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Abdelkarim M, Ben Younes K, Limam I, Guermazi R, ElGaaied ABA, Aissa-Fennira FB. 3,6-dichloro-1,2,4,5-Tetrazine Assayed at High Doses in the Metastatic Breast Cancer Cell Line MDA-MB-231 Reduces Cell Numbers and Induces Apoptosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1573407215666181224105826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The lack of treatment options for patients with chemotherapy-resistant cancers
is pushing the field toward the development of new therapies. 1,2,4,5-tetrazine derivatives are a class of
heterocyclic compounds that exhibit a broad spectrum of antitumor activities.
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to assess the biological activity of four s-tetrazine derivatives
by substitution of two chloride atom of 3,6-dichloro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine with long hydrophobic side
chains.
Methods:
We analyzed the anti-proliferative effects of four s-tetrazine derivatives with MTT assay and
their pro-apoptotic effect with AV/ IP flow cytometry analysis and Hoechst 33342 staining.
Results:
We demonstrated that 3,6-dichloro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine (compound (1)) has a cytotoxic effect and
induces apoptosis.
Conclusion:
3,6-dichloro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine presents a new cytotoxic drug against metastatic breast cancer
cell line MDA-MB-231 in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Abdelkarim
- Laboratory of onco-hematology, Faculty of medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khaoula Ben Younes
- Laboratory of onco-hematology, Faculty of medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ines Limam
- Laboratory of onco-hematology, Faculty of medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Refka Guermazi
- Laboratory of Organic Molecular Chemistry, ENSIT MONTFLEURY 5 Taha Hussein Avenue 1008 Montfleury, University of Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Amel Ben Ammaar ElGaaied
- Laboratory of Genetics Immunology and Humans Pathologies, Faculty of sciences of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ben Aissa-Fennira
- Laboratory of onco-hematology, Faculty of medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
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Zangeneh F, Vazirizadeh A, Mirshamsi MR, Fakhri A, Faizi M, Pourahmad J. Induction of Apoptosis by an Extract of Persian Gulf Marine Mollusc, Turbo Coronatus through the Production of Reactive
Oxygen Species in Mouse Melanoma Cells. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:3479-3488. [PMID: 30583673 PMCID: PMC6428523 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2018.19.12.3479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: A variety of approaches such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy and
immunotherapy are used to treat melanomas, but unfortunately in most case, the response is very weak and often side
effects are serious. This study concerns selective toxicity of an extract of Turbo coronatus on cells and mitochondria from
a syngeneic mouse model of melanoma. Methods: Cells and mitochondria isolated from extra tumoral and melanoma
tissues were exposed toa T. coronatus crude extract and fractions obtained by gel-filtration chromatography and assayed
for mitochondrial and cellular parameters. Result: Crude extract (375, 750 and 1,500 μg/ml) and fraction 1; F1; (275,
550 and 1100 μg/ml) of T. coronatus extract induced a significant (p<0.05) increase of the reactive oxygen species
(ROS) level, swelling of mitochondria, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), release of cytochrome
c and caspase-3 activation only in the mitochondria and cells obtained from melanoma but not extra tumoral tissues. In
addition, the F1 fraction decreased the percentage of viable cells and induced apoptosis in melanoma cells. Conclusion:
For the first time we could demonstrate that the F1 fraction of a T. coronatus extract, selectively induces ROS mediated
cytotoxicity by directly targeting mitochondria in melanoma tissues and it may be a suitable candidate for novel drug
treatment of malignant melanomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Zangeneh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Research Center Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,
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3
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Targeting Mitochondrial Bioenergetics as a Therapeutic Strategy for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2018; 2018:2426712. [PMID: 29682155 PMCID: PMC5851432 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2426712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Altered cellular metabolism is considered a hallmark of cancer and is fast becoming an avenue for therapeutic intervention. Mitochondria have recently been viewed as an important cellular compartment that fuels the metabolic demands of cancer cells. Mitochondria are the major source of ATP and metabolites necessary to fulfill the bioenergetics and biosynthetic demands of cancer cells. Furthermore, mitochondria are central to cell death and the main source for generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Overall, the growing evidence now suggests that mitochondrial bioenergetics, biogenesis, ROS production, and adaptation to intrinsic oxidative stress are elevated in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Hence, recent studies have shown that mitochondrial metabolism could be targeted for cancer therapy. This review focuses the recent advancements in targeting mitochondrial metabolism for the treatment of CLL.
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Liu J, Qiu L, Xia J, Chen S, Yu X, Zhou Y. ZGDHu-1 for cancer therapy. Oncol Lett 2018; 14:6334-6340. [PMID: 29344112 PMCID: PMC5754890 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
N,N'-di-(m-methylphenyl)-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-1,4-dicarboamide (ZGDHu-1) is a novel tetrazine derivative that was initially designed and produced by Professor W.X. Hu, and which has been reported by our group to exhibit antitumor activity. Accumulating evidence suggests that the anticancer mechanisms of ZGDHu-1 may be involved indifferent biological activities, particularly in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells. At a high concentration, ZGDHu-1 has been demonstrated to inhibit the proliferation of the leukemia cells by arresting the cell cycle at the G2/M phase, and by inducing cell apoptosis via inducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, the translocation of phosphatidylserine across the plasma membrane and the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Furthermore, at a low concentration, it was demonstrated to induce the differentiation and degrade the AML1-eight-twenty-one fusion protein in AML cells. Finally, results from a previous study indicate that ZGDHu-1 is a potential proteasome inhibitor. Overall, our preliminary research suggests that ZGDHu-1 may be a promising anticancer drug; however, further research is warranted to identify the exact drug target and potential clinical application in leukemia cells or solid tumors. In the present review, the application of ZGDHu-1 in cancer research, in addition to the specific underlying targets of ZGDHu-1, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinlin Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China.,Key Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Diagnosis and Individualized Medicine of Zhejiang, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Liannv Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xia
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Sufeng Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Xiping Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yonglie Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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Fakhri A, Omranipour R, Fakhri S, Mirshamsi M, Zangeneh F, Vatanpour H, Pourahmad J. Naja Naja Oxiana Venom Fraction Selectively Induces ROS-Mediated Apoptosis in Human Colorectal Tumor Cells by Directly Targeting Mitochondria. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2017; 18:2201-2208. [PMID: 28843256 PMCID: PMC5697481 DOI: 10.22034/apjcp.2017.18.8.2201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the selective effect of Naja naja oxiana crude venom and its fractions on human colorectal cancer mitochondria to activate apoptosis signaling. Methods: Cells and mitochondria isolated from human cancerous and normal colorectal tissues exposed to N. oxiana crude venom and its fractions obtained from size-exclusion chromatography and then mitochondrial parameters related to up-stream cell death signalling such as reactive oxygen species formation, MMP, mitochondrial swelling, cytochrome c release and ATP content as mitochondrial parameters and activation of caspase3 and finally apoptosis/necrosis % were then assayed as cellular parameters. Result: Our findings indicated that crude venom (15, 30 and 60 µg/ml) and fraction 3; F3; (10, 20 and 40 µg/ml) of N. Oxiana venom induced a significant (p<0.05) increase of reactive oxygen species level, swelling of mitochondria, collapse of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), release of cytochrome c, activated caspase3 and decrease ATP content only in colon cancer tissue group but not from the healthy colon tissue group. Our results also showed that fraction 3 of venom decreased the percentage of viable cells and induced apoptosis in cancerous colorectal cells. Conclusion: F3 fraction of N. Oxiana venom is a suitable candidate for further studies as a new drug treatment of colorectal cancer due to its high capacity for induction of apoptosis signaling via mitochondrial pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Fakhri
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,
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ZGDHu-1 promotes apoptosis of mantle cell lymphoma cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11659-11675. [PMID: 28035065 PMCID: PMC5355294 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a well-defined aggressive Non-Hodgkin-lymphoma with short survival rates and remains incurable to date. Previously, we demonstrated the antitumor activity of ZGDHu-1(N, N'-di-(m-methylphenyi)-3, 6-dimethyl-1, 4-dihydro-1, 2, 4, 5-tetrazine-1, 4-dicarboamide) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. In this study, ZGDHu-1 shows potent anti-lymphoma activity in MCL cells. ZGDHu-1 significantly induces cell cycle G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis in MCL cells. ZGDHu-1 reduces the protein levels of Mcl-1, Bcl-XL and cyclin D1. Importantly, ZGDHu-1 inhibits TNFα-induced IkBa phosphorylation, p65 nuclear translocation and NF-kB downstream target gene expression in MCL cells. MCL samples expressing high levels of Bcl-2 and high Bcl-2/Bax ratios tend to be less effective to ZGDHu-1. Together, these results suggest that ZGDHu-1 could inhibit the NF-kB signaling pathway partly, which may lead to the suppression of cell proliferation and the induction of apoptosis in MCL cells. Thus, our studies provide evidence of the potential of ZGDHu-1 in treating mantle cell lymphoma.
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7
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Salimi A, Roudkenar MH, Sadeghi L, Mohseni A, Seydi E, Pirahmadi N, Pourahmad J. Selective Anticancer Activity of Acacetin Against Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia Using Both In Vivo and In Vitro Methods: Key Role of Oxidative Stress and Cancerous Mitochondria. Nutr Cancer 2016; 68:1404-1416. [DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2016.1235717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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8
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Shen X, Wu Z, Chen S, Chen Y, Xia J, Lv Y, Zhou Y. Induction of G 2/M phase arrest and apoptosis by ZGDHU-1 in A549 and RERF-LC-MA lung cancer cells. Oncol Lett 2016; 12:989-994. [PMID: 27446382 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.4697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is a major public health issue worldwide and is associated with high mortality and poor prognosis. Chemotherapy has the potential to reduce tumor size, increase operability and eradicate micrometastases; therefore, novel chemicals to treat lung cancer are urgently required. In the present study, the effects of N, N'-di-(m-methylphenyi)-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4, 5-tetrazine-1,4-dicarboamide (ZGDHu-1), a novel tetrazine derivative, were investigated in A549 and RERF-LC-MA lung cancer cells, and the underlying molecular mechanism of ZGDHu in treating lung cancer was determined. Following incubation with different concentrations of ZGDHu-1, flow cytometry analysis results indicated that ZGDHu-1 could induce G2/mitotic (M) cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in A549 and RERF-LC-MA cells in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, western blot analysis demonstrated that the expression levels of G2/M regulatory molecules, including cyclin B1, Cdc2 and cell division cycle 25c, decreased following treatment with ZGDHu-1, whilst p53 expression increased. In addition, A549 and RERF-LC-MA cell apoptosis was induced by cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase and through the downregulation of nuclear factor-κB. These results suggest that ZGDHu-1 may induce G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis of lung cancer cells, and may serve as a potential therapeutic drug for the treatment of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinfeng Shen
- Inspection Department, Zhejiang Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China; Clinical Laboratory Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Wu
- Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310002, P.R. China
| | - Sufeng Chen
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yu Chen
- Inspection Department, Zhejiang Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310053, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xia
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yaping Lv
- Laboratory Center, College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
| | - Yonglie Zhou
- Clinical Laboratory Center, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, P.R. China
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9
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Salimi A, Roudkenar MH, Sadeghi L, Mohseni A, Seydi E, Pirahmadi N, Pourahmad J. Ellagic acid, a polyphenolic compound, selectively induces ROS-mediated apoptosis in cancerous B-lymphocytes of CLL patients by directly targeting mitochondria. Redox Biol 2015; 6:461-471. [PMID: 26418626 PMCID: PMC4588415 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects ofellagic acid (EA) on the cytotoxicity, B-lymphocytes isolated from CLL patients and healthy individuals. Flow cytometric assay was used to measure the percentage of apoptosis versus necrosis, intracellular active oxygen radicals (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and the caspase-3 activity and then mitochondria were isolated from both groups B-lymphocytes and parameters of mitochondrial toxicity was investigated. Based on our results EA decreased the percentage of viable cells and induced apoptosis. EA increased ROS formation, mitochondria swelling, MMP decrease and cytochrome c release in mitochondria isolated from CLL BUT NOT healthy B-lymphocytes while pre-treatment with cyclosporine A and Butylated hydroxyl toluene (BHT) prevented these effects. Our results suggest that EA can act as an anti cancer candidate by directly and selectively targeting mitochondria could induce apoptosis through mitochondria pathway with increasing ROS production which finally ends in cytochrome c release, caspase 3 activation and apoptosis in cancerous B-lymphocytes isolated from CLL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salimi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Leila Sadeghi
- Shohadaye Tajrish Educational Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Enayatollah Seydi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahal Pirahmadi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Jalal Pourahmad
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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10
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Qiu L, Liu J, Wang Z, Hu W, Huang Q, Zhou Y. ZGDHu-1 and fludarabine have a synergistic effect on apoptosis of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Oncol Rep 2015; 34:1239-48. [PMID: 26165829 DOI: 10.3892/or.2015.4115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, it was demonstrated that the novel proteasome inhibitor N,N'-di-(m-methylphenyi)-3,6-dimethyl-1,4-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine-1,4-dicarboamide (ZGDHu‑1) possesses activity against chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). In the present study, we attempted to assess whether this drug has a synergistic effect with fludarabine on the apoptosis of CLL cells. Annexin V/PI staining, mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were examined by flow cytometry in short-term cell culture of blood cells from untreated newly diagnosed patients ex vivo. Expression of active caspase-3 and the Bcl-2/Bax ratio for determination of apoptosis were also investigated by flow cytometry and western blot analysis. Our results revealed that the ZGDHu-1 may induce the apoptosis of CLL cells through the mitochondrial pathway and its pro-apoptotic effect is CLL-specific, not affecting normal lymphocytes. Most importantly, a combination of ZGDHu-1 and a non-cytotoxic dose of fludarabine had a synergistic apoptotic effect. To some extent, caspase-3 activation may be involved in the mechanism of the ZGDHu-1 synergistic cytotoxic effect with fludarabine, as well as the cleavage of PARP, consequently leading to apoptosis. Notably, the rate of apoptosis caused by ZGDHu-1 alone or in combination with fludarabine was independent of prognostic markers of CLL disease such as ZAP-70 and CD38 expression or clinical Rai classification stage. In conclusion, ZGDHu-1 exhibited a significant synergistic effect with fludarabine to induce the apoptosis of CLL cells, which implies a possible clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liannv Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310004, P.R. China
| | - Jinlin Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310004, P.R. China
| | - Zhenni Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310004, P.R. China
| | - Weixiao Hu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310004, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of Hematology, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310004, P.R. China
| | - Yonglie Zhou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310004, P.R. China
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11
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Rogalińska M, Błoński JZ, Góralski P, Wawrzyniak E, Hartman M, Rogalska A, Robak P, Koceva-Chyła A, Piekarski H, Robak T, Kiliańska ZM. Relationship between in vitro drug sensitivity and clinical response of patients to treatment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Int J Oncol 2015; 46:1259-67. [PMID: 25572009 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.2823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To improve the efficacy of therapeutic options in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) an in vitro system to determine the response of mononuclear blood cells from blood of patients was elaborated. The study combines four approaches, i.e., cell viability, apoptosis rate, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and immunoblotting to develop personalized therapy protocols based on the cell sensitivity to drug exposure of individual CLL patients. The complementary analyses were performed on 28 peripheral blood samples from previously untreated CLL patients before therapy. The induction and progress of apoptosis in CLL cells exposed in vitro to purine analogs combined with mafosfamide, i.e., cladribine + mafosfamide (CM) and fludarabine + mafosfamide (FM) were assessed using the above approaches. The changes in thermal profiles (decrease/loss of transition at 95±5˚C) coincided with an accumulation of apoptotic cells, a decrease in the number of viable cells, and differences in the expression of the apoptosis‑related protein PARP‑1. No significant changes were observed in the thermal profiles of nuclei isolated from CLL cells resistant to the treatment. The complementary assays revealed a strong relationship between both the in vitro sensitivity of leukemia cells to drugs and the clinical response of the patients, determined usually after the sixth course of treatment (after ~6 months of therapy). As a summary of studies followed by complementary tests, our findings demonstrate the value of in vitro exposure of CLL cell samples to drugs intended to treat CLL patients, before their administration in order to recommend the most suitable and effective therapy for individual patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Rogalińska
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Jerzy Z Błoński
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Góralski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Ewa Wawrzyniak
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Mariusz Hartman
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aneta Rogalska
- Department of Thermobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Robak
- Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Aneta Koceva-Chyła
- Department of Thermobiology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Henryk Piekarski
- Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Robak
- Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Zofia M Kiliańska
- Department of Cytobiochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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12
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Rao GW, Wang C, Wang J, Zhao ZG, Hu WX. Synthesis, structure analysis, antitumor evaluation and 3D-QSAR studies of 3,6-disubstituted-dihydro-1,2,4,5-tetrazine derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6474-80. [PMID: 24120541 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2013] [Revised: 08/25/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Wu Rao
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, People's Republic of China.
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