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Li K, Deng Z, Lei C, Ding X, Li J, Wang C. The Role of Oxidative Stress in Tumorigenesis and Progression. Cells 2024; 13:441. [PMID: 38474405 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress refers to the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the endogenous antioxidant defense system. Its involvement in cell senescence, apoptosis, and series diseases has been demonstrated. Advances in carcinogenic research have revealed oxidative stress as a pivotal pathophysiological pathway in tumorigenesis and to be involved in lung cancer, glioma, hepatocellular carcinoma, leukemia, and so on. This review combs the effects of oxidative stress on tumorigenesis on each phase and cell fate determination, and three features are discussed. Oxidative stress takes part in the processes ranging from tumorigenesis to tumor death via series pathways and processes like mitochondrial stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and ferroptosis. It can affect cell fate by engaging in the complex relationships between senescence, death, and cancer. The influence of oxidative stress on tumorigenesis and progression is a multi-stage interlaced process that includes two aspects of promotion and inhibition, with mitochondria as the core of regulation. A deeper and more comprehensive understanding of the effects of oxidative stress on tumorigenesis is conducive to exploring more tumor therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kexin Li
- Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, 49 Xilingol South Road, Yu Quan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Zhangyuzi Deng
- Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, 49 Xilingol South Road, Yu Quan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Chunran Lei
- Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, 49 Xilingol South Road, Yu Quan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Xiaoqing Ding
- Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, 49 Xilingol South Road, Yu Quan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, 49 Xilingol South Road, Yu Quan District, Hohhot 010020, China
| | - Changshan Wang
- Laboratory of Reproductive Regulation & Breeding of Grassland Livestock, School of Life Science, Inner Mongolia University, 49 Xilingol South Road, Yu Quan District, Hohhot 010020, China
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Hernandez RD, Genio FAF, Casanova JR, Conato MT, Paderes MC. Antiproliferative Activities and SwissADME Predictions of Physicochemical Properties of Carbonyl Group-Modified Rotenone Analogues. ChemistryOpen 2024; 13:e202300087. [PMID: 37590423 PMCID: PMC10784630 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotenone is a naturally occurring compound shown to exhibit antiproliferative activity against various cancer cell lines, indicating its potential as a lead anticancer agent. However, its toxicity against normal cells has prompted further investigation and chemical modifications. In this study, a library of carbonyl group-modified rotenone derivatives was synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activities against MCF-7 breast cancer cells, A549 human lung carcinoma cells, and HCT116 human colorectal cancer cells using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazolyl-2)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The results showed several promising compounds that inhibited cell proliferation. Specifically, the oxime and alcohol rotenone derivatives exhibited antiproliferative activities against all 3 cancer cell lines, while the ethoxy, carbamate, and alkene derivatives are selective against MCF-7 (IC50 =5.72 μM), HCT116 (IC50 =8.86 μM), and A549 (IC50 =0.11 μM), respectively. SwissADME analysis showed that the physicochemical properties and drug-likeness of the synthesized rotenone derivatives were within the set limits, suggesting the favorable characteristics of these compounds for drug development. The findings obtained in this work highlight the potential of rotenone derivatives as promising chemotherapeutic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajelle D. Hernandez
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of the Philippines DilimanQuezon CityPhilippines1101
| | | | - Jannelle R. Casanova
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of the Philippines DilimanQuezon CityPhilippines1101
| | - Marlon T. Conato
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of the Philippines DilimanQuezon CityPhilippines1101
| | - Monissa C. Paderes
- Institute of ChemistryUniversity of the Philippines DilimanQuezon CityPhilippines1101
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Dutta N, Gerke JA, Odron SF, Morris JD, Hruby A, Castro Torres T, Shemtov SJ, Clarke JG, Chang MC, Shaghasi H, Ray MN, Averbukh M, Hoang S, Oorloff M, Alcala A, Vega M, Mehta HH, Thorwald MA, Crews P, Vermulst M, Garcia G, Johnson TA, Higuchi-Sanabria R. Investigating impacts of marine sponge derived mycothiazole and its acetylated derivative on mitochondrial function and aging. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.11.27.568896. [PMID: 38077060 PMCID: PMC10705228 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.27.568896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule inhibitors of the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) hold significant promise to provide valuable insights to the field of mitochondrial research and aging biology. In this study, we investigated two molecules: mycothiazole (MTZ) - from the marine sponge C. mycofijiensis and its more stable semisynthetic analog 8-O-acetylmycothiazole (8-OAc) as potent and selective chemical probes based on their high efficiency to inhibit ETC complex I function. Similar to rotenone (Rote), a widely used ETC complex I inhibitor, these two molecules showed cytotoxicity to cancer cells but strikingly demonstrate a lack of toxicity to non-cancer cells, a highly beneficial feature in the development of anti-cancer therapeutics. Furthermore, in vivo experiments with these small molecules utilizing C.elegans model demonstrate their unexplored potential to investigate aging studies. We observed that both molecules have the ability to induce a mitochondria-specific unfolded protein response (UPRMT) pathway, that extends lifespan of worms when applied in their adult stage. Interestingly, we also found that these two molecules employ different pathways to extend lifespan in worms. Whereas MTZ utilize the transcription factors ATFS-1 and HSF-1, which are involved in the UPRMT and heat shock response (HSR) pathways respectively, 8-OAc only required HSF-1 and not ATFS-1 to mediate its effects. This observation underscores the value of applying stable, potent, and selective next generation chemical probes to elucidate an important insight into the functional roles of various protein subunits of ETC complexes and their regulatory mechanisms associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naibedya Dutta
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Joe A Gerke
- Department of Natural Sciences & Mathematics, Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA 94901, United States
| | - Sofia F Odron
- Department of Natural Sciences & Mathematics, Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA 94901, United States
| | - Joseph D Morris
- Department of Natural Sciences & Mathematics, Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA 94901, United States
| | - Adam Hruby
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Toni Castro Torres
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Sarah J Shemtov
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Jacqueline G Clarke
- Department of Natural Sciences & Mathematics, Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA 94901, United States
| | - Michelle C Chang
- Department of Natural Sciences & Mathematics, Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA 94901, United States
| | - Hooriya Shaghasi
- Department of Natural Sciences & Mathematics, Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA 94901, United States
| | - Marissa N. Ray
- Department of Natural Sciences & Mathematics, Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA 94901, United States
| | - Maxim Averbukh
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Sally Hoang
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Maria Oorloff
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Athena Alcala
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Matthew Vega
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Hemal H Mehta
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Max A Thorwald
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Phillip Crews
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of California, Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, CA, 95064, United States
| | - Marc Vermulst
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Gilberto Garcia
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
| | - Tyler A Johnson
- Department of Natural Sciences & Mathematics, Dominican University of California, San Rafael, CA 94901, United States
| | - Ryo Higuchi-Sanabria
- Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, United States
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Kim HS, Bae S, Lim YJ, So KA, Kim TJ, Bae S, Lee JH. Tephrosin Suppresses the Chemoresistance of Paclitaxel-Resistant Ovarian Cancer via Inhibition of FGFR1 Signaling Pathway. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3155. [PMID: 38137377 PMCID: PMC10740824 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death among gynecologic cancers. Paclitaxel is used as a standard first-line therapeutic agent for ovarian cancer. However, chemotherapeutic resistance and high recurrence rates are major obstacles to treating ovarian cancer. We have found that tephrosin, a natural rotenoid isoflavonoid, can resensitize paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer cells to paclitaxel. Cell viability, immunoblotting, and a flow cytometric analysis showed that a combination treatment made up of paclitaxel and tephrosin induced apoptotic death. Tephrosin inhibited the phosphorylation of AKT, STAT3, ERK, and p38 MAPK, all of which simultaneously play important roles in survival signaling pathways. Notably, tephrosin downregulated the phosphorylation of FGFR1 and its specific adapter protein FRS2, but it had no effect on the phosphorylation of the EGFR. Immunoblotting and a fluo-3 acetoxymethyl assay showed that tephrosin did not affect the expression or function of P-glycoprotein. Additionally, treatment with N-acetylcysteine did not restore cell cytotoxicity caused by a treatment combination made up of paclitaxel and tephrosin, showing that tephrosin did not affect the reactive oxygen species scavenging pathway. Interestingly, tephrosin reduced the expression of the anti-apoptotic factor XIAP. This study demonstrates that tephrosin is a potent antitumor agent that can be used in the treatment of paclitaxel-resistant ovarian cancer via the inhibition of the FGFR1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Su Kim
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (H.S.K.); (S.B.); (Y.J.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Sowon Bae
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (H.S.K.); (S.B.); (Y.J.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Ye Jin Lim
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (H.S.K.); (S.B.); (Y.J.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Kyeong A So
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea; (K.A.S.); (T.J.K.)
| | - Tae Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea; (K.A.S.); (T.J.K.)
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (H.S.K.); (S.B.); (Y.J.L.); (S.B.)
| | - Jae Ho Lee
- Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (H.S.K.); (S.B.); (Y.J.L.); (S.B.)
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Gul S, Pang J, Yuan H, Chen Y, Yu Q, Wang H, Tang W. Stemness signature and targeted therapeutic drugs identification for Triple Negative Breast Cancer. Sci Data 2023; 10:815. [PMID: 37985782 PMCID: PMC10662149 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02709-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer and carries the worst prognosis, characterized by the lack of progesterone, estrogen, and HER2 gene expression. This study aimed to analyze cancer stemness-related gene signature to determine patients' risk stratification and prognosis feature with TNBC. Here one-class logistic regression (OCLR) algorithm was applied to compute the stemness index of TNBC patients. Cox and LASSO regression analysis was performed on stemness-index related genes to establish 16 genes-based prognostic signature, and their predictive performance was verified in TCGA and METABERIC merged data cohort. We diagnosed the expression level of prognostic genes signature in the tumor immune microenvironment, analyzed the TNBC scRNA-seq GSE176078 dataset, and further validated the expression level of prognostic genes using the HPA database. Finally, the small molecular compounds targeted at the anti-tumor effect of predictive genes were screened by molecular docking; this novel stemness-based prognostic genes signature study could facilitate the prognosis of patients with TNBC and thus provide a feasible therapeutic target for TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samina Gul
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 jingming south road, Kunming city, Yunnan province, 650500, China
| | - Jianyu Pang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 jingming south road, Kunming city, Yunnan province, 650500, China
| | - Hongjun Yuan
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 jingming south road, Kunming city, Yunnan province, 650500, China
| | - Yongzhi Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 jingming south road, Kunming city, Yunnan province, 650500, China
| | - Qian Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 jingming south road, Kunming city, Yunnan province, 650500, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 jingming south road, Kunming city, Yunnan province, 650500, China
| | - Wenru Tang
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Aging & Tumor, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, 727 jingming south road, Kunming city, Yunnan province, 650500, China.
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Cadassou O, Petter Jordheim L. OXPHOS inhibitors, metabolism and targeted therapies in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 211:115531. [PMID: 37019188 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
More and more studies highlight the complex metabolic characteristics and plasticity of cancer cells. To address these specificities and explore the associated vulnerabilities, new metabolism-targeting therapeutic strategies are being developed. It is more and more accepted that cancer cells do not produce their energy only from aerobic glycolysis, as some subtypes strongly rely on mitochondrial respiration (OXPHOS). This review focuses on classical and promising OXPHOS inhibitors (OXPHOSi), unravelling their interest and modes of actions in cancer, particularly in combination with other strategies. Indeed, in monotherapy, OXPHOSi display limited efficiency as they mostly trigger cell death in cancer cell subtypes that strongly depend on mitochondrial respiration and are not able to shift to other metabolic pathways to produce energy. Nevertheless, they remain very interesting in combination with conventional therapeutic strategies such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy, increasing their anti-tumoral actions. In addition, OXPHOSi can be included in even more innovative strategies such as combinations with other metabolic drugs or immunotherapies.
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Raudenská M, Petrláková K, Juriňáková T, Leischner Fialová J, Fojtů M, Jakubek M, Rösel D, Brábek J, Masařík M. Engine shutdown: migrastatic strategies and prevention of metastases. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:293-308. [PMID: 36804341 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Most cancer-related deaths among patients with solid tumors are caused by metastases. Migrastatic strategies represent a unique therapeutic approach to prevent all forms of cancer cell migration and invasion. Because the migration machinery has been shown to promote metastatic dissemination, successful migrastatic therapy may reduce the need for high-dose cytotoxic therapies that are currently used to prevent the risk of metastatic dissemination. In this review we focus on anti-invasive and antimetastatic strategies that hold promise for the treatment of solid tumors. The best targets for migrastatic therapy would be those that are required by all forms of motility, such as ATP availability, mitochondrial metabolism, and cytoskeletal dynamics and cell contractility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Raudenská
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Kateřina Petrláková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tamara Juriňáková
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jindřiška Leischner Fialová
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Fojtů
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Milan Jakubek
- BIOCEV (Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center in Vestec), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, CZ-252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| | - Daniel Rösel
- Department of Cell Biology, BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Brábek
- Department of Cell Biology, BIOCEV, Faculty of Science, Charles University, CZ-252 50, Vestec, Prague-West, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Masařík
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-625 00 Brno, Czech Republic; BIOCEV (Biotechnology and Biomedicine Center in Vestec), First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prumyslova 595, CZ-252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.
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Ataei M, Abdollahi M. A systematic review of mechanistic studies on the relationship between pesticide exposure and cancer induction. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2022; 456:116280. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2022.116280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Mitochondrial targeting theranostic nanomedicine and molecular biomarkers for efficient cancer diagnosis and therapy. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113451. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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Golgi phosphoprotein 3 induces autophagy and epithelial-mesenchymal transition to promote metastasis in colon cancer. Cell Death Dis 2022; 8:76. [PMID: 35190555 PMCID: PMC8861175 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-00864-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to investigate whether and how Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) facilitates colon cancer metastasis via the regulation of autophagy and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The role GOLPH3 plays in colon cancer metastasis was analyzed using western blotting, immunohistochemistry, transwell, wound-healing, and zebrafish assays. Autophagy and EMT were assessed via RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis, mRFP-GFP-LC3 reporter assays, and their related markers. Significant associations were found between colon cancer clinical and pathological stages and poor prognosis. GOLPH3 facilitates colon cancer metastasis, both in vitro and in vivo. RNA-seq analysis of GOLPH3-overexpressing and control cell models revealed that GOLPH3 enhances EMT and autophagy. Moreover, examination of autophagic, epithelial, and mesenchymal markers in GOLPH3-overexpressing, -silenced, and control cell lines revealed that GOLPH3 promotes EMT and autophagy. When autophagy was inhibited, GOLPH3-promoted metastasis and EMT were counteracted in vitro and in vivo. Using RNA-seq, PI3K/Akt signaling was identified as the key downstream pathway on which GOLPH3 acts. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that GOLPH3 stimulates autophagy and induces EMT via the suppression of the phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) at Ser473. In summary, GOLPH3 induces autophagy and EMT, promoting metastasis in colon cancer. Beyond this, and in contrast to conventional perspectives, we discovered that GOLPH3 represses the phosphorylation of Akt at Ser473.
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Identification of Effective Anticancer G-Quadruplex-Targeting Chemotypes through the Exploration of a High Diversity Library of Natural Compounds. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13101611. [PMID: 34683905 PMCID: PMC8537501 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13101611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the quest for selective G-quadruplex (G4)-targeting chemotypes, natural compounds have been thus far poorly explored, though representing appealing candidates due to the high structural diversity of their scaffolds. In this regard, a unique high diversity in-house library composed of ca. one thousand individual natural products was investigated. The combination of molecular docking-based virtual screening and the G4-CPG experimental screening assay proved to be useful to quickly and effectively identify-out of many natural compounds-five hit binders of telomeric and oncogenic G4s, i.e., Bulbocapnine, Chelidonine, Ibogaine, Rotenone and Vomicine. Biophysical studies unambiguously demonstrated the selective interaction of these compounds with G4s compared to duplex DNA. The rationale behind the G4 selective recognition was suggested by molecular dynamics simulations. Indeed, the selected ligands proved to specifically interact with G4 structures due to peculiar interaction patterns, while they were unable to firmly bind to a DNA duplex. From biological assays, Chelidonine and Rotenone emerged as the most active compounds of the series against cancer cells, also showing good selectivity over normal cells. Notably, the anticancer activity correlated well with the ability of the two compounds to target telomeric G4s.
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Tian Y, Ren F, Xu L, Zhang X. Distinct effects of different doses of kaempferol on D‑GalN/LPS‑induced ALF depend on the autophagy pathway. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:682. [PMID: 34318900 PMCID: PMC8335584 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Kaempferol, a flavonoid compound, has various biological functions, such as anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities. Acute liver failure (ALF) is a lethal clinical syndrome that occurs due to severe damage of the liver function. In the present study, the mechanisms underlying the therapeutic effects of kaempferol in ALF were evaluated. An ALF mouse model was established using D-galactosamine (D-GalN; 700 mg/kg)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 10 µg/kg). A total of 2 h before the administration of D-GalN/LPS, mice were pretreated with different doses of kaempferol (2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg), and 6 h after injection of D-GalN/LPS, mice were euthanized. The survival rate, liver function and levels of inflammatory cytokines were assessed. The results demonstrated that kaempferol pretreatment protected hepatocytes from ALF induced by D-GalN/LPS via regulation of the autophagy pathway, both in vivo and in vitro. Pretreatment with a high dose of kaempferol significantly decreased the survival rates and increased severe liver damage; however, pretreatment with a low dose of kaempferol had the opposite effect. Furthermore, pretreatment with a high dose of kaempferol enhanced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines [TNF-α, IL-6, IL-12p40, IL-1β, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand (CXCL)-2, CXCL-10] and markers of the MAPK signaling pathway [phosphorylated (p)-JNK, p-ERK, p-p38], whereas pretreatment with a low dose of kaempferol had the opposite effect. Pretreatment with a high dose of kaempferol decreased autophagy, whereas pretreatment with a low dose of kaempferol increased autophagy in vivo and in vitro. It was also shown that pretreatment with 3-methyadenine or autophagy related 7 small interfering RNA, to inhibit autophagy, partially abrogated the hepatoprotective effects of pretreatment with 5 mg/kg kaempferol in the ALF mouse model. These results demonstrate that the effects of different doses of kaempferol on D-GalN/LPS-induced ALF varies based on the dose, and that kaempferol exerted its effects via regulation of the autophagy pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Tian
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Feng Ren
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Ling Xu
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
| | - Xiangying Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Hepatology, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, P.R. China
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Zhang X, Wang H, Han Y, Zhu M, Song Z, Zhan D, Jia J. NCAPG Induces Cell Proliferation in Cardia Adenocarcinoma via PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway. Onco Targets Ther 2020; 13:11315-11326. [PMID: 33177839 PMCID: PMC7649252 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s276868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Previous studies have shown that non-SMC condensin I complex subunit G (NCAPG) overexpression is correlated to poor prognosis of multiple cancer types. Herein, we explored the underlying mechanism of NCAPG-mediated cardia adenocarcinoma (CA) proliferation and cell cycle regulation. Methods The protein profiling technology was used to analyze the gene expression in 20 CA and adjacent tissue samples. Differential genes were identified by bioinformatic analysis. Western blot and qRT-PCR-based analysis assessed the NCAPG expression levels in multiple CA cell lines. CA cell lines, SGC-7901 and AGS, were transfected with Lip 2000, and stably transfected cell lines were screened for NCAPG overexpression and downregulation. MTT and clone formation assays were employed to detect cell proliferation, and cell cycle phases were analyzed using flow cytometry. Western blot was performed to determine the NCAPG gene expression levels. Finally, we studied the tumorigenic effects of NCAPG in the mouse model and validated the cell experiment results using immunohistochemistry. Results A significant overexpression of NCAPG was found in CA tissues and CA cell lines. The outcomes of MTT and clone formation assays showed that NCAPG upregulation promoted cell proliferation. The outcomes of these analyses were further validated using nude mice as an in vivo tumor model. As per the outcome of Western blot and flow cytometry analysis, NCAPG regulated the G1 phase through the cyclins (CDK4, CDK6, and cyclin D1) overexpression and cell cycle inhibitors (P21 and P27) downregulation. Overexpressed NCAPG and silenced NCAPG, both in vitro and in vivo, resulted in abnormal activation of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in CA cells. We observed that NCAPG overexpression increased the levels of phosphorylated PI3K, AKT, and GSK3β; however, their total protein levels remained unchanged in CA cells. Conclusion As a CA oncogene, NCAPG promoted cell proliferation and regulated cell cycle through PI3K/AKT signaling pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajuan Han
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengqi Zhu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zaozhi Song
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, People's Republic of China
| | - Dankai Zhan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianguang Jia
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu 233000, People's Republic of China
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Wang N, Yang L, Dai J, Wu Y, Zhang R, Jia X, Liu C. 5-FU inhibits migration and invasion of CRC cells through PI3K/AKT pathway regulated by MARCH1. Cell Biol Int 2020; 45:368-381. [PMID: 33085122 PMCID: PMC7894547 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer is a major health problem with a significant impact on the patients' quality of life. 5‐Fluorouracil is the most common chemotherapy drug used for this type of cancer. While its molecular mechanism is the inhibition of DNA synthesis via the inhibition of thymine nucleotide synthetase, its complete anticancer mechanism is not clear. Membrane‐associated RING‐CH‐1 (MARCH1) is an E3 ubiquitin ligase that plays an important role in antigen presentation. However, MARCH1 has not been studied in the context of colorectal cancer. In this study, we demonstrated that MARCH1 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, migration and invasion of colorectal tumor cells were inhibited via transfection with small interfering RNAs to suppress the expression of MARCH1. The western blot analysis showed that MARCH1 regulates epithelial–mesenchymal transition and the PI3K/AKT pathway. Moreover, 5‐fluorouracil inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of tumor cells, via the targeting of MARCH1 and the consequent downregulation of the PI3K/AKT pathway, impacting the progression of epithelial–mesenchymal transition. In conclusion, our study shows that MARCH1 may play a role as an oncogene in colorectal cancer and may represent a new target molecule of 5‐fluorouracil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Yang
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Juanjuan Dai
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Cancer Research Laboratory, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Xingfang Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Chengxia Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
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