to exposure to 1 µg/mL lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 24 h. Nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin (PGE2) production were determined by Griess reagent and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), respectively. The mRNA levels of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), and IL-6 were determined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Western blot assay was used to determine the protein expressions of iNOS, COX-2, phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK1/2), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), inhibitory subunit of nuclear factor Kappa B alpha (Iκ B-α) and p38. Immunofluorescence was used to observe the nuclear expression of nuclear factor-κ B p65 (NF-κ B p65). Additionally, the anti-oxidant potential of EEP was evaluated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). The 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl (OH), superoxide anion (O2-) radical and nitrite scavenging activity were also measured. RESULTS The total polyphenol and flavonoid contents of EEP were 23.50±2.16 mg gallic acid equivalent/100 g and 43.78±3.81 mg rutin equivalent/100 g. With EEP treatment (100 and 150 µg/mL), there was a notable decrease in NO and PGE2 production induced by LPS in RAW264.7 cells by downregulation of iNOS and COX-2 mRNA and protein expressions (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Furthermore, with EEP treatment (150 µg/mL), there was a decrease in the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6, as well as in the phosphorylation of ERK, JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK, P<0.01 or P<0.05), by blocking the nuclear translocation of NF-κ B p65 in LPS-stimulated cells. In addition, EEP (100 and 150 µg/mL) led to an increase in the anti-oxidant enzymes activity of SOD and CAT, with a concomitant decrease in ROS production (P<0.01 or P<0.05). EEP also indicated the DPPH, OH, O2- radical and nitrite scavenging activity. CONCLUSION EEP inhibited inflammatory responses in activated macrophages through blocking MAPK/NF-κ B pathway and protected against oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Liu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China
| | - Shi-Bo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China
| | - Wen-Ping He
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China
| | - Jin-Juan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Medicinal Plants of Jiangsu Province, School of Life Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province, 221116, China.
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Della Greca M, Mendili M, Khadhri A, Ben Jemâa JM, Andolfi A, Tufano I, Aschi-smiti S. Anti‐Inflammatory Potential of Compounds Isolated from Tunisian Lichens Species. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202200134. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202200134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Della Greca
- University of Naples Federico II: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Chemical Sciences Complesso Univ. Mt. S. Angelovia Cintia, 4 80126 Napoli ITALY
| | - Mohamed Mendili
- University of Tunis El Manar: Universite de Tunis El Manar Sciences, Plant, Soil, Environment Interaction Laboratory Campus Academia Tunis TUNISIA
| | - Ayda Khadhri
- University of Tunis El Manar: Universite de Tunis El Manar Faculty of Sciences, Plant, Soil, Environment Interactions Laboratory Campus Academia Tunis TUNISIA
| | - Jouda Mediouni Ben Jemâa
- National Agricultural Research Institute Laboratory of Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture Rue Hedi Karray, El-Menzah Tunis TUNISIA
| | - Anna Andolfi
- University of Naples Federico II: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Chemical Sciences via Cinthia Naples ITALY
| | - Immacolata Tufano
- University of Naples Federico II: Universita degli Studi di Napoli Federico II Chemical Sciences via Cinthia Naples ITALY
| | - Samira Aschi-smiti
- University of Tunis El Manar: Universite de Tunis El Manar Sciences, Plant, Soil, Environment Interaction Laboratory Campus Academia Tunis TUNISIA
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Elangovan G, Mello-Neto JM, Tadakamadla SK, Reher P, Figueredo CMS. A systematic review on neutrophils interactions with titanium and zirconia surfaces: Evidence from in vitro studies. Clin Exp Dent Res 2022; 8:950-958. [PMID: 35535662 PMCID: PMC9382042 DOI: 10.1002/cre2.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This systematic review aimed to assess in vitro studies that evaluated neutrophil interactions with different roughness levels in titanium and zirconia implant surfaces. Material and Methods An electronic search for literature was conducted on PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science and a total of 14 studies were included. Neutrophil responses were assessed based on adhesion, cell number, surface coverage, cell structure, cytokine secretion, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, neutrophil activation, receptor expression, and neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) release. The method of assessing the risk of bias was done using the toxicological data reliability assessment tool (TOXRTOOL). Results Ten studies have identified a significant increase in neutrophil functions, such as surface coverage, cell adhesion, ROS production, and NETs released when interacting with rough titanium surfaces. Moreover, neutrophil interaction with rough–hydrophilic surfaces seems to produce less proinflammatory cytokines and ROS when compared to naive smooth and rough titanium surfaces. Regarding membrane receptor expression, two studies have reported that the FcγIII receptor (CD16) is responsible for initial neutrophil adhesion to hydrophilic titanium surfaces. Only one study compared neutrophil interaction with titanium alloy and zirconia toughened alumina surfaces and reported no significant differences in neutrophil cell count, activation, receptor expression, and death. Conclusions There are not enough studies to conclude neutrophil interactions with titanium and zirconia surfaces. However, different topographic modifications such as roughness and hydrophilicity might influence neutrophil interactions with titanium implant surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathiri Elangovan
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Joao M Mello-Neto
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Santosh K Tadakamadla
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Peter Reher
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carlos Marcelo S Figueredo
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.,Affiliated to research, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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Adnan M, Oh KK, Husen A, Wang MH, Alle M, Cho DH. Microwave-Assisted Synchronous Nanogold Synthesis Reinforced by Kenaf Seed and Decoding Their Biocompatibility and Anticancer Activity. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020111. [PMID: 35215224 PMCID: PMC8876769 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of green-nanotechnology and biology may contribute to anticancer therapy. In this regard, using gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as therapeutic molecules can be a promising strategy. Herein, we proposed a novel biocompatible nanogold constructed by simply microwave-heating (MWI) Au3+ ions and kenaf seed (KS) extract within a minute. The phytoconstituents of KS extract have been utilized for safe synthesis of gold nanoparticles (KS@GNPs). The biogenic KS@GNPs were characterized by UV-vis Spectra, TEM, HR-TEM, XRD, FTIR, DLS, EDX, and SEAD techniques. The legitimacy and toxicity concern of KS@GNPs were tested against RAW 264.7 and NIH3T3 cell lines. The anticancer efficacy was verified using LN-229 cells. The pathways of KS@GNPs synthesis were optimized by varying the KS concentration (λmax 528 nm), gold salt amount (λmax 524 nm), and MWI times (λmax 522 nm). TEM displayed spherical shape and narrow size distribution (5–19.5 nm) of KS@GNPs, whereas DLS recorded Z-average size of 121.7 d·nm with a zeta potential of −33.7 mV. XRD and SAED ring patterns confirmed the high crystallinity and crystalline face centered cubic structure of gold. FTIR explored OH functional group involved in Au3+ ions reduction followed by GNPs stabilization. KS@GNPs exposure to RAW 264.7 and NIH3T3 cell lines did not induce toxicity while dose-dependent overt cell toxicity and reduced cell viability (26.6%) was observed in LN-229 cells. Moreover, the IC50 (18.79 µg/mL) treatment to cancer cell triggered cellular damages, excessive ROS generation, and apoptosis. Overall, this research exploits a sustainable method of KS@GNPs synthesis and their anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Adnan
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.A.); (K.-K.O.)
| | - Ki-Kwang Oh
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.A.); (K.-K.O.)
| | - Azamal Husen
- School of Public Health, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo 138, Ethiopia;
| | - Myeong-Hyeon Wang
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.A.); (K.-K.O.)
- Correspondence: (M.-H.W.); (D.-H.C.)
| | - Madhusudhan Alle
- Department of Biomedical Science & Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea;
| | - Dong-Ha Cho
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, College of Biomedical Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea; (M.A.); (K.-K.O.)
- Correspondence: (M.-H.W.); (D.-H.C.)
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Alves J, Gaspar H, Silva J, Alves C, Martins A, Teodoro F, Susano P, Pinteus S, Pedrosa R. Unravelling the Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Potential of the Marine Sponge Cliona celata from the Portuguese Coastline. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:632. [PMID: 34822503 PMCID: PMC8625174 DOI: 10.3390/md19110632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a double-edged sword, as it can have both protective effects and harmful consequences, which, combined with oxidative stress (OS), can lead to the development of deathly chronic inflammatory conditions. Over the years, research has evidenced the potential of marine sponges as a source of effective anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents. Within this framework, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant and the anti-inflammatory potential of the marine sponge Cliona celata. For this purpose, their organic extracts (C1-C5) and fractions were evaluated concerning their radical scavenging activity through 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and anti-inflammatory activity through a (lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced inflammation on RAW 264.7 cells) model. Compounds present in the two most active fractions (F5 and F13) of C4 were tentatively identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Even though samples displayed low antioxidant activity, they presented a high anti-inflammatory capacity in the studied cellular inflammatory model when compared to the anti-inflammatory standard, dexamethasone. GC-MS analysis led to the identification of n-hexadecanoic acid, cis-9-hexadecenal, and 13-octadecenal in fraction F5, while two major compounds, octadecanoic acid and cholesterol, were identified in fraction F13. The developed studies demonstrated the high anti-inflammatory activity of the marine sponge C. celata extracts and fractions, highlighting its potential for further therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Alves
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (J.A.); (J.S.); (C.A.); (F.T.); (P.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Helena Gaspar
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (J.A.); (J.S.); (C.A.); (F.T.); (P.S.); (S.P.)
- BioISI—Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Lisbon, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Joana Silva
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (J.A.); (J.S.); (C.A.); (F.T.); (P.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Celso Alves
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (J.A.); (J.S.); (C.A.); (F.T.); (P.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Alice Martins
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Escola Superior de Turismo e Tecnologia do Mar, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-614 Peniche, Portugal;
| | - Fernando Teodoro
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (J.A.); (J.S.); (C.A.); (F.T.); (P.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Patrícia Susano
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (J.A.); (J.S.); (C.A.); (F.T.); (P.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Susete Pinteus
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-630 Peniche, Portugal; (J.A.); (J.S.); (C.A.); (F.T.); (P.S.); (S.P.)
| | - Rui Pedrosa
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Escola Superior de Turismo e Tecnologia do Mar, Politécnico de Leiria, 2520-614 Peniche, Portugal;
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Karthikeyan A, Kim HH, Preethi V, Moniruzzaman M, Lee KH, Kalaiselvi S, Kim GS, Min T. Assessment of Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Citrus unshiu Peel (CUP) Flavonoids on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2209. [PMID: 34686018 PMCID: PMC8538621 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Citrus unshiu is a popular medicinal herb in several Asian countries, in particular South Korea. C. unshiu peel (CUP) has several biologically active compounds, including flavonoids. Hence, this research aimed to label the flavonoids from CUP by HPLC-MS/MS analysis and examine their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential on LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. A total of four flavonoids (Rutin, naringin, hesperidin, and poncirin) were characterized, and their contents were quantified from CUP. It showed that the naringin is rich in CUP. Further, treatment with the flavonoids at concentrations of 2.5 and 5 μg/mL had no effect on the cell viability of RAW 264.7 macrophages. On the other hand, it decreased the production and expression of inflammatory mediators and pro-inflammatory cytokines such as NO, PGE2, TNF-α, IL-1β, iNOS, and COX2 in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. In addition, flavonoids treatment inhibited the NF-κB activation by downregulating the p-p65 and p-IκBα proteins expression. Furthermore, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production considerably decreased at the same concentrations while antioxidant enzyme activity increased in the LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Collectively, our results show that CUP flavonoids have the potential to decrease inflammation and oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adhimoolam Karthikeyan
- Subtropical Horticulture Research Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju City 63243, Korea;
| | - Hun Hwan Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.H.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Vetrivel Preethi
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.H.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Mohammad Moniruzzaman
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) and Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju City 63243, Korea;
| | - Ki Ho Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Eulji University, Daejeon 34824, Korea;
| | - Senthil Kalaiselvi
- Department of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641028, Tamil Nadu, India;
| | - Gon Sup Kim
- Research Institute of Life Science and College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Gazwa, Jinju 52828, Korea; (H.H.K.); (V.P.)
| | - Taesun Min
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Jeju International Animal Research Center (JIA) and Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (SARI), Jeju National University, Jeju City 63243, Korea;
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Maina S, Ryu DH, Cho JY, Jung DS, Park JE, Nho CW, Bakari G, Misinzo G, Jung JH, Yang SH, Kim HY. Exposure to Salinity and Light Spectra Regulates Glucosinolates, Phenolics, and Antioxidant Capacity of Brassica carinata L. Microgreens. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1183. [PMID: 34439431 PMCID: PMC8389028 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of salt treatment on Brassica carinata (BC) microgreens grown under different light wavelengths on glucosinolates (GLs) and phenolic compounds were evaluated. Quantifiable GLs were identified using ultra-high performance-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. Extracts' ability to activate antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)) was evaluated on human colorectal carcinoma cells (HCT116). Furthermore, BC compounds' ability to activate expression of nuclear transcription factor-erythroid 2 related factor (Nrf2) and heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) proteins was examined using specific antibodies on HCT116 cells. Sinigrin (SIN) was the abundant GLs of the six compounds identified and its content together with total aliphatic GLs increased in saline conditions. Fluorescent (FL) and blue plus red (B1R1) lights were identified as stable cultivation conditions for microgreens, promoting biomass and glucobrassicin contents, whereas other identified individual and total indole GLs behaved differently in saline and non-saline environments. Blue light-emitting diodes and FL light in saline treatments mostly enhanced SIN, phenolics and antioxidant activities. The increased SOD and CAT activities render the BC microgreens suitable for lowering oxidative stress. Additionally, activation of Nrf2, and HO-1 protein expression by the GLs rich extracts, demonstrate their potential to treat and prevent oxidative stress and inflammatory disorders. Therefore, effective salt treatments and light exposure to BC microgreens present an opportunity for targeted regulation of growth and accumulation of bioactive metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvia Maina
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (S.M.); (D.H.R.); (J.Y.C.); (D.S.J.); (J.-E.P.); (C.W.N.); (J.H.J.)
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania; (G.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Da Hye Ryu
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (S.M.); (D.H.R.); (J.Y.C.); (D.S.J.); (J.-E.P.); (C.W.N.); (J.H.J.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Jwa Yeong Cho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (S.M.); (D.H.R.); (J.Y.C.); (D.S.J.); (J.-E.P.); (C.W.N.); (J.H.J.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Da Seul Jung
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (S.M.); (D.H.R.); (J.Y.C.); (D.S.J.); (J.-E.P.); (C.W.N.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Jai-Eok Park
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (S.M.); (D.H.R.); (J.Y.C.); (D.S.J.); (J.-E.P.); (C.W.N.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Chu Won Nho
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (S.M.); (D.H.R.); (J.Y.C.); (D.S.J.); (J.-E.P.); (C.W.N.); (J.H.J.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Korea
| | - Gaymary Bakari
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania; (G.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Gerald Misinzo
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro 25523, Tanzania; (G.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Je Hyeong Jung
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (S.M.); (D.H.R.); (J.Y.C.); (D.S.J.); (J.-E.P.); (C.W.N.); (J.H.J.)
| | - Seung-Hoon Yang
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Seoul 04620, Korea;
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Korea; (S.M.); (D.H.R.); (J.Y.C.); (D.S.J.); (J.-E.P.); (C.W.N.); (J.H.J.)
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11
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Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Substance Generated Newly in Paeoniae Radix Alba Extract Fermented with Plant-Derived Lactobacillus brevis 174A. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071071. [PMID: 34356304 PMCID: PMC8300999 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentation of medicinal herbs can be a significant technique to obtain bioactive compounds. Paeoniae Radix (PR) used in the present study is a well-known herbal medicine that exhibits anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory activity. The aim of this study is to explore the possibility that a bioactive compound is newly generated in PR extract by fermentation with a plant-derived lactic acid bacteria Lactobacillus brevis 174A. We determined the anti-inflammatory activities in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The PR extract fermented with Lactobacillus brevis 174A markedly increased the total phenolic content, decreased intracellular ROS levels, inhibited the release of nitric oxide (NO). It also suppressed inflammatory cytokines IL-6, TNF-ɑ, while simultaneously downregulating the gene expressions of iNOS, IL-6, TNF-ɑ, and IL-1β compared to the unfermented PR extract. Furthermore, the bioactive compound newly generated from the fermentation was identified as pyrogallol. It inhibits the inflammatory responses in a dose-dependent manner suggesting that fermentation of the herbal extract used as a medium together with the plant-derived lactic acid bacterial strain may be a practical strategy to produce medicines and supplements for healthcare.
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12
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Caruso G, Benatti C, Musso N, Fresta CG, Fidilio A, Spampinato G, Brunello N, Bucolo C, Drago F, Lunte SM, Peterson BR, Tascedda F, Caraci F. Carnosine Protects Macrophages against the Toxicity of Aβ1-42 Oligomers by Decreasing Oxidative Stress. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9050477. [PMID: 33926064 PMCID: PMC8146816 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9050477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is a naturally occurring endogenous peptide widely distributed in excitable tissues such as the brain. This dipeptide has well-known antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aggregation activities, and it may be useful for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In this disease, peripheral infiltrating macrophages play a substantial role in the clearance of amyloid beta (Aβ) peptides from the brain. Correspondingly, in patients suffering from AD, defects in the capacity of peripheral macrophages to engulf Aβ have been reported. The effects of carnosine on macrophages and oxidative stress associated with AD are consequently of substantial interest for drug discovery in this field. In the present work, a model of stress induced by Aβ1-42 oligomers was investigated using a combination of methods including trypan blue exclusion, microchip electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence, flow cytometry, fluorescence microscopy, and high-throughput quantitative real-time PCR. These assays were used to assess the ability of carnosine to protect macrophage cells, modulate oxidative stress, and profile the expression of genes related to inflammation and pro- and antioxidant systems. We found that pre-treatment of RAW 264.7 macrophages with carnosine counteracted cell death and apoptosis induced by Aβ1-42 oligomers by decreasing oxidative stress as measured by levels of intracellular nitric oxide (NO)/reactive oxygen species (ROS) and production of peroxynitrite. This protective activity of carnosine was not mediated by modulation of the canonical inflammatory pathway but instead can be explained by the well-known antioxidant and free-radical scavenging activities of carnosine, enhanced macrophage phagocytic activity, and the rescue of fractalkine receptor CX3CR1. These new findings obtained with macrophages challenged with Aβ1-42 oligomers, along with the well-known multimodal mechanism of action of carnosine in vitro and in vivo, substantiate the therapeutic potential of this dipeptide in the context of AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Caruso
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.F.); (F.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-7384265
| | - Cristina Benatti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (C.B.); (N.B.); (F.T.)
- Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Nicolò Musso
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (N.M.); (C.G.F.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (F.D.)
| | - Claudia G. Fresta
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (N.M.); (C.G.F.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (F.D.)
| | - Annamaria Fidilio
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.F.); (F.C.)
| | - Giorgia Spampinato
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (N.M.); (C.G.F.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (F.D.)
| | - Nicoletta Brunello
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (C.B.); (N.B.); (F.T.)
- Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Claudio Bucolo
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (N.M.); (C.G.F.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (F.D.)
- Center for Research in Ocular Pharmacology-CERFO, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Filippo Drago
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (N.M.); (C.G.F.); (G.S.); (C.B.); (F.D.)
| | - Susan M. Lunte
- Ralph N. Adams Institute for Bioanalytical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047-1620, USA;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047-1620, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047-1620, USA
| | - Blake R. Peterson
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA;
| | - Fabio Tascedda
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (C.B.); (N.B.); (F.T.)
- Centre of Neuroscience and Neurotechnology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Filippo Caraci
- Department of Drug and Health Sciences, University of Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy; (A.F.); (F.C.)
- Department of Laboratories, Oasi Research Institute—IRCCS, 94018 Troina, Italy
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13
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Antipseudomonal and Immunomodulatory Properties of Esc Peptides: Promising Features for Treatment of Chronic Infectious Diseases and Inflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020557. [PMID: 33429882 PMCID: PMC7826692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infections, such as those provoked by the Gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the lungs of cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, can induce inflammation with lung tissue damage and progressive alteration of respiratory function. Therefore, compounds having both antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities are certainly of great advantage in fighting infectious diseases and chronic inflammation. We recently demonstrated the potent antipseudomonal efficacy of the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) Esc(1-21) and its diastereomer Esc(1-21)-1c, namely Esc peptides. Here, we confirmed this antimicrobial activity by reporting on the peptides’ ability to kill P. aeruginosa once internalized into alveolar epithelial cells. Furthermore, by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blot analyses, we investigated the peptides’ ability to detoxify the bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by studying their effects on the secretion of the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-6 as well as on the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 from macrophages activated by P. aeruginosa LPS. In addition, by a modified scratch assay we showed that both AMPs are able to stimulate the closure of a gap produced in alveolar epithelial cells when cell migration is inhibited by concentrations of Pseudomonas LPS that mimic lung infection conditions, suggesting a peptide-induced airway wound repair. Overall, these results have highlighted the two Esc peptides as valuable candidates for the development of new multifunctional therapeutics for treatment of chronic infectious disease and inflammation, as found in CF patients.
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14
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Lee YM, Kim DS. The Extraction Solvent Influences the Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Jakyakgamcho-Tang in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages and Mice with Gouty Arthritis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249748. [PMID: 33371241 PMCID: PMC7766344 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Jakyakgamcho-Tang (JGT) is a traditional medicine used to treat muscular tension, spasm, and pain. Several studies have reported its clinical use as an anti-inflammatory and in gynaecological treatment. This study aimed to compare the anti-inflammatory effects of JGT according to extraction solvent, water (JGTW) and 30% EtOH (JGTE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)—stimulated macrophages and in mice with monosodium urate (MSU)—induced gouty arthritis. We evaluated the production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines and the expression of inducible nitric oxide (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in RAW 264.7 cells. We also examined oedema, pain, and inflammation in MSU-induced mice by measuring affected hind paw swelling, weight-bearing, pro-inflammatory cytokines levels, and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. In LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells, JGTW and JGTE significantly decreased prostaglandin (PG) E2(PGE2) production via suppressing COX-2 expression and cytokines interleukin-1β and interleukin-6. Only JGTE reduced the production of NO and cytokines and the mRNA levels of iNOS and cytokines. In MSU-induced mice, JGTE and JGTW efficiently decreased paw swelling and attenuated joint pain. JGTE (200 and 300 mg/kg) effectively suppressed inflammation by downregulating pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6) and MPO activity, which were only slightly reduced by JGTW. Our data demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activity of JGT in macrophage and gouty arthritis animal models and show that JGTE is more effective than JGTW at lower concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dong-Seon Kim
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-42-868-9639; Fax: +82-42-868-9578
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15
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Hwang SH, Kim JM, Kim S, Yoon MJ, Park KS. Chemical Transformation of Astaxanthin from Haematococcus pluvialis Improves Its Antioxidative and Anti-inflammatory Activities. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:19120-19130. [PMID: 32775914 PMCID: PMC7408224 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.0c02479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a strong antioxidant, but the effect of esterification on its biological activities remains unclear. Here, we chemically synthesized three forms of astaxanthin (nonesterified (Ast-N), monoesterified (Ast-mE), and diesterified (Ast-dE) forms) using esterified astaxanthin (Ast-E) in natural extract from Haematococcus pluvialis and characterized them by spectrophotometry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Additionally, the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the samples containing three forms of astaxanthin at different ratios were evaluated. The sample containing the maximum level of Ast-mE compared to those of Ast-N and Ast-dE showed the highest antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. We also observed the greatest increase in expression of genes related to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in samples containing the highest Ast-mE. These results provide a foundation for in-depth investigation of astaxanthin and other antioxidant molecules, allowing for the development of a practical and cost-effective strategy to improve antioxidant or anti-inflammatory activities of natural extracts that can be used as dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Hyun Hwang
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of
Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic
of Korea
| | - Ji Min Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of
Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic
of Korea
| | - Seokjoon Kim
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of
Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic
of Korea
| | - Min Jin Yoon
- Natural Bio Tree,
Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi 13449, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Soo Park
- Department of Biological Engineering, College of
Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic
of Korea
- ;
. Phone/Fax: +82-2-450-3742
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16
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Ai F, Zhao G, Lv W, Liu B, Lin J. Dexamethasone induces aberrant macrophage immune function and apoptosis. Oncol Rep 2019; 43:427-436. [PMID: 31894280 PMCID: PMC6967116 DOI: 10.3892/or.2019.7434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are known potent clinical drugs, however, their mode of action is still complex and debatable. Macrophages are the most important target of GCs and play a key role in tumor immunity in vivo, but their relationship is also controversial. In the present study, the lentivirus system was used to overexpress and knock down the level of transcription factor Krüppel-like factor 9 (KLF9). The results revealed that dexamethasone (Dex) induced ROS generation and mitochondria-dependent apoptosis in RAW 264.7 cells via the KLF9. In addition, overexpression of KLF9 significantly increased apoptosis of RAW 264.7 cells. Notably, ELISA assay revealed that increased expression of KLF9 inhibited LPS-induced COX-2 expression and reduced COX-2-derived prostaglandin E2 and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion. Furthermore, a co-culture system was used to reveal that overexpression of KLF9 in RAW 264.7 cells promoted HepG2 cell survival. In summary, it is reported that KLF9 promoted apoptosis of proinflammatory macrophages, and suppressed the antitumor effects, which can be selectively targeted by GCs as a novel mechanism to suppress antineoplastic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulu Ai
- Department of General Surgery (VIP ward), Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Zhao
- Department of General Surgery (VIP ward), Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Wu Lv
- Department of General Surgery (VIP ward), Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
| | - Jie Lin
- Department of General Surgery (VIP ward), Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, Liaoning Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shenyang, Liaoning 110042, P.R. China
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