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Cao F, Li Y, Peng T, Li Y, Yang L, Hu L, Zhang H, Wang J. PTEN in kidney diseases: a potential therapeutic target in preventing AKI-to-CKD transition. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1428995. [PMID: 39165377 PMCID: PMC11333338 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1428995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Renal fibrosis, a critical factor in the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD), is predominantly initiated by acute kidney injury (AKI) and subsequent maladaptive repair resulting from pharmacological or pathological stimuli. Phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN), also known as phosphatase and tensin-associated phosphatase, plays a pivotal role in regulating the physiological behavior of renal tubular epithelial cells, glomeruli, and renal interstitial cells, thereby preserving the homeostasis of renal structure and function. It significantly impacts cell proliferation, apoptosis, fibrosis, and mitochondrial energy metabolism during AKI-to-CKD transition. Despite gradual elucidation of PTEN's involvement in various kidney injuries, its specific role in AKI and maladaptive repair after injury remains unclear. This review endeavors to delineate the multifaceted role of PTEN in renal pathology during AKI and CKD progression along with its underlying mechanisms, emphasizing its influence on oxidative stress, autophagy, non-coding RNA-mediated recruitment and activation of immune cells as well as renal fibrosis. Furthermore, we summarize prospective therapeutic targeting strategies for AKI and CKD-treatment related diseases through modulation of PTEN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Cao
- Division of Nephrology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Division of Science and Education, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Ting Peng
- Division of Nephrology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Yuanmei Li
- Division of Nephrology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Lihua Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
| | - Lanping Hu
- Hemodialysis Center, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Hemodialysis Center, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiali Wang
- Division of Nephrology, Mianyang Central Hospital, Mianyang, China
- NHC Key Laboratory of Nuclear Technology Medical Transformation (Mianyang Central Hospital), Mianyang, China
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LncRNA FPASL suppresses fibroblast proliferation through its DNA methylation via DNMT3b in hypertrophic scar. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2022; 54:1-9. [PMID: 36514215 PMCID: PMC10157635 DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2022181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly being implicated as key regulators of cell proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation. However, the molecular mechanisms of specific lncRNAs in the context of hypertrophic scar remain largely unclear. Here, we find that the lncRNA FPASL (fibroblast proliferation-associated LncRNA) is downregulated in HS, and FPASL reduces fibroblast proliferation and colony formation and blocks cell cycle progression. Using GO annotation enrichment analysis along with AZC (a specific inhibitor of DNA methylation), we identify that DNA methylation is responsible for downregulating FPASL in hypertrophic scar. Subsequent studies demonstrate that high expression of DNMT3b inhibits FPASL expression in HS. Mechanistic study reveals a significant increase in fibroblast proliferation after transfection with LNA-FPASL, which is further inhibited by knockdown of DNMT3b. Thus, our study reveals that DNMT3b mediates hypermethylation of the lncRNA FPASL promoter and the downregulation of lncRNA FPASL promotes fibroblast proliferation in hypertrophic scar.
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Chen XY, Yang LP, Zheng YL, Li YX, Zhong DL, Jin RJ, Li J. Electroacupuncture Attenuated Phenotype Transformation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells via PI3K/Akt and MAPK Signaling Pathways in Spontaneous Hypertensive Rats. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 28:357-365. [PMID: 34839455 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-021-2883-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the antihypertensive mechanism of electroacupuncture (EA) is associated with attenuating phenotype transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) via phosphoinositide3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. METHODS Eight Wistar-ktoyo (WKY) rats were set as normal blood pressure group (normal group). A total of 32 spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHRs) were randomly divided into 4 groups using random number tables: a model group, an EA group, an EA+PI3K antagonist group (EA+P group), and an EA+p38 MAPK agonist+extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) agonist group (EA+M group) (n=8/group). SHRs in EA group, EA+P group and EA+M group received EA treatment 5 sessions per week for continuous 4 weeks, while rats in the normal and model groups were bundled in same condition. The systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) of each rat was measured at 0 week and the 4th week. After 4-week intervention, thoracic aorta was collected for hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemistry [the contractile markers α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and calponin and the synthetic marker osteopontin (OPN)] and Western blot [α-SMA, calponin, OPN, PI3K, phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt), Akt, p-p42/44 ERK, total p42/44 ERK, p-p38 MAPK and total p38 MAPK]. RESULTS EA significantly reduced SBP, DBP and MAP (P<0.01). HE staining showed that the wall thickness of thoracic aorta in EA group was significantly decreased (P<0.01). From results of immunohistochemistry and Western blot, EA increased the expression of α-SMA and calponin, and decreased the expression of OPN (P<0.01). In addition, the expression of PI3K and p-Akt increased (P<0.01), while the expression of p-p42/44 ERK and p-p38 MAPK decreased in EA group (P<0.01). However, these effects were reversed by PI3K antagonist, p38 MAPK agonist and ERK agonist. CONCLUSIONS EA was an effective treatment for BP management. The antihypertensive effect of EA may be related with inhibition of phenotypic transformation of VSMCs, in which the activation of PI3K/Akt and the repression of MAPK pathway were involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Chen
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
- Food Science and Nutrition School, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Lu-Ping Yang
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Ya-Ling Zheng
- Department of Rehabilitation, the Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Yu-Xi Li
- School of Acupuncture-Moxibustion and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Dong-Ling Zhong
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Rong-Jiang Jin
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Juan Li
- School of Health Preservation and Rehabilitation, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
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Samarth A, Budamakuntla L, Shilpa K. The use of botulinum toxin-A as an adjunctive treatment for facial atrophic and hypertrophic scars after surgical correction. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2022; 15:131-134. [PMID: 35965916 PMCID: PMC9364451 DOI: 10.4103/jcas.jcas_8_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Fu Z, Huang H, Huang J. Efficacy and safety of botulinum toxin type A for postoperative scar prevention and wound healing improvement: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Cosmet Dermatol 2021; 21:176-190. [PMID: 34859567 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) has shown underlying effects for wound healing improvement. New small clinical trials keep emerging every year and updated evidence-based information is warranted. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of BTXA for preventing scarring. METHODS Four databases were searched to recruit randomized clinical trials (RCTs) which compared the surgical wounds treated with BTXA vs. those treated with placebo or blank control. The outcomes were primarily quantified by measures including the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scales (SBSES), modified SBSES (mSBSES), and scar width. Patients' satisfaction and adverse events were also reported. RESULTS In total, 16 RCTs involving 671 cases (510 patients) were included. The outcome showed significant superiority of BTXA in VSS (mean difference [MD] = -1.32, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -2.00 to -0.65, p = 0.0001), VAS (MD = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.05-1.52, p < 0.00001), SBSES or mSBSES (MD = -0.18, 95% CI: -0.27 to -0.10, p < 0.0001), scar width (MD = -0.18, 95% CI: -0.27 to -0.10, p < 0.0001), and patients' satisfaction (risk ratio [RR] = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.06-1.49, p = 0.01). No significant difference of adverse events incidence was observed (RR = 1.46 95% CI: 0.64-3.33, p = 0.36). CONCLUSIONS Botulinum toxin type A is effective and safe for postoperative scar prevention and wound healing improvement, especially for facial wounds of Asians. Further studies should manage to standardize the treatment algorithm, while mSBSES is recommended for scar assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyao Fu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hanzi Huang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiuzuo Huang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital (PUMCH), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Yang S, Luo YJ, Luo C. Network Meta-Analysis of Different Clinical Commonly Used Drugs for the Treatment of Hypertrophic Scar and Keloid. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:691628. [PMID: 34568361 PMCID: PMC8458741 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.691628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is no uniform treatment for pathological scars, including keloids and hypertrophic scars, in clinic currently. Previously, multiple randomized controlled trials have examined the clinical efficacy of different treatments. Nonetheless, the results are inconsistent, and many treatments have not been directly compared. This makes it difficult to conclude which approach is more favorable, in terms of efficacy and safety, for the treatment of pathological scarring. This study aimed at evaluating the efficacy of different injection and topical treatment strategies for hypertrophic scar and keloid. Methods: Relevant literature from PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CCRCT), and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform (WHO-ICTRP) were searched, from database inception through November 2020. Randomized clinical trials evaluating different treatment strategies of pathological scars, including triamcinolone acetonide (TAC), verapamil (VER), 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), botulinum toxin A (BTA), bleomycin (BLM), and silicone gels were included in the study. Results: The network meta-analysis included a total of 2,009 patients from 29 studies. A network meta-analysis of injection and topical treatment strategies showed that the efficacy of TAC combined with BTA was best in the treatment of pathological scars. Combination therapies of TAC with 5-FU and TAC with BTA significantly improved the clinical efficiency. However, there was no statistically significant difference between other treatment strategies. The order of efficacy predicted by the surface under the cumulative ranking (SUCRA) curve was as follows: TAC+BTA (82.2%) > TAC+5-FU (69.8%) > BTA (67.3%) > 5-FU+silicone (59.4%) > TAC+silicone (58.3%) > 5-FU (49.8%) > BLM (42.0%) > TAC (26.7%) > VER (26.2%) > silicone (18.3%). There was no publication bias revealed based on the funnel diagram. Conclusion: This study recommends intralesional injection of TAC-BTA and TAC-5-FU combined therapies. But for patients who cannot tolerate the side effects, the use of silicone gels in combination with TAC is recommended. However, these conclusions need to be further confirmed by more randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Yang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yujia J Luo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Department of Neurosurgeons, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cong Luo
- Department of Orthopaedics, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, China International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Child Development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Stem Cell Therapy, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Nien MS, Cheng WP, Feng J, Cui YY. The molecular mechanism of GADD153 in apoptosis of keloid fibroblasts exposed to botulinum toxin type A. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:9402-9410. [PMID: 34472704 PMCID: PMC8500951 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis plays a key role in keloids. Growth arrest and DNA damage‐inducible gene 153 (GADD153) is regulated by apoptosis. Botulinum toxin type A (BTXA) can induce apoptosis in keloid fibroblasts. This research aimed to explore the hypothesis that GADD153 mediates apoptosis in keloid fibroblasts exposed to BTXA. BTXA significantly induced GADD153 protein and mRNA expression in keloid fibroblasts. Treatment with c‐Jun N‐terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor SP600125, JNK small interfering RNA (siRNA) and tumour necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) antibodies reversed the BTXA‐induced GADD153 expression. BTXA enhanced the transcriptional activity of GADD153, whereas the GADD153 mutant plasmid, JNK siRNA and anti‐TNF‐α antibody treatment abolished the BTXA‐induced transcriptional activity of GADD153. The addition of TNF‐α to keloid fibroblasts markedly increased GADD153 protein expression. The addition of GADD153 siRNA, SP600125 and anti‐TNF‐α antibodies reversed cell death and caspase 3 and 9 activity induced by BTXA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Shiuan Nien
- Department of plastic surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen-Pin Cheng
- Translational Medicine Center, Shin Kong Wu Ho Su Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun Feng
- Department of plastic surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong-Yan Cui
- Department of plastic surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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He T, Yang J, Liu P, Xu L, Lü Q, Tan Q. [Research progress of adipose-derived stem cells in skin scar prevention and treatment]. ZHONGGUO XIU FU CHONG JIAN WAI KE ZA ZHI = ZHONGGUO XIUFU CHONGJIAN WAIKE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF REPARATIVE AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY 2021; 35:234-240. [PMID: 33624480 DOI: 10.7507/1002-1892.202007083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective To review the research progress of adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in skin scar prevention and treatment. Methods The related literature was extensively reviewed and analyzed. The recent in vitroand in vivo experiments and clinical studies on the role of ADSCs in skin scar prevention and treatment, and the possible mechanisms and biomaterials to optimize the effect of ADSCs were summarized. Results As demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo experiments and clinical studies, ADSCs participate in the whole process of skin wound healing and may prevent and treat skin scars by reducing inflammation, promoting angiogenesis, or inhibiting (muscle) fibroblasts activity to reduce collagen deposition through the p38/mitogen-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ, transforming growth factor β 1/Smads pathways. Moreover, bioengineered materials such as hydrogel from acellular porcine adipose tissue, porcine small-intestine submucosa, and poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) scaffold may further enhance the efficacy of ADSCs in preventing and treating skin scars. Conclusion Remarkable progress has been made in the application of ADSCs in skin scar prevention and treatment. While, further studies are still needed to explore the application methods of ADSCs in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao He
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China;Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Jiqiao Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Pengcheng Liu
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China;Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China;Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Qing Lü
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
| | - Qiuwen Tan
- Department of Breast Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China;Laboratory of Stem Cell and Tissue Engineering, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu Sichuan, 610041, P.R.China
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Maina IW, Friedman O. The Role of Botulinum Toxins in Wound Management and Scar Revision. CURRENT OTORHINOLARYNGOLOGY REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s40136-020-00310-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Li Q, Chen X, Chen L, Yan H, Li J. LINC00173 promotes the apoptosis of hypertrophic scar fibroblasts through increasing β-catenin expression. Mol Cell Biochem 2020; 476:1005-1014. [PMID: 33141309 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03966-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of long intergenic nonprotein coding RNA 173 (LINC00173) in several pathological disorders. However, the function of LINC00173 in the hypertrophic scar is not well understood. This study confirmed that the two transcript variants of TSV1 and TSV2 were both upregulated in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. The overexpression of TSV1 or TSV2 promoted the apoptosis of fibroblasts, whereas the overexpression of TSV2 inhibited the proliferation of fibroblasts. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt and Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling might be involved in the role of LINC00173 in hypertrophic scar pathogenesis. Furthermore, the protein expression of β-catenin was upregulated in the TSV1 or TSV2 overexpression group. Overall, the study demonstrated that LINC00173 promoted the apoptosis of fibroblasts through increasing β-catenin expression, suggesting that LINC00173 might be a new target for hypertrophic scar treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), 123rd Tianfei Street, Mochou Road, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Caridology, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), 123rd Tianfei Street, Mochou Road, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Hui Yan
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), 123rd Tianfei Street, Mochou Road, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Plastic & Cosmetic Surgery, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University (Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital), 123rd Tianfei Street, Mochou Road, Nanjing, 210004, China.
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