1
|
Kim EH, Kim MS, Takahashi A, Suzuki M, Vares G, Uzawa A, Fujimori A, Ohno T, Sai S. Carbon-Ion Beam Irradiation Alone or in Combination with Zoledronic acid Effectively Kills Osteosarcoma Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12030698. [PMID: 32187978 PMCID: PMC7140041 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12030698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OSA) is the most common malignant bone tumor in children and adolescents. The overall five-year survival rate for all bone cancers is below 70%; however, when the cancer has spread beyond the bone, it is about 15–30%. Herein, we evaluated the effects of carbon-ion beam irradiation alone or in combination with zoledronic acid (ZOL) on OSA cells. Carbon-ion beam irradiation in combination with ZOL significantly inhibited OSA cell proliferation by arresting cell cycle progression and initiating KHOS and U2OS cell apoptosis, compared to treatments with carbon-ion beam irradiation, X-ray irradiation, and ZOL alone. Moreover, we observed that this combination greatly inhibited OSA cell motility and invasion, accompanied by the suppression of the Pi3K/Akt and MAPK signaling pathways, which are related to cell proliferation and survival, compared to individual treatments with carbon-ion beam or X-ray irradiation, or ZOL. Furthermore, ZOL treatment upregulated microRNA (miR)-29b expression; the combination with a miR-29b mimic further decreased OSA cell viability via activation of the caspase 3 pathway. Thus, ZOL-mediated enhancement of carbon-ion beam radiosensitivity may occur via miR-29b upregulation; co-treatment with the miR-29b mimic further decreased OSA cell survival. These findings suggest that the carbon-ion beam irradiation in combination with ZOL has high potential to increase OSA cell death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Ho Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Daegu Catholic University, Nam-gu, Daegu 42472, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.H.K.); (S.S.); Tel.: +82-53-650-4480 (E.H.K.); +81-43-206-3231 (S.S.)
| | - Mi-Sook Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul 139-706, Korea;
| | - Akihisa Takahashi
- Gunma University Heavy Ion Medical Center, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan;
| | - Masao Suzuki
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (M.S.); (A.U.); (A.F.)
| | - Guillaume Vares
- Cell Signal Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), Onna-son 904-0495, Okinawa, Japan;
| | - Akiko Uzawa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (M.S.); (A.U.); (A.F.)
| | - Akira Fujimori
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (M.S.); (A.U.); (A.F.)
| | - Tatsuya Ohno
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan;
| | - Sei Sai
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences for Radiation Damages, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (M.S.); (A.U.); (A.F.)
- Correspondence: (E.H.K.); (S.S.); Tel.: +82-53-650-4480 (E.H.K.); +81-43-206-3231 (S.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Choi J, Lee EJ, Yang SH, Im YR, Seong J. A prospective Phase II study for the efficacy of radiotherapy in combination with zoledronic acid in treating painful bone metastases from gastrointestinal cancers. JOURNAL OF RADIATION RESEARCH 2019; 60:242-248. [PMID: 30445597 PMCID: PMC6430247 DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rry092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the efficacy of combined radiotherapy (RT) and zoledronic acid in treating painful bone metastases from gastrointestinal cancers. Sixty patients were prospectively enrolled between November 2014 and July 2016. The most common primary cancer type was hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC, n = 25), followed by colorectal cancer (n = 6). Patients received external beam RT of 30-54 Gy in 10-17 fractions or 20 Gy in 5 fractions for symptomatic bone metastases. On the first day of RT, patients received 4 mg intravenous zoledronic acid, which was repeated monthly for a total of six cycles. The mean pain score before treatment was 6.7, and it decreased to 2.8 at 1 month and 2.1 at 3 months (P < 0.001).The overall pain response rates at 1 and 3 months were 95% and 96%, respectively. Among the 24 patients who underwent magnetic resonance imaging, 71% were responders, with a complete response in 1 patient and partial in 16 patients. Combined treatment significantly decreased levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-1α and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and -3 compared with baseline (all P < 0.05). In HCC patients, IL-6 and MMP-9 levels were significantly lower 1 month after treatment (P < 0.05). The mean quality of life (QOL) score improved from 66 to 56 at 1 month (P < 0.001) and 55 at 3 months (P = 0.016). The median survival was 7 months. In conclusion, RT with zoledronic acid decreased bone pain and improved QOL in patients with painful bone metastases from gastrointestinal cancers. Radiographic findings and serum biomarker measurements were closely correlated with therapeutic responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhyun Choi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 50–1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Jung Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 50–1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 50–1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoo Ri Im
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 50–1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jinsil Seong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, 50–1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tai TW, Chen CY, Su FC, Tu YK, Tsai TT, Lin CF, Jou IM. Reactive oxygen species are required for zoledronic acid-induced apoptosis in osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclast-like cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44245. [PMID: 28281643 PMCID: PMC5345019 DOI: 10.1038/srep44245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting osteoclasts and osteoclast precursors to reduce bone resorption is an important strategy to treat osteoclast-related diseases, such as osteoporosis, inflammatory bone loss, and malignant bone metastasis. However, the mechanism by which apoptosis is induced in the osteoclasts and their precursors are not completely understood. Here, we used nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate zoledronic acid (ZA) to induce cell apoptosis in human and murine osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclast-like cells. Caspase-3-mediated cell apoptosis occurred following the ZA (100 μM) treatment. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were also generated in a time-dependent manner. Following knock-down of the p47phox expression, which is required for ROS activation, or co-treatment with the ROS inhibitor, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, ZA-induced apoptosis was significantly suppressed in both osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclast-like cells. The ROS-activated mitogen-activated protein kinases pathways did not trigger cell apoptosis. However, a ROS-regulated Mcl-1 decrease simultaneously with glycogen synthase kinase (GSK)-3β promoted cell apoptosis. These findings show that ZA induces apoptosis in osteoclast precursors and mature osteoclast-like cells by triggering ROS- and GSK-3β-mediated Mcl-1 down-regulation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ta-Wei Tai
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Chin Su
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Kun Tu
- Department of Orthopedics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Ting Tsai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chiou-Feng Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - I-Ming Jou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan.,Department of Orthopedics, E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 824, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wu CC, Huang YF, Hsieh CP, Chueh PJ, Chen YL. Combined Use of Zoledronic Acid Augments Ursolic Acid-Induced Apoptosis in Human Osteosarcoma Cells through Enhanced Oxidative Stress and Autophagy. Molecules 2016; 21:E1640. [PMID: 27916903 PMCID: PMC6274426 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA), a naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpene acid found in many medicinal herbs and edible plants, triggers apoptosis in several tumor cell lines but not in human bone cancer cells. Most recently, we have demonstrated that UA exposure reduces the viability of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells through enhanced oxidative stress and apoptosis. Interestingly, an inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, zoledronic acid (ZOL), also a third-generation nitrogen-containing bisphosphonate, is effective in the treatment of bone metastases in patients with various solid tumors. In this present study, we found that UA combined with ZOL to significantly suppress cell viability, colony formation, and induce apoptosis in two lines of human osteosarcoma cells. The pre-treatment of the antioxidant had reversed the oxidative stress and cell viability inhibition in the combined treatment, indicating that oxidative stress is important in the combined anti-tumor effects. Moreover, we demonstrated that ZOL combined with UA significantly induced autophagy and co-administration of autophagy inhibitor reduces the growth inhibitory effect of combined treatment. Collectively, these data shed light on the pathways involved in the combined effects of ZOL and UA that might serve as a potential therapy against osteosarcoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Chieh Wu
- Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Fu Huang
- Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Pu Hsieh
- Orthopedics & Sports Medicine Laboratory, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan.
| | - Pin-Ju Chueh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, 145 Xingda Rd., South Dist., Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| | - Yao-Li Chen
- School of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Transplant Medicine & Surgery Research Centre, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua 50006, Taiwan.
- Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, 135 Nansiao St., Changhua 50006, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Minegaki T, Fukushima S, Morioka C, Takanashi H, Uno J, Tsuji S, Yamamoto S, Watanabe A, Tsujimoto M, Nishiguchi K. Effects of bisphosphonates on human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell survival. Dis Esophagus 2016; 29:656-62. [PMID: 25894100 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is one of the most malignant cancers in Japan. Anticancer chemotherapy has been useful for ESCC treatment. However, therapeutic options are limited. Recently, bisphosphonates (BPs), which are osteoporosis drugs, have shown anticancer effects in several cancer cell lines, but the effects against ESCC cell lines are unknown. In this study, we examined the cytotoxic effects of BPs and their mechanisms of cytotoxicity in human ESCC cell lines. A first-generation BP (etidronate), two second-generation BPs (alendronate and pamidronate), and two third-generation BPs (risedronate and zoledronate) were used in this study. All BPs, except etidronate, were cytotoxic, as indicated by increased caspase-3/7 activity and numbers of Annexin-fluorescein isothiocyanate positive cells in ESCC cell lines. From cell cycle analysis, G0/G1-phase arrest was observed upon treatment with second- and third-generation BPs. In addition, Cyclin D1 protein expression levels were decreased by second- and third-generation BP treatment. Although squalene and trans, trans-farnesol minimally affected BP cytotoxicity, treatment with geranylgeraniol inhibited BP cytotoxicity almost completely. We concluded that second- and third-generation BPs are cytotoxic to ESCC cell lines as they induce apoptosis and inhibit the cell cycle through mevalonate pathway inhibition. Therefore, BP treatment may be a beneficial therapy in ESCC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Minegaki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Fukushima
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - C Morioka
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - H Takanashi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - J Uno
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Tsuji
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - S Yamamoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - A Watanabe
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - M Tsujimoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - K Nishiguchi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto Pharmaceutical University, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Feng C, Liu X, Li X, Guo F, Huang C, Qin Q, Wang Y. Zoledronic acid increases the antitumor effect of gefitinib treatment for non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR mutations. Oncol Rep 2016; 35:3460-70. [PMID: 27109760 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations and bone metastases are often concurrently administered tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and bisphosphonates. Yet, the effects and mechanisms of these agents are unclear. In the present study, we aimed to ascertain whether zoledronic acid (ZA) increases the antitumor effects of gefitinib treatment on NSCLC with EGFR mutations and the related mechanisms of action. The effects of ZA and gefitinib on NSCLC tumor cells with EGFR mutations (HCC827, HCC827 GR and H1975) in regards to proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle and signaling pathways were detected. ZA increased the antitumor effects of gefitinib on NSCLC with EGFR activating mutations and TKI resistance in vitro. Gefitinib caused cell cycle arrest in the G0/G1 phase, ZA induced S phase accumulation and the effect of the combined treatment was neutralization. Combined treatment obviously inhibited STAT3 and/or p‑STAT3 protein expression compared with treatment with each single drug in vitro and in vivo, and it also significantly inhibited TKI resistance NSCLC tumor growth in vivo. In conclusion, ZA increased the antitumor effects of gefitinib on NSCLC with EGFR activating mutations and TKI resistance by regulating the cell cycle, inducing caspase-3 expression and inhibiting STAT3 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chengjun Feng
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoke Liu
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Fuchun Guo
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Chuying Huang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Qing Qin
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang X, Wu G, Cao G, Yang L, Xu H, Huang J, Hou J. Zoledronic acid inhibits the pentose phosphate pathway through attenuating the Ras-TAp73-G6PD axis in bladder cancer cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:4620-4625. [PMID: 26126921 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Zoledronic acid (ZA) is the current standard of care for the therapy of patients with bone metastasis or osteoporosis. ZA inhibits the prenylation of small guanosine‑5'-triphosphate (GTP)‑binding proteins, such as Ras, and thus inhibit Ras signaling. The present study demonstrated that ZA inhibited cell proliferation and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) in bladder cancer cells. In addition, the expression of glucose‑6‑phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD, the rate‑limiting enzyme of the PPP) was found to be inhibited by ZA. Furthermore, the stability of TAp73, which activates the expression G6PD was decreased in zoledronic acid treated cells. Decreased levels of Ras‑GTP and phosphorylated‑extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 were also observed following treatment with ZA. This may be due to the fact that activated Ras was reported to stabilize TAp73 inducing its accumulation. The inhibition of Ras activity by PT inhibitor II also significantly reduced the levels of TAp73 and G6PD and the PPP flux. Moreover, knockdown of TAp73, attenuated the PPP flux and eliminated the affection of ZA on the PPP flux. In conclusion, it was proposed that ZA can inhibit stability of TAp73 and attenuate the PPP via blocking Ras signaling in bladder cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| | - Guang Wu
- Department of Urology, First People's Hospital of Wujiang, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215200, P.R. China
| | - Guangxin Cao
- Department of Urology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226361, P.R. China
| | - Lei Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226361, P.R. China
| | - Haifei Xu
- Department of Urology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226361, P.R. China
| | - Jian Huang
- Department of Urology, Nantong Tumor Hospital, Nantong, Jiangsu 226361, P.R. China
| | - Jianquan Hou
- Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Unbiased analysis of pancreatic cancer radiation resistance reveals cholesterol biosynthesis as a novel target for radiosensitisation. Br J Cancer 2014; 111:1139-49. [PMID: 25025965 PMCID: PMC4453840 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2014.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite its promise as a highly useful therapy for pancreatic cancer (PC), the addition of external beam radiation therapy to PC treatment has shown varying success in clinical trials. Understanding PC radioresistance and discovery of methods to sensitise PC to radiation will increase patient survival and improve quality of life. In this study, we identified PC radioresistance-associated pathways using global, unbiased techniques. METHODS Radioresistant cells were generated by sequential irradiation and recovery, and global genome cDNA microarray analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes in radiosensitive and radioresistant cells. Ingenuity pathway analysis was performed to discover cellular pathways and functions associated with differential radioresponse and identify potential small-molecule inhibitors for radiosensitisation. The expression of FDPS, one of the most differentially expressed genes, was determined in human PC tissues by IHC and the impact of its pharmacological inhibition with zoledronic acid (ZOL, Zometa) on radiosensitivity was determined by colony-forming assays. The radiosensitising effect of Zol in vivo was determined using allograft transplantation mouse model. RESULTS Microarray analysis indicated that 11 genes (FDPS, ACAT2, AG2, CLDN7, DHCR7, ELFN2, FASN, SC4MOL, SIX6, SLC12A2, and SQLE) were consistently associated with radioresistance in the cell lines, a majority of which are involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. We demonstrated that knockdown of farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS), a branchpoint enzyme of the cholesterol synthesis pathway, radiosensitised PC cells. FDPS was significantly overexpressed in human PC tumour tissues compared with healthy pancreas samples. Also, pharmacologic inhibition of FDPS by ZOL radiosensitised PC cell lines, with a radiation enhancement ratio between 1.26 and 1.5. Further, ZOL treatment resulted in radiosensitisation of PC tumours in an allograft mouse model. CONCLUSIONS Unbiased pathway analysis of radioresistance allowed for the discovery of novel pathways associated with resistance to ionising radiation in PC. Specifically, our analysis indicates the importance of the cholesterol synthesis pathway in PC radioresistance. Further, a novel radiosensitiser, ZOL, showed promising results and warrants further study into the universality of these findings in PC, as well as the true potential of this drug as a clinical radiosensitiser.
Collapse
|
9
|
Ge XY, Yang LQ, Jiang Y, Yang WW, Fu J, Li SL. Reactive oxygen species and autophagy associated apoptosis and limitation of clonogenic survival induced by zoledronic acid in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line SACC-83. PLoS One 2014; 9:e101207. [PMID: 24963720 PMCID: PMC4071064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma is an epithelial tumor in the head and neck region. Despite its slow growth, patients with salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma exhibit poor long term survival because of a high rate of distant metastasis. Lung and bone are common distant metastasis sites. Zoledronic acid, a third generation bisphosphonate, has been used for tumor-induced osteolysis due to bone metastasis and has direct antitumor activity in several human neoplasms. Here, we observed that zoledronic acid inhibited salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma cell line SACC-83 xenograft tumor growth in nude mice. In vitro, zoledronic acid induced apoptosis and reduced clonogenic survival in SACC-83. Flow cytometry and western blotting indicated that the cell cycle was arrested at G0/G1. Zoledronic acid treatment upregulated reactive oxygen species as well as the autophagy marker protein LC-3B. Reactive oxygen species scavenger N-acetylcysteine and autophagy antagonist 3-methyladenine decreased zoledronic acid-induced apoptosis and increased clonogenic survival. Silencing of the autophagy related gene Beclin-1 also decreased zoledronic acid-induced apoptosis and inhibition of clonogenic formation. In addition, isobolographic analysis revealed synergistic effects on apoptosis when zoledronic acid and paclitaxel/cisplatin were combined. Taken together, our results suggest that zoledronic acid induced apoptosis and reduced clonogenic survival via upregulation of reactive oxygen species and autophagy in the SACC-83 cell line. Thus, zoledronic acid should be considered a promising drug for the treatment of salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xi-Yuan Ge
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lin-Qian Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yang Jiang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wen-Wen Yang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Jia Fu
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
| | - Sheng-Lin Li
- Central Laboratory, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Haidian District, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Bruzzese F, Pucci B, Milone MR, Ciardiello C, Franco R, Chianese MI, Rocco M, Di Gennaro E, Leone A, Luciano A, Arra C, Santini D, Caraglia M, Budillon A. Panobinostat synergizes with zoledronic acid in prostate cancer and multiple myeloma models by increasing ROS and modulating mevalonate and p38-MAPK pathways. Cell Death Dis 2013; 4:e878. [PMID: 24157872 PMCID: PMC3920938 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2013.406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Patients with advanced prostate cancer (PCa) and multiple myeloma (MM) have limited long-term responses to available therapies. The histone deacetylase inhibitor panobinostat has shown significant preclinical and clinical anticancer activity in both hematological and solid malignancies and is currently in phase III trials for relapsed MM. Bisphosphonates (BPs), such as zoledronic acid (ZOL), inhibit osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and are indicated for the treatment of bone metastasis. BPs, including ZOL, have also shown anticancer activity in several preclinical and clinical studies. In the present report, we found a potent synergistic antiproliferative effect of panobinostat/ZOL treatment in three PCa and three MM cell lines as well as in a PCa ZOL-resistant subline, independently of p53/KRAS status, androgen dependency, or the schedule of administration. The synergistic effect was also observed in an anchorage-independent agar assay in both ZOL-sensitive and ZOL-resistant cells and was confirmed in vivo in a PCa xenograft model. The co-administration of the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine blocked the increased reactive oxygen species generation and apoptosis observed in the combination setting compared with control or single-agent treatments, suggesting that oxidative injury plays a functional role in the synergism. Proapoptotic synergy was also partially antagonized by the addition of geranyl-geraniol, which bypasses the inhibition of farnesylpyrophosphate synthase by ZOL in the mevalonate pathway, supporting the involvement of this pathway in the synergy. Finally, at the molecular level, the inhibition of basal and ZOL-induced activation of p38-MAPK by panobinostat in sensitive and ZOL-resistant cells and in tumor xenografts could explain, at least in part, the observed synergism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Bruzzese
- Experimental Pharmacology Unit, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori 'Fondazione Giovanni Pascale'-IRCCS, Napoli, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Recent data suggest that zoledronic acid may significantly augment the radiosensitivity of a number of systemic malignancies, including fibrosarcomas. Oncologists need to be aware of the radiosensitivity-enhancing properties of zoledronic acid.
Collapse
|
12
|
In Reply. Oncologist 2013; 18:e26-7. [DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2013-0235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our meta-analysis provides evidence that zoledronic acid in the adjuvant breast cancer setting may increase survival. Additional data from basic research and clinical trials in the future will help us interpret its role with more confidence.
Collapse
|