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Yang H, Li Z, Zhu S, Wang W, Zhang J, Zhao D, Zhang M, Zhu W, Xu W, Xu C. Molecular mechanisms of pancreatic cancer liver metastasis: the role of PAK2. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1347683. [PMID: 38343537 PMCID: PMC10853442 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1347683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Pancreatic cancer remains an extremely malignant digestive tract tumor, posing a significant global public health burden. Patients with pancreatic cancer, once metastasis occurs, lose all hope of cure, and prognosis is extremely poor. It is important to investigate liver metastasis of Pancreatic cancer in depth, not just because it is the most common form of metastasis in pancreatic cancer, but also because it is crucial for treatment planning and prognosis assessment. This study aims to delve into the mechanisms of pancreatic cancer liver metastasis, with the goal of providing crucial scientific groundwork for the development of future treatment methods and drugs. Methods We explored the mechanisms of pancreatic cancer liver metastasis using single-cell sequencing data (GSE155698 and GSE154778) and bulk data (GSE71729, GSE19279, TCGA-PAAD). Initially, Seurat package was employed for single-cell data processing to obtain expression matrices for primary pancreatic cancer lesions and liver metastatic lesions. Subsequently, high-dimensional weighted gene co-expression network analysis (hdWGCNA) was used to identify genes associated with liver metastasis. Machine learning algorithms and COX regression models were employed to further screen genes related to patient prognosis. Informed by both biological understanding and the outcomes of algorithms, we meticulously identified the ultimate set of liver metastasis-related gene (LRG). In the study of LRG genes, various databases were utilized to validate their association with pancreatic cancer liver metastasis. In order to analyze the effects of these agents on tumor microenvironment, we conducted an in-depth analysis, including changes in signaling pathways (GSVA), cell differentiation (pseudo-temporal analysis), cell communication networks (cell communication analysis), and downstream transcription factors (transcription factor activity prediction). Additionally, drug sensitivity analysis and metabolic analysis were performed to reveal the effects of LRG on gemcitabine resistance and metabolic pathways. Finally, functional experiments were conducted by silencing the expression of LRG in PANC-1 and Bx-PC-3 cells to validate its influence to proliferation and invasiveness on PANC-1 and Bx-PC-3 cells. Results Through a series of algorithmic filters, we identified PAK2 as a key gene promoting pancreatic cancer liver metastasis. GSVA analysis elucidated the activation of the TGF-beta signaling pathway by PAK2 to promote the occurrence of liver metastasis. Pseudo-temporal analysis revealed a significant correlation between PAK2 expression and the lower differentiation status of pancreatic cancer cells. Cell communication analysis revealed that overexpression of PAK2 promotes communication between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment. Transcription factor activity prediction displayed the transcription factor network regulated by PAK2. Drug sensitivity analysis and metabolic analysis revealed the impact of PAK2 on gemcitabine resistance and metabolic pathways. CCK8 experiments showed that silencing PAK2 led to a decrease in the proliferative capacity of pancreatic cancer cells and scratch experiments demonstrated that low expression of PAK2 decreased invasion capability in pancreatic cancer cells. Flow cytometry reveals that PAK2 significantly inhibited apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cell lines. Molecules related to the TGF-beta pathway decreased with the inhibition of PAK2, and there were corresponding significant changes in molecules associated with EMT. Conclusion PAK2 facilitated the angiogenic potential of cancer cells and promotes the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process by activating the TGF-beta signaling pathway. Simultaneously, it decreased the differentiation level of cancer cells, consequently enhancing their malignancy. Additionally, PAK2 fostered communication between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment, augments cancer cell chemoresistance, and modulates energy metabolism pathways. In summary, PAK2 emerged as a pivotal gene orchestrating pancreatic cancer liver metastasis. Intervening in the expression of PAK2 may offer a promising therapeutic strategy for preventing liver metastasis of pancreatic cancer and improving its prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhongyi Li
- Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Shiqi Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxia Wang
- Department of General Medicine, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, The University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Vermillion, SD, United States
| | - Dongxu Zhao
- Department of Interventional Radiology, The Affiliated Changshu Hospital of Nantong University, Changshu No. 2 People‘s Hospital, Changshu, Jiangsu, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenxin Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kunshan Third People’s Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunfang Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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Begum R, Thota S, Abdulkadir A, Kaur G, Bagam P, Batra S. NADPH oxidase family proteins: signaling dynamics to disease management. Cell Mol Immunol 2022; 19:660-686. [PMID: 35585127 DOI: 10.1038/s41423-022-00858-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are pervasive signaling molecules in biological systems. In humans, a lack of ROS causes chronic and extreme bacterial infections, while uncontrolled release of these factors causes pathologies due to excessive inflammation. Professional phagocytes such as neutrophils (PMNs), eosinophils, monocytes, and macrophages use superoxide-generating NADPH oxidase (NOX) as part of their arsenal of antimicrobial mechanisms to produce high levels of ROS. NOX is a multisubunit enzyme complex composed of five essential subunits, two of which are localized in the membrane, while three are localized in the cytosol. In resting phagocytes, the oxidase complex is unassembled and inactive; however, it becomes activated after cytosolic components translocate to the membrane and are assembled into a functional oxidase. The NOX isoforms play a variety of roles in cellular differentiation, development, proliferation, apoptosis, cytoskeletal control, migration, and contraction. Recent studies have identified NOX as a major contributor to disease pathologies, resulting in a shift in focus on inhibiting the formation of potentially harmful free radicals. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms and the transduction pathways involved in NOX-mediated signaling is essential for the development of new therapeutic agents that minimize the hyperproduction of ROS. The current review provides a thorough overview of the various NOX enzymes and their roles in disease pathophysiology, highlights pharmacological strategies, and discusses the importance of computational modeling for future NOX-related studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana Begum
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Shilpa Thota
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Abubakar Abdulkadir
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA
| | - Gagandeep Kaur
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA.,Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, 14642, USA
| | - Prathyusha Bagam
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA.,Division of Systems Biology, National Center for Toxicological Research, Jefferson, AR, 72079, USA
| | - Sanjay Batra
- Laboratory of Pulmonary Immunotoxicology, Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA, 70813, USA.
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Wang W, Tang W, Shan E, Zhang L, Chen S, Yu C, Gao Y. MiR-130a-5p contributed to the progression of endothelial cell injury by regulating FAS. Eur J Histochem 2022; 66. [PMID: 35638591 PMCID: PMC9201574 DOI: 10.4081/ejh.2022.3342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play critical roles in the development of vascular diseases. However, the effects of miR-130a-5p and its functional targets on atherosclerosis (AS) are still largely unknown. In this regard, our aim is to explore the potentially important role of miR-130a-5p and its target gene during the progression of endothelial cell injury. We first found oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) induced FAS and cell apoptosis in HUVECs. Subsequently, miR-130a-5p expression was verified to be downregulated after ox-LDL treatment and negatively correlated with FAS, and FAS was identified as substantially upregulated in the ox-LDL-treated HUVEC cells. After that, the knockdown of FAS and overexpression of miR-130a-5p together were observed to aggregate ox-LDL-induced reduction of cell viability and apoptosis, cell cycle progression, cell proliferation, cell migration and invasion. In conclusion, we detected that miR-130a-5p contributed to the progression of endothelial cell injury by regulating of FAS, which may provide a new and promising therapeutic target for AS.
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Role of pirfenidone in TGF-β pathways and other inflammatory pathways in acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2) infection: a theoretical perspective. Pharmacol Rep 2021; 73:712-727. [PMID: 33880743 PMCID: PMC8057922 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-021-00255-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes pulmonary injury or multiple-organ injury by various pathological pathways. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a key factor that is released during SARS-CoV-2 infection. TGF-β, by internalization of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), suppresses the anti-oxidant system, downregulates the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), and activates the plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and nuclear factor-kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-kB). These changes cause inflammation and lung injury along with coagulopathy. Moreover, reactive oxygen species play a significant role in lung injury, which levels up during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Drug Suggestion Pirfenidone is an anti-fibrotic drug with an anti-oxidant activity that can prevent lung injury during SARS-CoV-2 infection by blocking the maturation process of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and enhancing the protective role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). Pirfenidone is a safe drug for patients with hypertension or diabetes and its side effect tolerated well. Conclusion The drug as a theoretical perspective may be an effective and safe choice for suppressing the inflammatory response during COVID-19. The recommendation would be a combination of pirfenidone and N-acetylcysteine to achieve maximum benefit during SARS-CoV-2 treatment.
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RNA and Oxidative Stress in Alzheimer's Disease: Focus on microRNAs. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:2638130. [PMID: 33312335 PMCID: PMC7721489 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2638130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) is one of the major pathomechanisms of Alzheimer's disease (AD), which is closely associated with other key events in neurodegeneration such as mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, metal dysregulation, and protein misfolding. Oxidized RNAs are identified in brains of AD patients at the prodromal stage. Indeed, oxidized mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA lead to retarded or aberrant protein synthesis. OS interferes with not only these translational machineries but also regulatory mechanisms of noncoding RNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs). MiRNAs can be oxidized, which causes misrecognizing target mRNAs. Moreover, OS affects the expression of multiple miRNAs, and conversely, miRNAs regulate many genes involved in the OS response. Intriguingly, several miRNAs embedded in upstream regulators or downstream targets of OS are involved also in neurodegenerative pathways in AD. Specifically, seven upregulated miRNAs (miR-125b, miR-146a, miR-200c, miR-26b, miR-30e, miR-34a, miR-34c) and three downregulated miRNAs (miR-107, miR-210, miR-485), all of which are associated with OS, are found in vulnerable brain regions of AD at the prodromal stage. Growing evidence suggests that altered miRNAs may serve as targets for developing diagnostic or therapeutic tools for early-stage AD. Focusing on a neuroprotective transcriptional repressor, REST, and the concept of hormesis that are relevant to the OS response may provide clues to help us understand the role of the miRNA system in cellular and organismal adaptive mechanisms to OS.
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Włodarski A, Strycharz J, Wróblewski A, Kasznicki J, Drzewoski J, Śliwińska A. The Role of microRNAs in Metabolic Syndrome-Related Oxidative Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186902. [PMID: 32962281 PMCID: PMC7555602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OxS) is the cause and the consequence of metabolic syndrome (MetS), the incidence and economic burden of which is increasing each year. OxS triggers the dysregulation of signaling pathways associated with metabolism and epigenetics, including microRNAs, which are biomarkers of metabolic disorders. In this review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding the interplay between microRNAs and OxS in MetS and its components. We searched PubMed and Google Scholar to summarize the most relevant studies. Collected data suggested that different sources of OxS (e.g., hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR), hyperlipidemia, obesity, proinflammatory cytokines) change the expression of numerous microRNAs in organs involved in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism and endothelium. Dysregulated microRNAs either directly or indirectly affect the expression and/or activity of molecules of antioxidative signaling pathways (SIRT1, FOXOs, Keap1/Nrf2) along with effector enzymes (e.g., GPx-1, SOD1/2, HO-1), ROS producers (e.g., NOX4/5), as well as genes of numerous signaling pathways connected with inflammation, insulin sensitivity, and lipid metabolism, thus promoting the progression of metabolic imbalance. MicroRNAs appear to be important epigenetic modifiers in managing the delicate redox balance, mediating either pro- or antioxidant biological impacts. Summarizing, microRNAs may be promising therapeutic targets in ameliorating the repercussions of OxS in MetS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Włodarski
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (J.S.); (A.Ś.)
| | - Justyna Strycharz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (J.S.); (A.Ś.)
| | - Adam Wróblewski
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-215 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Jacek Kasznicki
- Department of Internal Diseases, Diabetology and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Józef Drzewoski
- Central Teaching Hospital of the Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Śliwińska
- Department of Nucleic Acid Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, 92-213 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.W.); (J.S.); (A.Ś.)
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Liu D, Song J, Ji X, Liu Z, Li T, Hu B. PRDM16 Upregulation Induced by MicroRNA-448 Inhibition Alleviates Atherosclerosis via the TGF-β Signaling Pathway Inactivation. Front Physiol 2020; 11:846. [PMID: 32848826 PMCID: PMC7431868 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The dysregulated expression of microRNAs (miRs) has been associated with pathological and physiological processes of atherosclerosis (AS). In addition, PR domain-containing 16 (PRDM16), a transcriptional mediator of brown fat cell identity and smooth muscle cell activities, may be involved in the hypercholesterolemia during development of AS. The bioinformatic analysis identified a regulatory miR-448 of PRDM16. Hence, the current study aimed to explore whether miR-448 influenced the activities of aortic smooth muscle cell (ASMCs) in AS. We validated that miR-448 was highly expressed in peripheral blood of patients with AS and aortic smooth muscle of AS model mice. Whereas, PRDM16 was downregulated in the aortic smooth muscle of AS model mice. PRDM16 overexpression was observed to inhibit oxidative stress injury and cell proliferation, and promote apoptosis of ASMCs. Mechanistic studies revealed that miR-448 targeted PRDM16 and negatively regulated the PRDM16 expression, while PRDM16 blocked the TGF-β signaling pathway. Furthermore, Downregulated miR-448 alleviated oxidative stress injury, and attenuated ASMC cell proliferation, migration and enhanced cell apoptosis through upregulation of PRDM16. Taken together, silencing of miR-448 upregulates PRDM16 and inactivates the TGF-β signaling pathway, thereby impeding development of AS by repressing the proliferation, migration and invasion of ASMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Bo Hu
- Department of Emergency, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
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Skrzypek K, Majka M. Interplay among SNAIL Transcription Factor, MicroRNAs, Long Non-Coding RNAs, and Circular RNAs in the Regulation of Tumor Growth and Metastasis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010209. [PMID: 31947678 PMCID: PMC7017348 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SNAIL (SNAI1) is a zinc finger transcription factor that binds to E-box sequences and regulates the expression of genes. It usually acts as a gene repressor, but it may also activate the expression of genes. SNAIL plays a key role in the regulation of epithelial to mesenchymal transition, which is the main mechanism responsible for the progression and metastasis of epithelial tumors. Nevertheless, it also regulates different processes that are responsible for tumor growth, such as the activity of cancer stem cells, the control of cell metabolism, and the regulation of differentiation. Different proteins and microRNAs may regulate the SNAIL level, and SNAIL may be an important regulator of microRNA expression as well. The interplay among SNAIL, microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs is a key event in the regulation of tumor growth and metastasis. This review for the first time discusses different types of regulation between SNAIL and non-coding RNAs with a focus on feedback loops and the role of competitive RNA. Understanding these mechanisms may help develop novel therapeutic strategies against cancer based on microRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Skrzypek
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (M.M); Tel.: +48-12-659-15-93 (K.S. & M.M.)
| | - Marcin Majka
- Correspondence: (K.S.); (M.M); Tel.: +48-12-659-15-93 (K.S. & M.M.)
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Zhang Y, Liang Q, Zhang Y, Hong L, Lei D, Zhang L. Olmesartan alleviates bleomycin-mediated vascular smooth muscle cell senescence via the miR-665/SDC1 axis. Am J Transl Res 2020; 12:5205-5220. [PMID: 33042414 PMCID: PMC7540088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Abstract
Olmesartan (OMST) is a new angiotensin II receptor antagonist recently approved by the FDA to treat cardiovascular diseases. We investigated the molecular mechanisms by which OMST regulates vascular senescence. In the present study, bleomycin (BLM) was used to induce senescence in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs); after which, the cells were treated with OMST. The effects of OMST on BLM-mediated cell senescence were evaluated using cell adhesion, NAD+/NADH, and Annevin V/PI double staining assays, as well as by immunofluorescence staining of γH2AX, Edu flow cytometry, and evaluations of senescence-associated β-gal activity. Differentially expressed microRNAs (DEMs) were identified by miRNA microarray assays, and subsequently validated by quantitative real time PCR. Bisulfite sequencing PCR (BSP) was used to detect the methylation status of the miR-665 promoter. The target genes of miR-665 were predicted and confirmed using luciferase reporter assays. We found that miR-665 was upregulated in VSMCs in response to BLM-induced cellular senescence. BSP studies revealed that CpG sites in the promoter region of the miR-665 gene underwent extensive demethylation during BLM-induced cellular senescence, and there was a concomitant up-regulation of miR-665 expression. SDC1 mRNA was identified as a direct target of miR-665. Either miR-665 overexpression or SDC1 knockdown significantly reversed the effects of OMST on BLM-induced VSMC senescence. Moreover, SDC1 overexpression partially reversed the changes that occurred in cells with BLM-induced senescence caused by miR-665 overexpression. Our findings suggest that the miR-665/SDC1 axis functions as a vital modulator of VSMC senescence, and may represent a novel biological target for treating atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Qingyang Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030, China
| | - Lei Hong
- Department of Cardiology, Long Gang Central Hospital of Shenzhen Shenzhen 518116, Guangdong, China
| | - Da Lei
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University Guangzhou 510080, Guangdong, China
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Fu W, Liu Z, Zhang J, Shi Y, Zhao R, Zhao H. Effect of microRNA-144-5p on the proliferation, invasion and migration of human umbilical vein endothelial cells by targeting SMAD1. Exp Ther Med 2019; 19:165-171. [PMID: 31853287 PMCID: PMC6909792 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.8194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a multifactorial chronic disease that is a major cause of death and injury worldwide. Apoptosis of endothelial cells (ECs) serves an important role in the occurrence and development of atherosclerosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) serve a key role in atherosclerosis though regulating the function of ECs. At present, the role of miRNA-144-5p (miR-144-5p) in atherosclerosis is unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of miR-144-5p on atherosclerosis in oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-stimulated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Results from the present study demonstrated that miR-144-5p overexpression could inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in HUVECs. To further study the biological function of miR-144-5p, the effects of modulating miR-144-5p expression on the invasion and migration of HUVECs were also examined. The results demonstrated that miR-144-5p upregulation suppressed HUVEC migration and invasion. TargetScan and dual luciferase reporter assay results demonstrated that SMAD1 was a direct target gene of miR-144-5p. miR-144-5p upregulation inhibited the expression of phosphorylated-SMAD1/5/8 in the SMAD pathway. In conclusion, the data indicated that miR-144-5p serves an important role in the development of atherosclerosis through regulating the function of HUVECs by targeting SMAD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Zidong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Yuxue Shi
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Ruiyao Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
| | - Heng Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning 121000, P.R. China
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R. Babu K, Tay Y. The Yin-Yang Regulation of Reactive Oxygen Species and MicroRNAs in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20215335. [PMID: 31717786 PMCID: PMC6862169 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20215335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive oxygen-containing chemical species formed as a by-product of normal aerobic respiration and also from a number of other cellular enzymatic reactions. ROS function as key mediators of cellular signaling pathways involved in proliferation, survival, apoptosis, and immune response. However, elevated and sustained ROS production promotes tumor initiation by inducing DNA damage or mutation and activates oncogenic signaling pathways to promote cancer progression. Recent studies have shown that ROS can facilitate carcinogenesis by controlling microRNA (miRNA) expression through regulating miRNA biogenesis, transcription, and epigenetic modifications. Likewise, miRNAs have been shown to control cellular ROS homeostasis by regulating the expression of proteins involved in ROS production and elimination. In this review, we summarized the significance of ROS in cancer initiation, progression, and the regulatory crosstalk between ROS and miRNAs in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamesh R. Babu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
| | - Yvonne Tay
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-6516-7756
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MicroRNA Networks Modulate Oxidative Stress in Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20184497. [PMID: 31514389 PMCID: PMC6769781 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Imbalanced regulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant factors in cells is known as "oxidative stress (OS)". OS regulates key cellular physiological responses through signal transduction, transcription factors and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Increasing evidence indicates that continued OS can cause chronic inflammation, which in turn contributes to cardiovascular and neurological diseases and cancer development. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small ncRNAs that produce functional 18-25-nucleotide RNA molecules that play critical roles in the regulation of target gene expression by binding to complementary regions of the mRNA and regulating mRNA degradation or inhibiting translation. Furthermore, miRNAs function as either tumor suppressors or oncogenes in cancer. Dysregulated miRNAs reportedly modulate cancer hallmarks such as metastasis, angiogenesis, apoptosis and tumor growth. Notably, miRNAs are involved in ROS production or ROS-mediated function. Accordingly, investigating the interaction between ROS and miRNAs has become an important endeavor that is expected to aid in the development of effective treatment/prevention strategies for cancer. This review provides a summary of the essential properties and functional roles of known miRNAs associated with OS in cancers.
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