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Chen T, Chang C, Hou B, Qiu L, Sun H, Zhu X. Research progress in the role of gut microbiota in acute kidney injury. ZHONG NAN DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF CENTRAL SOUTH UNIVERSITY. MEDICAL SCIENCES 2024; 49:385-391. [PMID: 38970512 PMCID: PMC11208396 DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2024.230526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) remains a global public health problem with high incidence, high mortality rates, expensive medical costs, and limited treatment options. AKI can further progress to chronic kidney disease (CKD) and eventually end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Previous studies have shown that trauma, adverse drug reactions, surgery, and other factors are closely associated with AKI. With further in-depth exploration, the role of gut microbiota in AKI is gradually revealed. After AKI occurs, there are changes in the composition of gut microbiota, leading to disruption of the intestinal barrier, intestinal immune response, and bacterial translocation. Meanwhile, metabolites of gut microbiota can exacerbate the progression of AKI. Therefore, elucidating the specific mechanisms by which gut microbiota is involved in the occurrence and development of AKI can provide new insights from the perspective of intestinal microbiota for the prevention and treatment of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiao Chen
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Chang Chang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Bao Hou
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Liying Qiu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Haijian Sun
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xuexue Zhu
- Department of Basic Medicine, Wuxi Medical College, Jiangnan University, Wuxi Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Wen X, Dong H, Zou W. The role of gut microorganisms and metabolites in intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke: a comprehensive review. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1346184. [PMID: 38449739 PMCID: PMC10915040 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1346184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral hemorrhagic stroke, characterized by acute hemorrhage in the brain, has a significant clinical prevalence and poses a substantial threat to individuals' well-being and productivity. Recent research has elucidated the role of gut microorganisms and their metabolites in influencing brain function through the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA). This article provides a comprehensive review of the current literature on the common metabolites, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), produced by gut microbiota. These metabolites have demonstrated the potential to traverse the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and directly impact brain tissue. Additionally, these compounds have the potential to modulate the parasympathetic nervous system, thereby facilitating the release of pertinent substances, impeding the buildup of inflammatory agents within the brain, and manifesting anti-inflammatory properties. Furthermore, this scholarly analysis delves into the existing dearth of investigations concerning the influence of gut microorganisms and their metabolites on cerebral functions, while also highlighting prospective avenues for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wen
- The First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Hao Dong
- The First Clinical Medical College, Heilongjiang University Of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Wei Zou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
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Yuan W, Kou S, Ma Y, Qian Y, Li X, Chai Y, Jiang Z, Zhang L, Sun L, Huang X. Hyperoside ameliorates cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by regulating the expression and function of Oat1. Xenobiotica 2023; 53:559-571. [PMID: 37885225 DOI: 10.1080/00498254.2023.2270046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used chemotherapeutic agent to treat solid tumours in clinics. However, cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) limits its clinical application. This study investigated the effect of hyperoside (a flavonol glycoside compound) on regulating AKI.The model of cisplatin-induced AKI was established, and hyperoside was preadministered to investigate its effect on improving kidney injury.Hyperoside ameliorated renal pathological damage, reduced the accumulation of SCr, BUN, Kim-1 and indoxyl sulphate in vivo, increased the excretion of indoxyl sulphate into the urine, and upregulated the expression of renal organic anion transporter 1 (Oat1). Moreover, evaluation of rat kidney slices demonstrated that hyperoside promoted the uptake of PAH (p-aminohippurate, the Oat1 substrate), which was confirmed by transient over-expression of OAT1 in HEK-293T cells. Additionally, hyperoside upregulated the mRNA expression of Oat1 upstream regulators hepatocyte nuclear factor-1α (HNF-1α) and pregnane X receptor (PXR).These findings indicated hyperoside could protect against cisplatin-induced AKI by promoting indoxyl sulphate excretion through regulating the expression and function of Oat1, suggesting hyperoside may offer a potential tactic for cisplatin-induced AKI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Shanshan Kou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Ying Ma
- Foreign Language Teaching Department, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yusi Qian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xinyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Chai
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Zhenzhou Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Luyong Zhang
- Center for Drug Research and Development, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lixin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Xin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, PR China
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Yang K, Du G, Liu J, Zhao S, Dong W. Gut microbiota and neonatal acute kidney injury biomarkers. Pediatr Nephrol 2023; 38:3529-3547. [PMID: 36997773 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-023-05931-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
One of the most frequent issues in newborns is acute kidney injury (AKI), which can lengthen their hospital stay or potentially raise their chance of dying. The gut-kidney axis establishes a bidirectional interplay between gut microbiota and kidney illness, particularly AKI, and demonstrates the importance of gut microbiota to host health. Since the ability to predict neonatal AKI using blood creatinine and urine output as evaluation parameters is somewhat constrained, a number of interesting biomarkers have been developed. There are few in-depth studies on the relationships between these neonatal AKI indicators and gut microbiota. In order to gain fresh insights into the gut-kidney axis of neonatal AKI, this review is based on the gut-kidney axis and describes relationships between gut microbiota and neonatal AKI biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Guoxia Du
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Jinjing Liu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Shuai Zhao
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Wenbin Dong
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Department of Perinatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
- Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Lefter NA, Gheorghe A, Habeanu M, Ciurescu G, Dumitru M, Untea AE, Vlaicu PA. Assessing the effects of microencapsulated Lactobacillus salivarius and cowpea seed supplementation on broiler chicken growth and health status. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1279819. [PMID: 37901100 PMCID: PMC10600449 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1279819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the nutritional quality of cowpea seeds (cv. Doljana - CSD) and the impact of partially replacing soybean meal with CSD, along with the supplementation of microencapsulated Lactobacillus salivarius (LS), on the growth performance, selected carcass traits, biochemical plasma profile, tibia bone quality, and microbial populations in the ceca and excreta of broiler chickens aged 1 to 35 days. A total of 432 mixed-sex Ross 308 broiler chickens, aged one day, were randomly allocated to four groups, with 108 birds in each group, further divided into 6 pens containing 18 birds each. The experimental design featured a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with two cowpea seed levels (CSD0 and CSD15%) and the presence or absence (Yes/No) of microencapsulated LS probiotic (0 and 1 g/kg feed). The experimental diets did not significantly influenced (p > 0.05) production performances. However, the production efficiency factor was notably higher in the CSD0 (336.8%) and CSD15 (332.2%) groups with LS compared to CSD0 (322.4%) and CSD15 (320.6%) groups without LS supplementation. Regarding carcass traits, the CSD15 group with LS supplementation exhibited higher dressing (70.69%) and liver (2.47%) percentages compared to the other groups. Plasma profile analysis revealed significant reductions (p < 0.05) in total cholesterol (from 115 mg/dL to 105 mg/dL) and triglycerides (from 54.80 mg/dL to 46.80 mg/dL) in the CSD15 group with LS supplementation compared to the CSD0 group, with or without LS supplementation. Moreover, the CSD15 group with LS had significantly higher total protein, albumin, and calcium levels and significantly lower (p < 0.05) uric acid levels compared to the CSD0 group, irrespective of LS supplementation. Tibia bone traits and minerals showed no significant effects. However, the pH exhibited a linear decrease from 6.90 in the CSD0 group without LS to 6.69 in the CSD15 group with LS supplementation. In terms of cecal microbial populations, Coliforms decreased from 7.14 CFU/g in the CSD15 group without LS to 5.48 CFU/g in the CSD15 group with LS. Significant alterations were also observed in Clostridium spp., E. coli, Enterococcus spp., and Staphylococcus spp. in the ceca and excreta of the CSD15 group with LS supplementation compared to the CSD0 group, with or without LS supplementation. Beneficial bacteria, specifically Lactobacillus spp., significantly increased in the cecal content of CSD0 (9.06 CFU/g) and CSD15 (9.01 CFU/g) groups with LS compared to CSD0 (8.41 CFU/g) and CSD15 (8.11 CFU/g) groups without LS. In summary, this study suggests that cowpea seeds can be used as a partial replacement for soybean meal in broiler chicken diets, and microencapsulated Lactobacillus salivarius can be employed as a probiotic supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Aurelia Lefter
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, National Research Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Anca Gheorghe
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, National Research Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
- Research Station for Sericulture Baneasa, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Mihaela Habeanu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, National Research Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
- Research Station for Sericulture Baneasa, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Georgeta Ciurescu
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, National Research Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Mihaela Dumitru
- Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Biotechnology, National Research Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Arabela Elena Untea
- Laboratory of Food and Feed Quality, National Research Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
| | - Petru Alexandru Vlaicu
- Laboratory of Food and Feed Quality, National Research Development Institute for Animal Biology and Nutrition, Balotesti, Romania
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Chávez-Íñiguez JS, Ibarra‑Estrada M, Gallardo-González AM, Cisneros-Hernández A, Granado RCD, Chávez-Alonso G, Hernández-Barajas EM, Romero-Muñoz AC, Ramos-Avellaneda F, Prieto-Magallanes ML, Plascencia-Cruz M, Tanaka-Gutiérrez JA, Pérez-Hernández C, Navarro-Blackaller G, Medina-González R, Alcantar-Vallin L, Renoirte-López K, García-García G. Probiotics in septic acute kidney injury, a double blind, randomized control trial. Ren Fail 2023; 45:2260003. [PMID: 37724527 PMCID: PMC10512773 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2023.2260003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION During acute kidney injury (AKI) due to sepsis, the intestinal microbiota changes to dysbiosis, which affects the kidney function recovery (KFR) and amplifies the injury. Therefore, the administration of probiotics could improve dysbiosis and thereby increase the probability of KFR. METHODS In this double-blind clinical trial, patients with AKI associated with sepsis were randomized (1:1) to receive probiotics or placebo for 7 consecutive days, with the objectives of evaluate the effect on KFR, mortality, kidney replacement therapy (KRT), urea, urine volume, serum electrolytes and adverse events at day 7. RESULTS From February 2019 to March 2022, a total of 92 patients were randomized, 48 to the Probiotic and 44 to Placebo group. When comparing with placebo, those in the Probiotics did not observe a higher KFR (HR 0.93, 0.52-1.68, p = 0.81), nor was there a benefit in mortality at 6 months (95% CI 0.32-1.04, p = 0.06). With probiotics, urea values decreased significantly, an event not observed with placebo (from 154 to 80 mg/dl, p = 0.04 and from 130 to 109 mg/dl, p = 0.09, respectively). Urinary volume, need for KRT, electrolyte abnormalities, and adverse events were similar between groups. (ClinicalTrial.gov NCT03877081) (registered 03/15/2019). CONCLUSION In AKI related to sepsis, probiotics for 7 consecutive days did not increase the probability of KFR, nor did other variables related to clinical improvement, although they were safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan S. Chávez-Íñiguez
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Miguel Ibarra‑Estrada
- Intensive Care Unit, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Martínez Gallardo-González
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Rolando Claure-Del Granado
- Division of Nephrology, Hospital Obrero #2 – C.N.S, Universidad Mayor de San Simon School of Medicine, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | - Gael Chávez-Alonso
- Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | - Alexia C. Romero-Muñoz
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Fidel Ramos-Avellaneda
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Manuel L. Prieto-Magallanes
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Marcela Plascencia-Cruz
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Ramón Medina-González
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Luz Alcantar-Vallin
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Karina Renoirte-López
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
- Health Sciences Center, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
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Yang Y, Ma C, Li S, Cai W, Dai W, Zhang X, Yin L, Donge Tang, Liu F, Dai Y. Urinary microbiota and serum metabolite analysis in patients with diabetic kidney disease. Heliyon 2023; 9:e17040. [PMID: 37521000 PMCID: PMC10382294 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is a common and potentially fatal consequence of diabetes. Chronic renal failure or end-stage renal disease may result over time. Numerous studies have demonstrated the function of the microbiota in health and disease. The use of advanced urine culture techniques revealed the presence of resident microbiota in the urinary tract, undermining the idea of urine sterility. Studies have demonstrated that the urine microbiota is related with urological illnesses; nevertheless, the fundamental mechanisms by which the urinary microbiota influences the incidence and progression of DKD remain unclear. The purpose of this research was to describe key characteristics of the patients with DKD urinary microbiota in order to facilitate the development of diagnostic and therapeutic for DKD. Methods We evaluated the structure and composition of the microbiota extracted from urine samples taken from DKD patients (n = 19) and matched healthy controls (n = 15) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Meanwhile, serum metabolite profiles were compared using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Associations between clinical characteristics, urine microbiota, and serum metabolites were also examined. Finally, the interaction between urine microbiota and serum metabolites was clarified based on differential metabolite abundance analysis. Results The findings indicated that the DKD had a distinct urinary microbiota from the healthy controls (HC). Taxonomic investigations indicated that the DKD microbiome had less alpha diversity than a control group. Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria phyla increased in the DKD, while Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes decreased significantly (P < 0.05). Acidobacteria was the most prevalent microbiota in the DKD, as determined by the Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) plot. Changes in the urinary microbiota of DKD also had an effect on the makeup of metabolites. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs) were shown to be specific. Then we discovered that arginine and proline metabolism was the primary mechanism involved in the regulation of diabetic kidney disease. Conclusions This study placed the urinary microbiota and serum metabolite of DKD patients into a functional framework and identified the most abundant microbiota in DKD (Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria). Arginine metabolites may have a major effect on DKD patients, which correlated with the progression of DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Chiyu Ma
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Shishi Li
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wanxia Cai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Weier Dai
- College of Natural Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, United States
| | - Xinzhou Zhang
- Depart of Nephrology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Lianghong Yin
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
| | - Fanna Liu
- Department of Nephrology and Blood Purification, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease Precision Medicine, Shenzhen Engineering Research Center of Autoimmune Disease, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518020, China
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Bai Y, Huang W, Jiang X, Xu W, Li Y, Wang Y, Huang S, Wu K, Hu L, Chen C. Metabolomic interplay between gut microbiome and plasma metabolome in cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2023; 37:e9504. [PMID: 36918294 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Cardiac surgery-associated acute kidney injury (CSA-AKI) is a prevalent complication of cardiac surgery, which may be associated with a great risk of developing chronic kidney disease and mortality. This study aimed to investigate the possible links between gut microbiota metabolism and CSA-AKI. METHODS A prospective cohort of patients who underwent cardiac surgery was continuously recruited, who were further divided into CSA-AKI group and Non-AKI group based on clinical outcomes. Their faecal and plasma samples were collected before surgery and were separately analysed by nontargeted and targeted metabolomics. The differential metabolites related to CSA-AKI were screened out using statistical methods, and altered metabolic pathways were determined by examining the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. RESULTS Nearly 1000 faecal metabolites were detected through high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) and bioinformatics at high and mid confidence levels, and 49 differential metabolites at high confidence level may perform essential biological functions and provide potential diagnostic indicators. Compared with the Non-AKI group, the patients in the CSA-AKI group displayed dramatic changes in gut microbiota metabolism, including amino acid metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, purine metabolism and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. Meanwhile, 188 plasma metabolites were identified and quantified by tandem MS, and 34 differential plasma metabolites were screened out between the two groups using univariate statistical analysis. These differential plasma metabolites were primarily enriched in the following metabolic pathways: sulphur metabolism, amino acid biosynthesis, tryptophan metabolism and ABC transporters. Furthermore, the content of indole metabolites in the faecal and plasma samples of the CSA-AKI group was higher than that of the Non-AKI group. CONCLUSIONS Patients with CSA-AKI may have dysbiosis of their intestinal microbiota and metabolic abnormalities in their gut system before cardiac surgery. Thus, some metabolites and related metabolic pathways may be potential biomarkers and new therapeutic targets for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Bai
- Center of Scientific Research, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Wendong Huang
- Center of Scientific Research, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Xinyi Jiang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wang Xu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yirong Wang
- Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sumei Huang
- Center of Scientific Research, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
- Biological Resource Center, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Kunyong Wu
- Center of Scientific Research, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
- Biological Resource Center, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Linhui Hu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Chunbo Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Shenzhen People's Hospital, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
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Liu Y, Guan X, Shao Y, Zhou J, Huang Y. The Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Strategy of Cardiorenal Syndrome Type 3. Rev Cardiovasc Med 2023; 24:52. [PMID: 39077418 PMCID: PMC11273121 DOI: 10.31083/j.rcm2402052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiorenal syndrome type 3 (CRS3) is defined as acute kidney injury (AKI)-induced acute cardiac dysfunction, characterized by high morbidity and mortality. CRS3 often occurs in elderly patients with AKI who need intensive care. Approximately 70% of AKI patients develop into CRS3. CRS3 may also progress towards chronic kidney disease (CKD) and chronic cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there is currently no effective treatment. Although the major intermediate factors that can mediate cardiac dysfunction remain elusive, recent studies have summarized the AKI biomarkers, identified direct mechanisms, including mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, oxidative stress, apoptosis and activation of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), inflammasome, as well as indirect mechanisms such as fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances, acidemia and uremic toxins, which are involved in the pathophysiological changes of CRS3. This study reviews the main pathological characteristics, underlying molecular mechanisms, and potential therapeutic strategies of CRS3. Mitochondrial dysfunction and inflammatory factors have been identified as the key initiators and abnormal links between the impaired heart and kidney, which contribute to the formation of a vicious circle, ultimately accelerating the progression of CRS3. Therefore, targeting mitochondrial dysfunction, antioxidants, Klotho, melatonin, gene therapy, stem cells, exosomes, nanodrugs, intestinal microbiota and Traditional Chinese Medicine may serve as promising therapeutic approaches against CRS3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400037 Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Guan
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400037 Chongqing, China
| | - Yuming Shao
- Medical Division, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, 400037 Chongqing, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Army Medical University, 400038 Chongqing, China
| | - Yinghui Huang
- Department of Nephrology, The Key Laboratory for the Prevention and Treatment of Chronic Kidney Disease of Chongqing, Chongqing Clinical Research Center of Kidney and Urology Diseases, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), 400037 Chongqing, China
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10
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Du P, Li G, Wu L, Huang M. Perspectives of ERCC1 in early-stage and advanced cervical cancer: From experiments to clinical applications. Front Immunol 2023; 13:1065379. [PMID: 36713431 PMCID: PMC9875293 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1065379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a public health problem of extensive clinical importance. Excision repair cross-complementation group 1 (ERCC1) was found to be a promising biomarker of cervical cancer over the years. At present, there is no relevant review article that summarizes such evidence. In this review, nineteen eligible studies were included for evaluation and data extraction. Based on the data from clinical and experimental studies, ERCC1 plays a key role in the progression of carcinoma of the uterine cervix and the therapeutic response of chemoradiotherapy. The majority of the included studies (13/19, 68%) suggested that ERCC1 played a pro-oncogenic role in both early-stage and advanced cervical cancer. High expression of ERCC1 was found to be associated with the poor survival rates of the patients. ERCC1 polymorphism analyses demonstrated that ERCC1 might be a useful tool for predicting the risk of cervical cancer and the treatment-related toxicities. Experimental studies indicated that the biological effects exerted by ERCC1 in cervical cancer might be mediated by its associated genes and affected signaling pathways (i.e., XPF, TUBB3, and. To move towards clinical applications by targeting ERCC1 in cervical cancer, more clinical, in-vitro, and in-vivo investigations are still warranted in the future.
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11
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Vaez H, Soraya H, Garjani A, Gholikhani T. Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4) and AMPK Relevance in Cardiovascular Disease. Adv Pharm Bull 2023; 13:36-47. [PMID: 36721803 PMCID: PMC9871286 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2023.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are essential receptors of the innate immune system, playing a significant role in cardiovascular diseases. TLR4, with the highest expression among TLRs in the heart, has been investigated extensively for its critical role in different myocardial inflammatory conditions. Studies suggest that inhibition of TLR4 signaling pathways reduces inflammatory responses and even prevents additional injuries to the already damaged myocardium. Recent research results have led to a hypothesis that there may be a relation between TLR4 expression and 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling in various inflammatory conditions, including cardiovascular diseases. AMPK, as a cellular energy sensor, has been reported to show anti-inflammatory effects in various models of inflammatory diseases. AMPK, in addition to its physiological acts in the heart, plays an essential role in myocardial ischemia and hypoxia by activating various energy production pathways. Herein we will discuss the role of TLR4 and AMPK in cardiovascular diseases and a possible relation between TLRs and AMPK as a novel therapeutic target. In our opinion, AMPK-related TLR modulators will find application in treating different immune-mediated inflammatory disorders, especially inflammatory cardiac diseases, and present an option that will be widely used in clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haleh Vaez
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Corresponding Author: Haleh Vaez, Tel:+984133344798, Fax:+984133344798,
| | - Hamid Soraya
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Alireza Garjani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Tooba Gholikhani
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Nanora Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Tabriz, Iran
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12
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Chen L, Yuan F, Chen S, Li X, Kong L, Zhang W. Potential Role of Host Microbiome in Areca Nut-Associated Carcinogenesis and Addiction. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27238171. [PMID: 36500264 PMCID: PMC9739811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Areca nut (AN) is widely consumed all over the world, bringing great harm to human health and economy. Individuals with AN chewing are at high risk of cardiovascular disease and impaired immune system and metabolic system. Despite a growing number of studies having reported on the adverse effects brought by AN chewing, the exact mechanism of it is limited and the need for additional exploration remains. In recent years, the interaction between microorganisms, especially intestinal microorganism and host, has been extensively studied. AN chewing might disrupt the oral and intestinal microbiota communities through direct connect with the microbes it contains, altering PH, oxygen of oral and intestinal microenvironment, and disturbing the immune homeostasis. These mechanisms provide insights into the interplay between areca nut and host microbiota. Emerging studies have proposed that bidirectional interaction between polyphenols and intestinal microbes might play a potential role in the divergence of polyphenol, extracted from AN, among individuals with or without AN-induced cancer development and progression. Although some AN chewers have been aware of the harmful effects brought by AN, they cannot abolish this habit because of the addiction of AN. Increasing studies have tried to revealed that gut microbiota might influence the onset/development of addictive behaviors. Altogether, this review summarizes the possible reasons for the disturbance of host microbiota caused by areca nut chewing and clarifies the complex interaction between human microbiome and major constituents and the addiction and carcinogenicity of AN, tempting to provide novel insights into the development and utilization of it, and to control the adverse consequences caused by AN chewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Fulai Yuan
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Sifang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Xiong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lingyu Kong
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
- Correspondence: (L.K.); (W.Z.)
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13
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Ren Z, Hong Y, Huo Y, Peng L, Lv H, Chen J, Wu Z, Wan C. Prospects of Probiotic Adjuvant Drugs in Clinical Treatment. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224723. [PMID: 36432410 PMCID: PMC9697729 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In modern society, where new diseases and viruses are constantly emerging, drugs are still the most important means of resistance. However, adverse effects and diminished efficacy remain the leading cause of treatment failure and a major determinant of impaired health-related quality of life for patients. Clinical studies have shown that the disturbance of the gut microbial structure plays a crucial role in the toxic and side effects of drugs. It is well known that probiotics have the ability to maintain the balance of intestinal microecology, which implies their potential as an adjunct to prevent and alleviate the adverse reactions of drugs and to make medicines play a better role. In addition, in the past decade, probiotics have been found to have excellent prevention and alleviation effects in drug toxicity side effects, such as liver injury. In this review, we summarize the development history of probiotics, discuss the impact on drug side effects of probiotics, and propose the underlying mechanisms. Probiotics will be a new star in the world of complementary medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyue Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yan Hong
- Jiangxi Institution for Drug Control, Nanchang 330024, China
| | - Yalan Huo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 W Stadium Ave., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Lingling Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Huihui Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jiahui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Zhihua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (C.W.); Tel.: +86-791-8833-4578 (Z.W. & CW.); Fax: +86-791-8833-3708 (Z.W. & CW.)
| | - Cuixiang Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Jiangxi-OAI Joint Research Institute, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
- Correspondence: (Z.W.); (C.W.); Tel.: +86-791-8833-4578 (Z.W. & CW.); Fax: +86-791-8833-3708 (Z.W. & CW.)
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14
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Li S, Ma C, Yang Y, Cai W, Dai W, Zhang X, Yin L, Tang D, Liu F, Dai Y. Microbiome and metabolome analysis to clarify the interaction between the urine microbiota and serum metabolites in Chinese patients with immunoglobulin A nephropathy. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2022; 10:1230. [PMID: 36544661 PMCID: PMC9761118 DOI: 10.21037/atm-22-5334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background The bacterial and metabolic networks in immunoglobin A nephropathy (IgAN), the most common type of primary chronic glomerulonephritis worldwide, have not been extensively studied. To help develop better methods for the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of IgAN, we characterized the alterations of the urinary microbiome and serum metabolome in patients with IgAN. Methods We analyzed serum and urine samples from Chinese patients with IgAN and healthy controls (HCs) using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Results Patients with IgAN had a higher relative abundance of Actinomyces and a lower relative abundance of Lactobacillus. The elements of metabolism have been affected, including free amino acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and oligopeptides. We also identified the 9 metabolites that might be the core metabolites, including guanidinoacetic acid, apo-[3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)], and diethanolamine, which linked the metabolic networks between the urinary tract (UT) and blood. Other core metabolites, such as homocitrulline, apo-[3-methylcrotonoyl-CoA:carbon-dioxide ligase (ADP-forming)], butyrylcarnitine, formiminoglutamic acid (FIGLU), diethanolamine, and prolylhydroxyproline, were positively correlated with urinary mili-total protein (MTP). Conversely, Lactobacillus was negatively correlated with MTP. Conclusions We verified the connection between the disruption of the microbiota and serum metabolites, along with the clinical parameters, in patients with IgAN, which may help provide a tool for IgAN interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishi Li
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China;,Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chiyu Ma
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanxia Cai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weier Dai
- College of Natural Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Xinzhou Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lianghong Yin
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Donge Tang
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Fanna Liu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Dai
- Clinical Medical Research Center, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Shah N, Rabb H. Intestinal Microbiota in Experimental Acute Kidney Injury. Nephron Clin Pract 2022; 147:25-30. [PMID: 36195072 PMCID: PMC9928605 DOI: 10.1159/000526265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated an important role played by gut microbiota in maintaining intestinal homeostasis and host immune system function. Gut microbiota have been studied in experimental acute kidney injury (AKI) using different mice and rat models exposed to either ischemia or cisplatin-mediated tubular injury. Differences in inflammatory markers and severity of AKI have been observed between germ-free mice, wild-type mice, and mice treated with antibiotics or specific bacteria. Interventions modifying the gut microbiota after experimental AKI have had either beneficial or harmful effects on kidney tubular injury and recovery. These findings provide strong evidence for a modulatory role of gut microbiota during AKI. Ischemic and cis-platin-induced AKI have distinct stool microbial signatures based on 16s sequencing. Future in-depth studies exploring the mechanisms of how the microbiota influence AKI and development of feasible therapeutic options have the potential to improve outcomes in clinical AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal Shah
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA,
| | - Hamid Rabb
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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16
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Chávez-Iñiguez JS, Villegas-Gutiérrez LY, Gallardo-González AM. Acute Kidney Injury and Intestinal Dysbiosis. FRONTIERS IN NEPHROLOGY 2022; 2:916151. [PMID: 37675014 PMCID: PMC10479571 DOI: 10.3389/fneph.2022.916151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Within the multiple communication pathways of the intestine-kidney axis, one of the most important pathways is the interaction between the commensals of the intestinal microbiome, through the production of short-chain fatty acids, and the segments of the nephron. These interactions maintain a perfect environmental balance. During AKI, there are negative repercussions in all organs, and the systemic interconnection is related in part to the intense inflammation and the uremic environment that this syndrome generates. For example, in the intestine, the microbiome is severely affected, with a decrease in benign bacteria that promote anti-inflammatory effects and an increase in negative, pro-inflammatory bacteria. This scenario of intestinal dysbiosis widens the inflammatory loop that favors worsening kidney function and the probability of dying. It is possible that the manipulation of the intestinal microbiome with probiotics, prebiotics and symbiotics is a reasonable therapeutic goal for AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Samuel Chávez-Iñiguez
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Mexico
- University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
| | | | - Alejandro Martínez Gallardo-González
- Nephrology Service, Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Fray Antonio Alcalde, Guadalajara, Mexico
- University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Mexico
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17
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Martin A, Woolbright BL, Umar S, Ingersoll MA, Taylor JA. Bladder cancer, inflammageing and microbiomes. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:495-509. [PMID: 35798831 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ageing is correlated with elevated bladder cancer incidence, morbidity and mortality. Advanced age is also associated with elevated markers of chronic inflammation and perturbations in gut and urinary tract microbiota. One reason for the increased incidence and mortality of bladder cancer in the elderly might be that age-associated changes in multiple microbiomes induce systemic metabolic changes that contribute to immune dysregulation with potentially tumorigenic effects. The gut and urinary microbiomes could be dysregulated in bladder cancer, although the effect of these changes is poorly understood. Each of these domains - the immune system, gut microbiome and urinary microbiome - might also influence the response of patients with bladder cancer to treatment. Improved understanding of age-related alterations to the immune system and gut and urinary microbiomes could provide possible insight into the risk of bladder cancer development and progression in the elderly. In patients with bladder cancer, improved understanding of microbiota might also provide potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Martin
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Shahid Umar
- Department of Surgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Molly A Ingersoll
- Université Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, Paris, France.,Mucosal Inflammation and Immunity group, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - John A Taylor
- Department of Urology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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18
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Lei J, Xie Y, Sheng J, Song J. Intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in acute kidney injury: novel insights into mechanisms and promising therapeutic strategies. Ren Fail 2022; 44:571-580. [PMID: 35350960 PMCID: PMC8967199 DOI: 10.1080/0886022x.2022.2056054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the clinical impact of intestinal microbiota–kidney interaction has been emerging. Experimental evidence highlighted a bidirectional evolutionary correlation between intestinal microbiota and kidney diseases. Nonetheless, acute kidney injury (AKI) is still a global public health concern associated with high morbidity, mortality, healthcare costs, and limited efficient therapy. Several studies on the intestinal microbiome have improved the knowledge and treatment of AKI. Therefore, the present review outlines the concept of the gut–kidney axis and data about intestinal microbiota dysbiosis in AKI to improve the understanding of the mechanisms of the intestinal microbiome on the modification of kidney function and response to kidney injury. We also introduced the future directions and research areas, emphasizing the intervention approaches and recent research advances of intestinal microbiota dysbiosis during AKI, thereby providing a new perspective for future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Lei
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifan Xie
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyi Sheng
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayu Song
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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19
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Chou YT, Kan WC, Shiao CC. Acute Kidney Injury and Gut Dysbiosis: A Narrative Review Focus on Pathophysiology and Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23073658. [PMID: 35409017 PMCID: PMC8999046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and gut dysbiosis affect each other bidirectionally. AKI induces microbiota alteration in the gastrointestinal (GI) system, while gut dysbiosis also aggravates AKI. The interplay between AKI and gut dysbiosis is not yet well clarified but worthy of further investigation. The current review focuses on the pathophysiology of this bidirectional interplay and AKI treatment in this base. Both macrophages and neutrophils of the innate immunity and the T helper type 17 cell from the adaptive immunity are the critical players of AKI-induced gut dysbiosis. Conversely, dysbiosis-induced overproduction of gut-derived uremic toxins and insufficient generation of short-chain fatty acids are the main factors deteriorating AKI. Many novel treatments are proposed to deter AKI progression by reforming the GI microbiome and breaking this vicious cycle. Data support the benefits of probiotic treatment in AKI patients, while the results of postbiotics are mainly limited to animals. Prebiotics and synbiotics are primarily discussed in chronic kidney disease patients rather than AKI patients. The effect of adsorbent treatment seems promising, but more studies are required before the treatment can be applied to patients. Immune therapy and some repurposed drugs such as allopurinol are prospects of future treatments and are worth more discussion and survey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Chou
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Chih Kan
- Department of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Chung Hwa University of Medical Technology, Tainan 71703, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-C.K.); (C.-C.S.)
| | - Chih-Chung Shiao
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Camillian Saint Mary’s Hospital Luodong, Yilan 265, Taiwan
- Saint Mary’s Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Yilan 26647, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-C.K.); (C.-C.S.)
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20
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Uremic Toxins and Protein-Bound Therapeutics in AKI and CKD: Up-to-Date Evidence. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 14:toxins14010008. [PMID: 35050985 PMCID: PMC8780792 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Uremic toxins are defined as harmful metabolites that accumulate in the human body of patients whose renal function declines, especially chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Growing evidence demonstrates the deteriorating effect of uremic toxins on CKD progression and CKD-related complications, and removing uremic toxins in CKD has become the conventional treatment in the clinic. However, studies rarely pay attention to uremic toxin clearance in the early stage of acute kidney injury (AKI) to prevent progression to CKD despite increasing reports demonstrating that uremic toxins are correlated with the severity of injury or mortality. This review highlights the current evidence of uremic toxin accumulation in AKI and the therapeutic value to prevent CKD progression specific to protein-bound uremic toxins (PBUTs).
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21
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Yang J, Ji GE, Park MS, Seong YJ, Go YS, Lee HY, Fang Y, Kim MG, Oh SW, Cho WY, Jo SK. Probiotics partially attenuate the severity of acute kidney injury through an immunomodulatory effect. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2021; 40:620-633. [PMID: 34922432 PMCID: PMC8685362 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.20.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A healthy microbiome helps maintain the gut barrier and mucosal immune tolerance. Previously, we demonstrated that acute kidney injury (AKI) provoked dysbiosis, gut inflammation, and increased permeability. Here, we investigated the renoprotective effects of the probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 and the underlying mechanisms thereof. Methods C57BL/6 mice were subjected to bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) or sham operation. In the probiotic-treated group, BGN4 was administered by gavage once daily, starting 2 weeks before injury. Results Administration of BGN4 significantly increased gut microbiome diversity and prevented expansion of the Enterobacteriaceae and Bacteroidetes that were the hallmarks of AKI-induced dysbiosis. Further, BGN4 administration also significantly reduced other IRI-induced changes in the colon microenvironment, including effects on permeability, apoptosis of colon epithelial cells, and neutrophil and proinflammatory macrophage infiltration. Mononuclear cells co-cultured with BGN4 expressed significantly increased proportions of CD103+/CD11c+ and CD4+ CD25+ Treg cells, suggesting a direct immunomodulatory effect. BGN4 induced Treg expansion in colon, mesenteric lymph nodes (MNL), and kidney. BGN4 also reduced CX3CR1intermediateLy6Chigh monocyte infiltration and interleukin (IL)-17A suppression in the small intestine, which may have attenuated AKI severity, kidney IL-6 messenger RNA expression, and AKI-induced liver injury. Conclusion Prior supplementation with BGN4 significantly attenuated the severity of IRI and secondary liver injury. This renoprotective effect was associated with increased Foxp3 and reduced IL-17A expression in the colon, MNL, and kidney, suggesting that BGN4-induced immunomodulation might contribute to its renoprotective effects. Probiotics may therefore be a promising strategy to reduce AKI severity and/or remote organ injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihyun Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Eog Ji
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Center, BIFIDO Co. Ltd., Hongcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Soo Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Research Center, BIFIDO Co. Ltd., Hongcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong-Je Seong
- Research Center, BIFIDO Co. Ltd., Hongcheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Sook Go
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Young Lee
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yina Fang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Gyu Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Se Won Oh
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Yong Cho
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyung Jo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Guerrero Sanchez M, Passot S, Campoy S, Olivares M, Fonseca F. Ligilactobacillus salivarius functionalities, applications, and manufacturing challenges. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 106:57-80. [PMID: 34889985 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11694-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Ligilactobacillus salivarius is a lactic acid bacteria that has been gaining attention as a promising probiotic. Numerous strains exhibit functional properties with health benefits such as antimicrobial activity, immunological effects, and the ability to modulate the intestinal microbiota. However, just a small number of them are manufactured at an industrial scale and included in commercial products. The under exploitation of L. salivarius strains that remain in the freezer of companies is due to their incapacity to overcome the environmental stresses induced by production and stabilization processes.The present study summarizes the functionalities and applications of L. salivarius reported to date. It aims also at providing a critical evaluation of the literature available on the manufacturing steps of L. salivarius concentrates, the bacterial quality after each step of the process, and the putative degradation and preservation mechanisms. Here, we highlight the principal issues and future research challenges for improving the production and long-term preservation at the industrial scale of this microorganism, and probably of other probiotics.Key points• L. salivarius beneficial properties and commercialized products.• Production conditions and viability of L. salivarius after stabilization processes.• Prospects for identifying preservation mechanisms to improve L. salivarius stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Passot
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France
| | - S Campoy
- R&D Department, Biosearch Life, 18004, Granada, Spain
| | - M Olivares
- R&D Department, Biosearch Life, 18004, Granada, Spain
| | - F Fonseca
- Université Paris-Saclay, INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR SayFood, 78850, Thiverval-Grignon, France.
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23
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Kim CH, Moon SJ. The role of the gut microbiota in acute kidney injury: a new therapeutic candidate? Kidney Res Clin Pract 2021; 40:505-507. [PMID: 34922426 PMCID: PMC8685367 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.21.241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chan Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Jin Moon
- Department of Internal Medicine, International St. Mary’s Hospital, Catholic Kwandong University, Incheon, Republic of Korea
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24
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Huang X, Li M, Hou S, Tian B. Role of the microbiome in systemic therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (Review). Int J Oncol 2021; 59:101. [PMID: 34738624 PMCID: PMC8577795 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2021.5281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A large body of evidence has revealed that the microbiome serves a role in all aspects of cancer, particularly cancer treatment. To date, studies investigating the relationship between the microbiome and systemic therapy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are lacking. PDAC is a high‑mortality malignancy (5‑year survival rate; <9% for all stages). Systemic therapy is one of the most important treatment choices for all patients; however, resistance or toxicity can affect its efficacy. Studies have supported the hypothesis that the microbiome is closely associated with the response to systemic therapy in PDAC, including the induction of drug resistance, or toxicity and therapy‑related changes in microbiota composition. The present review comprehensively summarized the role of the microbiome in systemic therapy for PDAC and the associated molecular mechanisms in an attempt to provide a novel direction for the improvement of treatment response and proposed potential directions for in‑depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shengzhong Hou
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Bole Tian
- Department of Pancreatic Surgery, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
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25
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Effect of Nutrition on Age-Related Metabolic Markers and the Gut Microbiota in Cats. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122430. [PMID: 34946032 PMCID: PMC8706506 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related changes in the gut microbiota and metabolites are associated with the increased risk of detrimental conditions also seen with age. This study evaluated whether a test food with potential anti-aging benefits results in favorable changes in plasma and fecal metabolites and the fecal microbiota in senior cats. Forty healthy domestic cats aged 8.3–13.5 years were fed a washout food for 30 days, then control or test food for 30 days. After another 30-day washout, cats were switched to the other study food for 30 days. Assessment of plasma and fecal metabolites showed lower levels of metabolites associated with detrimental processes (e.g., uremic toxins) and higher levels of metabolites associated with beneficial processes (e.g., tocopherols) after cats consumed the test food compared with the control food. A shift toward proteolysis with the control food is supported by higher levels of amino acid metabolites and lower levels of carbohydrate metabolites. Operational taxonomic units of greater abundance with the test food positively correlated with carbohydrate and nicotinic acid metabolites, and negatively correlated with uremic toxins, amino acid metabolism, secondary bile salts, and branched-chain fatty acids. Taken together, the test food appears to result in greater levels of metabolites and microbiota associated with a healthier state.
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26
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Ren Z, Okyere SK, Wen J, Xie L, Cui Y, Wang S, Wang J, Cao S, Shen L, Ma X, Yu S, Deng J, Hu Y. An Overview: The Toxicity of Ageratina adenophora on Animals and Its Possible Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11581. [PMID: 34769012 PMCID: PMC8584174 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Ageratina adenophora is one of the major invasive weeds that causes instability of the ecosystem. Research has reported that A. adenophora produces allelochemicals that inhibit the growth and development of food crops, and also contain some toxic compounds that cause toxicity to animals that consume it. Over the past decades, studies on the identification of major toxic compounds of A. adenophora and their toxic molecular mechanisms have been reported. In addition, weed control interventions, such as herbicides application, was employed to reduce the spread of A. adenophora. However, the development of therapeutic and prophylactic measures to treat the various A. adenophora-induced toxicities, such as hepatotoxicity, splenotoxicity and other related disorders, have not been established to date. The main toxic pathogenesis of A. adenophora is oxidative stress and inflammation. However, numerous studies have verified that some extracts and secondary metabolites isolated from A. adenophora possess anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation activities, which implies that these extracts can relieve toxicity and aid in the development of drug or feed supplements to treat poisoning-related disorders caused by A. adenophora. Furthermore, beneficial bacteria isolated from rumen microbes and A. adenophora can degrade major toxic compounds in A. adenophora so as to be developed into microbial feed additives to help ameliorate toxicity mediated by A. adenophora. This review presents an overview of the toxic mechanisms of A. adenophora, provides possible therapeutic strategies that are available to mitigate the toxicity of A. adenophora and introduces relevant information on identifying novel prophylactic and therapeutic measures against A. adenophora-induced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Yanchun Hu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Diseases and Environmental Hazards of Sichuan Province, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (Z.R.); (S.K.O.); (J.W.); (L.X.); (Y.C.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (S.C.); (L.S.); (X.M.); (S.Y.); (J.D.)
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27
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Administration of Lactobacillus reuteri Combined with Clostridium butyricum Attenuates Cisplatin-Induced Renal Damage by Gut Microbiota Reconstitution, Increasing Butyric Acid Production, and Suppressing Renal Inflammation. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13082792. [PMID: 34444952 PMCID: PMC8402234 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is associated with gut microbiota disturbance. The present study aimed to investigate whether supplementation of Lactobacillus reuteri and Clostridium butyricum (LCs) had a protective effect on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity through reconstruction of gut microbiota. Wistar rats were given different treatments: control, cisplatin (Cis), cisplatin + C. butyricum and L. reuteri (Cis+LCs), and C. butyricum and L. reuteri (LCs). We observed that cisplatin-treated rats supplemented with LCs exhibited significantly decreased renal inflammation (KIM-1, F4/80, and MPO), oxidative stress, fibrosis (collagen IV, fibronectin, and a-SMA), apoptosis, concentration of blood endotoxin and indoxyl sulfate, and increased fecal butyric acid production compared with those without supplementation. In addition, LCs improved the cisplatin-induced microbiome dysbiosis by maintaining a healthy gut microbiota structure and diversity; depleting Escherichia-Shigella and the Enterobacteriaceae family; and enriching probiotic Bifidobacterium, Ruminococcaceae, Ruminiclostridium_9, and Oscillibacter. Moreover, the LCs intervention alleviated the cisplatin-induced intestinal epithelial barrier impairment. This study indicated LCs probiotic serves as a mediator of the gut–kidney axis in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity to restore the intestinal microbiota composition, thereby suppressing uremic toxin production and enhancing butyrate production. Furthermore, the renoprotective effect of LCs is partially mediated by increasing the anti-inflammatory effects and maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier.
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28
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Lara-Prado JI, Pazos-Pérez F, Méndez-Landa CE, Grajales-García DP, Feria-Ramírez JA, Salazar-González JJ, Cruz-Romero M, Treviño-Becerra A. Acute Kidney Injury and Organ Dysfunction: What Is the Role of Uremic Toxins? Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13080551. [PMID: 34437422 PMCID: PMC8402563 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI), defined as an abrupt increase in serum creatinine, a reduced urinary output, or both, is experiencing considerable evolution in terms of our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms and its impact on other organs. Oxidative stress and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are main contributors to organ dysfunction in AKI, but they are not alone. The precise mechanisms behind multi-organ dysfunction are not yet fully accounted for. The building up of uremic toxins specific to AKI might be a plausible explanation for these disturbances. However, controversies have arisen around their effects in organs other than the kidney, because animal models usually depict AKI as a kidney-specific injury. Meanwhile, humans present AKI frequently in association with multi-organ failure (MOF). Until now, medium-molecular-weight molecules, such as inflammatory cytokines, have been proven to play a role in endothelial and epithelial injury, leading to increased permeability and capillary leakage, mainly in pulmonary and intestinal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Iván Lara-Prado
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital No. 27, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 06900, Mexico; (J.I.L.-P.); (D.P.G.-G.)
| | - Fabiola Pazos-Pérez
- Department of Nephrology, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Center “21st Century”, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +52-55-2699-1941
| | - Carlos Enrique Méndez-Landa
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital No. 48, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 02750, Mexico;
| | - Dulce Paola Grajales-García
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital No. 27, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 06900, Mexico; (J.I.L.-P.); (D.P.G.-G.)
| | - José Alfredo Feria-Ramírez
- Department of Nephrology, General Hospital No. 29, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 07910, Mexico;
| | - Juan José Salazar-González
- Department of Nephrology, Regional Hospital No. 1, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 03100, Mexico;
| | - Mario Cruz-Romero
- Department of Nephrology, Specialties Hospital, National Medical Center “21st Century”, Mexican Social Security Institute, Mexico City 06720, Mexico;
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29
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Kim MG, Yang J, Jo SK. Intestinal microbiota and kidney diseases. Kidney Res Clin Pract 2021; 40:335-343. [PMID: 34233442 PMCID: PMC8476297 DOI: 10.23876/j.krcp.21.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Large microbial communities reside in the gut as an endogenous organ and interact with the host physiology through symbiotic relationships, affecting health. Recent advances in high-throughput sequencing techniques have made it possible to better understand these complex microbial communities and their effects on hosts. Animal and clinical studies have provided considerable evidence to show that the microbiota plays an important role in chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury, nephrolithiasis, and kidney transplantation by altering the functions of the intestinal barrier, regulating local and systemic inflammation, controlling production of metabolic components, and affecting immune responses. Although the exact mechanism underlying the microbial shift and its impact on disease progression remains uncertain, the kidney-gut interaction clearly plays a significant role in onset and progression of kidney disease and, therefore, holds promise as a therapeutic target. Here, we review recent literature pertaining to the bidirectional relationship between microbes and humans in various kidney diseases and discuss the future direction of microbial research in nephrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Gyu Kim
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihyun Yang
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Kyung Jo
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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30
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Kobayashi T, Iwata Y, Nakade Y, Wada T. Significance of the Gut Microbiota in Acute Kidney Injury. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:369. [PMID: 34067285 PMCID: PMC8224769 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13060369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that the gut microbiota plays a crucial role in maintaining a healthy, as well as diseased condition. Various organs and systems, including the kidney, are affected by the gut microbiota. While the impacts of the gut microbiota have been reported mainly on chronic kidney disease, acute kidney injury (AKI) is also affected by the intestinal environment. In this review, we discussed the pathogenesis of AKI, highlighting the relation to the gut microbiota. Since there is no established treatment for AKI, new treatments for AKI are highly desired. Some kinds of gut bacteria and their metabolites reportedly have protective effects against AKI. Current studies provide new insights into the role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taku Kobayashi
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.N.); (T.W.)
| | - Yasunori Iwata
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.N.); (T.W.)
- Division of Infection Control, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yusuke Nakade
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.N.); (T.W.)
| | - Takashi Wada
- Department of Nephrology and Laboratory Medicine, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan; (T.K.); (Y.N.); (T.W.)
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31
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Favero C, Carriazo S, Cuarental L, Fernandez-Prado R, Gomá-Garcés E, Perez-Gomez MV, Ortiz A, Fernandez-Fernandez B, Sanchez-Niño MD. Phosphate, Microbiota and CKD. Nutrients 2021; 13:1273. [PMID: 33924419 PMCID: PMC8070653 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphate is a key uremic toxin associated with adverse outcomes. As chronic kidney disease (CKD) progresses, the kidney capacity to excrete excess dietary phosphate decreases, triggering compensatory endocrine responses that drive CKD-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD). Eventually, hyperphosphatemia develops, and low phosphate diet and phosphate binders are prescribed. Recent data have identified a potential role of the gut microbiota in mineral bone disorders. Thus, parathyroid hormone (PTH) only caused bone loss in mice whose microbiota was enriched in the Th17 cell-inducing taxa segmented filamentous bacteria. Furthermore, the microbiota was required for PTH to stimulate bone formation and increase bone mass, and this was dependent on bacterial production of the short-chain fatty acid butyrate. We review current knowledge on the relationship between phosphate, microbiota and CKD-MBD. Topics include microbial bioactive compounds of special interest in CKD, the impact of dietary phosphate and phosphate binders on the gut microbiota, the modulation of CKD-MBD by the microbiota and the potential therapeutic use of microbiota to treat CKD-MBD through the clinical translation of concepts from other fields of science such as the optimization of phosphorus utilization and the use of phosphate-accumulating organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Favero
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.F.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (R.F.-P.); (E.G.-G.); (M.V.P.-G.)
| | - Sol Carriazo
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.F.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (R.F.-P.); (E.G.-G.); (M.V.P.-G.)
- Red de Investigacion Renal (REDINREN), Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Leticia Cuarental
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.F.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (R.F.-P.); (E.G.-G.); (M.V.P.-G.)
- Red de Investigacion Renal (REDINREN), Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Fernandez-Prado
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.F.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (R.F.-P.); (E.G.-G.); (M.V.P.-G.)
- Red de Investigacion Renal (REDINREN), Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Gomá-Garcés
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.F.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (R.F.-P.); (E.G.-G.); (M.V.P.-G.)
| | - Maria Vanessa Perez-Gomez
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.F.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (R.F.-P.); (E.G.-G.); (M.V.P.-G.)
- Red de Investigacion Renal (REDINREN), Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.F.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (R.F.-P.); (E.G.-G.); (M.V.P.-G.)
- Red de Investigacion Renal (REDINREN), Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Fernandez-Fernandez
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.F.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (R.F.-P.); (E.G.-G.); (M.V.P.-G.)
- Red de Investigacion Renal (REDINREN), Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (C.F.); (S.C.); (L.C.); (R.F.-P.); (E.G.-G.); (M.V.P.-G.)
- Red de Investigacion Renal (REDINREN), Av Reyes Católicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Sipos A, Ujlaki G, Mikó E, Maka E, Szabó J, Uray K, Krasznai Z, Bai P. The role of the microbiome in ovarian cancer: mechanistic insights into oncobiosis and to bacterial metabolite signaling. Mol Med 2021; 27:33. [PMID: 33794773 PMCID: PMC8017782 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-021-00295-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is characterized by dysbiosis, referred to as oncobiosis in neoplastic diseases. In ovarian cancer, oncobiosis was identified in numerous compartments, including the tumor tissue itself, the upper and lower female genital tract, serum, peritoneum, and the intestines. Colonization was linked to Gram-negative bacteria with high inflammatory potential. Local inflammation probably participates in the initiation and continuation of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, local bacterial colonies in the peritoneum may facilitate metastasis formation in ovarian cancer. Vaginal infections (e.g. Neisseria gonorrhoeae or Chlamydia trachomatis) increase the risk of developing ovarian cancer. Bacterial metabolites, produced by the healthy eubiome or the oncobiome, may exert autocrine, paracrine, and hormone-like effects, as was evidenced in breast cancer or pancreas adenocarcinoma. We discuss the possible involvement of lipopolysaccharides, lysophosphatides and tryptophan metabolites, as well as, short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acids and polyamines in the carcinogenesis of ovarian cancer. We discuss the applicability of nutrients, antibiotics, and probiotics to harness the microbiome and support ovarian cancer therapy. The oncobiome and the most likely bacterial metabolites play vital roles in mediating the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Finally, we discuss the potential of oncobiotic changes as biomarkers for the diagnosis of ovarian cancer and microbial metabolites as possible adjuvant agents in therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Sipos
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Gyula Ujlaki
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Edit Mikó
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Eszter Maka
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Judit Szabó
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Karen Uray
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Zoárd Krasznai
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary
| | - Péter Bai
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
- MTA-DE Lendület Laboratory of Cellular Metabolism, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, 4032, Hungary.
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33
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Jo SK. Kidney-Gut Crosstalk in AKI. KIDNEY360 2021; 2:886-889. [PMID: 35373056 PMCID: PMC8791352 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0007722020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Sun CY, Li JR, Wang YY, Lin SY, Ou YC, Lin CJ, Wang JD, Liao SL, Chen CJ. Indoxyl sulfate caused behavioral abnormality and neurodegeneration in mice with unilateral nephrectomy. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6681-6701. [PMID: 33621199 PMCID: PMC7993681 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and neurodegenerative diseases are aging-related diseases. CKD with declined renal function is associated with an elevation of circulating indoxyl sulfate, a metabolite synthesized by gut microbes. We explored the roles of gut microbial metabolites in linking with Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases by administrating indoxyl sulfate intraperitoneally to male C57BL/6 mice with unilateral nephrectomy. Upon exposure, the accumulation of indoxyl sulfate was noted in the blood, prefrontal cortical tissues, and cerebrospinal fluid. Mice showed behavioral signs of mood disorders and neurodegeneration such as anxiety, depression, and cognitive impairment. Those behavioral changes were accompanied by disturbed neuronal survival, neural stem cell activity, expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, serotonin, corticosterone, and Repressor Element-1 Silencing Transcription Factor, and post-receptor intracellular signaling, as well as upregulated oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Uremic toxin adsorbent AST-120 improved the above mentioned changes. Intriguingly, intracerebroventricular indoxyl sulfate administration only caused limited alterations in the normal mice and the alterations were reversed by aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonism. The findings suggest pathogenic roles of indoxyl sulfate in the development of CNS diseases, and highlight gut microbiota as alternative targets for intervention with the aim of slowing down the progression of CKD and decreasing CNS complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Yin Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
- Community Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 204, Taiwan
- Kidney Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Jian-Ri Li
- Division of Urology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yu Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chuan Ou
- Department of Urology, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung 435, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Jui Lin
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 104, Taiwan
- Mackay Junior College of Medicine, Nursing and Management, Taipei 251, Taiwan
| | - Jiaan-Der Wang
- Children’s Medical Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Enterprise Information, Tunghai University, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Su-Lan Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
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35
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Hsu CK, Su SC, Chang LC, Shao SC, Yang KJ, Chen CY, Chen YT, Wu IW. Effects of Low Protein Diet on Modulating Gut Microbiota in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of International Studies. Int J Med Sci 2021; 18:3839-3850. [PMID: 34790060 PMCID: PMC8579282 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.66451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although associations between low protein diet (LPD) and changes of gut microbiota have been reported; however, systematic discernment of the effects of LPD on diet-microbiome-host interaction in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is lacking. Methods: We searched PUBMED and EMBASE for articles published on changes of gut microbiota associated with implementation of LPD in CKD patients until July 2021. Independent researchers extracted data and assessed risks of bias. We conducted meta-analyses of combine p-value, mean differences and random effects for gut microbiota and related metabolites. Study heterogeneity was measured by Tau2 and I2 statistic. This study followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results: Five articles met inclusion criteria. The meta-analyses of gut microbiota exhibited enrichments of Lactobacillaceae (meta-p= 0.010), Bacteroidaceae (meta-p= 0.048) and Streptococcus anginosus (meta-p< 0.001), but revealed depletion of Bacteroides eggerthii (p=0.017) and Roseburia faecis (meta-p=0.019) in LPD patients compared to patients undergoing normal protein diet. The serum IS levels (mean difference: 0.68 ug/mL, 95% CI: -8.38-9.68, p= 0.89) and pCS levels (mean difference: -3.85 ug/mL, 95% CI: -15.49-7.78, p < 0.52) did not change between groups. We did not find significant differences on renal function associated with change of microbiota between groups (eGFR, mean difference: -7.21 mL/min/1.73 m2, 95% CI: -33.2-18.79, p= 0.59; blood urea nitrogen, mean difference: -6.8 mg/dL, 95% CI: -46.42-32.82, p= 0.74). Other clinical (sodium, potassium, phosphate, albumin, fasting sugar, uric acid, total cholesterol, triglycerides, C-reactive protein and hemoglobin) and anthropometric estimates (body mass index, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure) did not differ between the two groups. Conclusions: This systematic review and meta-analysis suggested that the effects of LPD on the microbiota were observed predominantly at the families and species levels but minimal on microbial diversity or richness. In the absence of global compositional microbiota shifts, the species-level changes appear insufficient to alter metabolic or clinical outputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Kai Hsu
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chi Su
- Whole-Genome Research Core Laboratory of Human Diseases, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Lun-Ching Chang
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Florida, US
| | - Shih-Chieh Shao
- School of Pharmacy, Institute of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Jie Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Ting Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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36
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Rydzewska-Rosołowska A, Sroka N, Kakareko K, Rosołowski M, Zbroch E, Hryszko T. The Links between Microbiome and Uremic Toxins in Acute Kidney Injury: Beyond Gut Feeling-A Systematic Review. Toxins (Basel) 2020; 12:E788. [PMID: 33322362 PMCID: PMC7764335 DOI: 10.3390/toxins12120788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The last years have brought an abundance of data on the existence of a gut-kidney axis and the importance of microbiome in kidney injury. Data on kidney-gut crosstalk suggest the possibility that microbiota alter renal inflammation; we therefore aimed to answer questions about the role of microbiome and gut-derived toxins in acute kidney injury. PubMed and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to October 10, 2020 for relevant studies with an additional search performed on ClinicalTrials.gov. We identified 33 eligible articles and one ongoing trial (21 original studies and 12 reviews/commentaries), which were included in this systematic review. Experimental studies prove the existence of a kidney-gut axis, focusing on the role of gut-derived uremic toxins and providing concepts that modification of the microbiota composition may result in better AKI outcomes. Small interventional studies in animal models and in humans show promising results, therefore, microbiome-targeted therapy for AKI treatment might be a promising possibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicja Rydzewska-Rosołowska
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (N.S.); (K.K.); (E.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Natalia Sroka
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (N.S.); (K.K.); (E.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Katarzyna Kakareko
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (N.S.); (K.K.); (E.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Mariusz Rosołowski
- Department of Gastroenterology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Edyta Zbroch
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (N.S.); (K.K.); (E.Z.); (T.H.)
| | - Tomasz Hryszko
- 2nd Department of Nephrology and Hypertension with Dialysis Unit, Medical University of Białystok, 15-276 Białystok, Poland; (N.S.); (K.K.); (E.Z.); (T.H.)
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37
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Franzin R, Netti GS, Spadaccino F, Porta C, Gesualdo L, Stallone G, Castellano G, Ranieri E. The Use of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Oncology and the Occurrence of AKI: Where Do We Stand? Front Immunol 2020; 11:574271. [PMID: 33162990 PMCID: PMC7580288 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.574271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) are a novel class of immunotherapy drugs that have improved the treatment of a broad spectrum of cancers as metastatic melanoma, non-small lung cancer or renal cell carcinoma. These humanized monoclonal antibodies target inhibitory receptors (e.g. CTLA-4, PD-1, LAG-3, TIM-3) and ligands (PD-L1) expressed on T lymphocytes, antigen presenting cells and tumor cells and elicit an anti-tumor response by stimulating immune system. Nevertheless, the improved overall survival is complicated by the manifestation of Immune-related Adverse Effects (irAEs). During treatment with ICIs, the most common adverse kidney effect is represented by the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) with the acute tubulointerstitial nephritis as recurrent histological feature. The mechanisms involved in ICIs-induced AKI include the re-activation of effector T cells previously stimulated by nephrotoxic drugs (i.e. by antibiotics), the loss of tolerance versus self-renal antigens, the increased PD-L1 expression by tubular cells or the establishment of a pro-inflammatory milieu with the release of self-reactive antibodies. For renal transplant recipient treated with ICIs, the increased incidence of rejection is a serious concern. Therefore, the combination of ICIs with mTOR inhibitors represents an emerging strategy. Finally, it is relevant to anticipate which patients under ICIs would experience severe irAEs and from a kidney perspective, to predict patients with higher risk of AKI. Here, we provide a detailed overview of ICIs-related nephrotoxicity and the recently described multicenter studies. Several factors have been reported as biomarkers of ICIs-irAEs, in this review we speculate on potential biomarkers for ICIs-associated AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rossana Franzin
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Stefano Netti
- Clinical Pathology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Federica Spadaccino
- Clinical Pathology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Camillo Porta
- Oncology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Loreto Gesualdo
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Stallone
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Castellano
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Elena Ranieri
- Clinical Pathology, Center of Molecular Medicine, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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38
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p-Cresol Sulfate Caused Behavior Disorders and Neurodegeneration in Mice with Unilateral Nephrectomy Involving Oxidative Stress and Neuroinflammation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186687. [PMID: 32932690 PMCID: PMC7555291 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein-bound uremic toxins, such as p-cresol sulfate (PCS), can be accumulated with declined renal function and aging and is closely linked with central nervous system (CNS) diseases. In the periphery, PCS has effects on oxidative stress and inflammation. Since oxidative stress and inflammation have substantial roles in the pathogenesis of neurological disorders, the CNS effects of PCS were investigated in unilateral nephrectomized C57/BL/6 mice. Unlike intact mice, unilateral nephrectomized mice showed increased circulating levels of PCS after exogenous administration. Upon PCS exposure, the unilateral nephrectomized mice developed depression-like, anxiety-like, and cognitive impairment behaviors with brain PCS accumulation in comparison with the nephrectomy-only group. In the prefrontal cortical tissues, neuronal cell survival and neurogenesis were impaired along with increased apoptosis, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation. Circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factors (BDNF) and serotonin were decreased in association with increased corticosterone and repressor element-1 silencing transcription factor (REST), regulators involved in neurological disorders. On the contrary, these PCS-induced changes were alleviated by uremic toxin absorbent AST-120. Taken together, PCS administration in mice with nephrectomy contributed to neurological disorders with increased oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, which were alleviated by PCS chelation. It is suggested that PCS may be a therapeutic target for chronic kidney disease-associated CNS diseases.
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39
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Wang J, Ishfaq M, Guo Y, Chen C, Li J. Assessment of Probiotic Properties of Lactobacillus salivarius Isolated From Chickens as Feed Additives. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:415. [PMID: 32766298 PMCID: PMC7379216 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The continued use of sub-therapeutic antibiotics as feed additives in the poultry industry improved health and growth performance. However, the resulting antibiotic resistance increasingly becomes a major threat to public health. Probiotics are promising alternatives for the antibiotics used in poultry industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the probiotic properties of Lactobacillus salivarius as feed additive in chickens. White leghorn chickens were randomly assigned to experimental groups. Effects of Lactobacillus salivarius supplementation on growth performance, resistance to Escherichia coli O78 challenge and heat-stress, and immune response after vaccinated with attenuated infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) vaccine were determined. The results showed that Lactobacillus salivarius supplementation improved growth performance, such as weight and longer shank length, increased relative weights of the immune organs and decreased concentrations of odor-causing compounds. In addition, Lactobacillus salivarius supplementation alleviated organ injury caused by Escherichia coli O78 challenge and heat stress. Furthermore, Lactobacillus salivarius results in enhanced immune response after IBDV vaccine immunization, enhanced specific antibody and IFN-γ production, and lymphocyte proliferation. Our results revealed a tremendous potential of Lactobacillus salivarius as antibiotics' substitute in poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Yuquan Guo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Chunli Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
| | - Jichang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Pharmaceutical Development, Harbin, China
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