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Solovev YV, Evpak AS, Kudriaeva AA, Gabibov AG, Belogurov AA. Evaluation of Clinically Significant miRNAs Level by Machine Learning Approaches Utilizing Total Transcriptome Data. DOKL BIOCHEM BIOPHYS 2024; 516:98-106. [PMID: 38539010 DOI: 10.1134/s1607672924700790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Analysis of the mechanisms underlying the occurrence and progression of cancer represents a key objective in contemporary clinical bioinformatics and molecular biology. Utilizing omics data, particularly transcriptomes, enables a detailed characterization of expression patterns and post-transcriptional regulation across various RNA types relative to the entire transcriptome. Here, we assembled a dataset comprising transcriptomic data from approximately 16 000 patients encompassing over 160 types of cancer. We employed state-of-the-art gradient boosting algorithms to discern intricate correlations in the expression levels of four clinically significant microRNAs, specifically, hsa-mir-21, hsa-let-7a-1, hsa-let-7b, and hsa-let-7i, with the expression levels of the remaining 60 660 unique RNAs. Our analysis revealed a dependence of the expression levels of the studied microRNAs on the concentrations of several small nucleolar RNAs and regulatory long noncoding RNAs. Notably, the roles of these RNAs in the development of specific cancer types had been previously established through experimental evidence. Subsequent evaluation of the created database will facilitate the identification of a broader spectrum of overarching dependencies related to changes in the expression levels of various RNA classes in diverse cancers. In future, it will make possible to discover unique alterations specific to certain types of malignant transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya V Solovev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A S Evpak
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - A A Kudriaeva
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - A G Gabibov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A A Belogurov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry, 127473, Moscow, Russia
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Lian Z, Yu SR, Cui YX, Li SF, Su L, Song JX, Lee CY, Chen QX, Chen H. Rosuvastatin Enhances Lymphangiogenesis after Myocardial Infarction by Regulating the miRNAs/Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 3 (miRNAs/VEGFR3) Pathway. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:335-347. [PMID: 38357274 PMCID: PMC10863446 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several clinical studies have suggested that the early administration of statins could reduce the risk of in-hospital mortality in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. Recently, some studies have identified that stimulating lymphangiogenesis after AMI could improve cardiac function by reducing myocardial edema and inflammation. This study aimed to identify the effect of rosuvastatin on postinfarct lymphangiogenesis and to identify the underlying mechanism of this effect. METHOD Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery in mice orally administered rosuvastatin for 7 days. The changes in cardiac function, pathology, and lymphangiogenesis following MI were measured by echocardiography and immunostaining. EdU, Matrigel tube formation, and scratch wound assays were used to evaluate the effect of rosuvastatin on the proliferation, tube formation, and migration of the lymphatic endothelial cell line SVEC4-10. The expression of miR-107-3p, miR-491-5p, and VEGFR3 was measured by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Western blotting. A gain-of-function study was performed using miR-107-3p and miR-491-5p mimics. RESULTS The rosuvastatin-treated mice had a significantly improved ejection fraction and increased lymphatic plexus density 7 days after MI. Rosuvastatin also reduced myocardial edema and inflammatory response after MI. We used a VEGFR3 inhibitor to partially reverse these effects. Rosuvastatin promoted the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of SVEC4-10 cells. PCR and Western blot analyses revealed that rosuvastatin intervention downregulated miR-107-3p and miR-491-5p and promoted VEGFR3 expression. The gain-of-function study showed that miR-107-3p and miR-491-5p could inhibit the proliferation, migration, and tube formation of SVEC4-10 cells. CONCLUSION Rosuvastatin could improve heart function by promoting lymphangiogenesis after MI by regulating the miRNAs/VEGFR3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Lian
- Cardiovascular
Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital
Medical University, Xihuan South Road No. 2, Economic-Technological
Development Area, Beijing 100176, China
- Department
of Cardiology, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial
Infarction, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South
Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Center
for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Shi-Ran Yu
- Department
of Cardiology, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial
Infarction, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South
Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Center
for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yu-Xia Cui
- Department
of Cardiology, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial
Infarction, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South
Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Center
for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Su-Fang Li
- Department
of Cardiology, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial
Infarction, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South
Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Center
for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Li−Na Su
- Department
of Cardiology, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial
Infarction, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South
Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Center
for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Jun-Xian Song
- Department
of Cardiology, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial
Infarction, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South
Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Center
for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chong-Yoo Lee
- Department
of Cardiology, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial
Infarction, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South
Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Center
for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Qi-Xin Chen
- Department
of Cardiology, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial
Infarction, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South
Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Center
for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Hong Chen
- Department
of Cardiology, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Beijing
Key Laboratory of Early Prediction and Intervention of Acute Myocardial
Infarction, Peking University People’s
Hospital, Xizhimen South
Road No. 11, Xicheng District, Beijing 100044, China
- Center
for Cardiovascular Translational Research, Peking University People’s Hospital, Xizhimen South Road No. 11, Xicheng
District, Beijing 100044, China
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Lin Z, Radaeva M, Cherkasov A, Dong X. Lin28 Regulates Cancer Cell Stemness for Tumour Progression. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4640. [PMID: 36230562 PMCID: PMC9564245 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumours develop therapy resistance through complex mechanisms, one of which is that cancer stem cell (CSC) populations within the tumours present self-renewable capability and phenotypical plasticity to endure therapy-induced stress conditions and allow tumour progression to the therapy-resistant state. Developing therapeutic strategies to cope with CSCs requires a thorough understanding of the critical drivers and molecular mechanisms underlying the aforementioned processes. One such hub regulator of stemness is Lin28, an RNA-binding protein. Lin28 blocks the synthesis of let-7, a tumour-suppressor microRNA, and acts as a global regulator of cell differentiation and proliferation. Lin28also targets messenger RNAs and regulates protein translation. In this review, we explain the role of the Lin28/let-7 axis in establishing stemness, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and glucose metabolism reprogramming. We also highlight the role of Lin28 in therapy-resistant prostate cancer progression and discuss the emergence of Lin28-targeted therapeutics and screening methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuohui Lin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
- Faculty of Food and Land Systems, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Mariia Radaeva
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Artem Cherkasov
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
| | - Xuesen Dong
- The Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H 3Z6, Canada
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Ma Y, Shen N, Wicha MS, Luo M. The Roles of the Let-7 Family of MicroRNAs in the Regulation of Cancer Stemness. Cells 2021; 10:cells10092415. [PMID: 34572067 PMCID: PMC8469079 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer has long been viewed as a disease of normal development gone awry. Cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), also termed as tumor-initiating cells (TICs), are increasingly recognized as a critical tumor cell population that drives not only tumorigenesis but also cancer progression, treatment resistance and metastatic relapse. The let-7 family of microRNAs (miRNAs), first identified in C. elegans but functionally conserved from worms to human, constitutes an important class of regulators for diverse cellular functions ranging from cell proliferation, differentiation and pluripotency to cancer development and progression. Here, we review the current state of knowledge regarding the roles of let-7 miRNAs in regulating cancer stemness. We outline several key RNA-binding proteins, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) involved in the regulation of let-7 biogenesis, maturation and function. We then highlight key gene targets and signaling pathways that are regulated or mutually regulated by the let-7 family of miRNAs to modulate CSC characteristics in various types of cancer. We also summarize the existing evidence indicating distinct metabolic pathways regulated by the let-7 miRNAs to impact CSC self-renewal, differentiation and treatment resistance. Lastly, we review current preclinical studies and discuss the clinical implications for developing let-7-based replacement strategies as potential cancer therapeutics that can be delivered through different platforms to target CSCs and reduce/overcome treatment resistance when applied alone or in combination with current chemo/radiation or molecularly targeted therapies. By specifically targeting CSCs, these strategies have the potential to significantly improve the efficacy of cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxi Ma
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.M.); (N.S.)
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Na Shen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.M.); (N.S.)
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Max S. Wicha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.M.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Ming Luo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; (Y.M.); (N.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.S.W.); (M.L.)
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Wang Q, Wang H, Jing Q, Yang Y, Xue D, Hao C, Zhang W. Regulation of Pancreatic Fibrosis by Acinar Cell-Derived Exosomal miR-130a-3p via Targeting of Stellate Cell PPAR-γ. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:461-477. [PMID: 33658824 PMCID: PMC7917364 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s299298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction As endogenous miRNA carriers, exosomes play a role in the pathophysiological processes of various diseases. However, their functions and regulation mechanisms in pancreatic fibrosis remain unclear. Methods In this study, an RNA microarray was used to detect differentially expressed exosomal miR-130a-3p in AR42J cells before and after taurolithocholate (TLC) treatment. mRNA-seq was used to screen differentially expressed genes before and after pancreatic stellate cell (PSC) activation. We used the STRING database to construct a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for differentially expressed genes, used CytoNCA to analyze the centrality of the PPI network, and identified 10 essential proteins in the biological network. Then, the TargetScan and miRanda databases were used to predict the target genes of miR-130a-3p. The intersections of the target genes and the mRNAs encoding the 10 essential proteins were identified to construct miR-130a-3p/peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) pairs. Fluorescence labeling of exosomes and dynamic tracing showed that exosomes can fuse with the cell membranes of PSCs and transport miR-130a-3p into PSCs. A luciferase reporter gene assay was used to confirm that miR-130a-3p can bind to PPAR-γ to inhibit PPAR-γ expression. In vitro and in vivo functional experiments were performed for gain-of-function studies and loss-of-function studies, respectively. Results The studies showed that acinar cell-derived exosomal miR-130a-3p promotes PSC activation and collagen formation through targeting of stellate cellular PPAR-γ. Knockdown of miR-130a-3p significantly improved pancreatic fibrosis. Notably, miR-130a-3p knockdown reduced serum levels of hyaluronic acid (HA) and β-amylase and increased the C-peptide level to protect endocrine and exocrine pancreatic functions and the function of endothelial cells. Conclusion This study revealed that the exosomal miR-130a-3p/PPAR-γ axis participates in PSC activation and the mechanism of chronic pancreatitis (CP) with fibrosis, thus providing a potential new target for the treatment of chronic pancreatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingxu Jing
- Department of General Surgery, Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongbo Xue
- Department of General Surgery, Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenjun Hao
- Department of General Surgery, Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihui Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Laboratory of Hepatosplenic Surgery, Ministry of Education, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, People's Republic of China
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LncRNA TP73-AS1 sponges miR-141-3p to promote the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells through the up-regulation of BDH2. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20181937. [PMID: 30643007 PMCID: PMC6418400 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20181937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
LncRNA TP73 antisense RNA 1T (TP73-AS1) plays an important role in human malignancies. However, the levels of TP73-AS1 and its functional mechanisms in pancreatic cancer metastasis remain unknown, and the clinical significance of TP73-AS1 in human pancreatic cancer is also unclear. In the present study, the levels of TP73-AS1 and its candidate target miR-141 in pancreatic cancer and adjacent normal tissue were detected using qRT-PCR. The association between TP73-AS1 levels and the clinicopathologic characteristics of pancreatic cancer patients were analyzed. The relationship between TP73-AS1 and miR-141, and miR-141 and its candidate target 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase type 2 (BDH2) was confirmed using dual-luciferase reporter assays. TP73-AS1 and/or miR-141 were knocked down using siRNA or an inhibitor in pancreatic cancer cells and cell migration and invasion then examined. The results showed that TP73-AS1 was up-regulated in pancreatic cancer tissue and cell lines. High levels of TP73-AS1 were correlated with poor clinicopathological characteristics and shorter overall survival. MiR-141 was a direct target for TP73-AS1, while BDH2 was a direct target for miR-141. The knockdown of TP73-AS1 significantly inhibited the migration and invasion of pancreatic cancer cells, while the miR-141 inhibitor significantly restored the migration and invasion. Therefore, TP73-AS1 positively regulated BDH2 expression by sponging miR-141. These findings suggest that TP73-AS1 serves as an oncogene and promotes the metastasis of pancreatic cancer. Moreover, TP73-AS1 could serve as a predictor and a potential drug biotarget for pancreatic cancer.
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Abstract
MicroRNAs are short regulatory RNAs that posttranscriptionally modulate gene expression and thus play crucial roles in controlling cancer-onset, growth, and progression processes. miR107, a highly conserved microRNA that maps to intron 5 of the PANK1 gene, contributes to the regulation of normal and tumor biological processes. Studies have reported that miR107 has oncogenic or tumor-suppressor functions in different human tumors. The pleiotropic functions of miR107 in various cancers are achieved via its targeting different genes that are involved in tumor proliferation, invasiveness, metastasis, angiogenesis, and chemotherapy-response pathways. The carcinogenicity or cancer-suppressor effects of miR107 occur in a tissue- and cell-specific manner, and the expression level of miR107 can be affected by various factors, including epigenetic and genetic factors, treatment exposure, and daily diet. A comprehensive analysis of the current literature suggests that miR107 functions as a central element in the regulation of cancer networks and can be used as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker and drug target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiying Luo
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Province Maternal and Child Health, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China, .,Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China,
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Zhou WJ, Yang HL, Chang KK, Meng Y, Wang MY, Yuan MM, Li MQ, Xie F. Human thymic stromal lymphopoietin promotes the proliferation and invasion of cervical cancer cells by downregulating microRNA-132 expression. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:7910-7916. [PMID: 29250181 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.7260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP), produced by cervical cancer (CC) cells, promotes angiogenesis, and the recruitment and functional regulation of eosinophils. It has been reported that microRNA (miR)-132 is aberrantly decreased in CC tissues. However, the function and mechanism of TSLP on the biological behaviors of CC cells is largely unknown. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of TSLP on the expression of miR-132 and the proliferation and invasion in vitro of CC cell lines, namely, HeLa and SiHa cells. The transcrpitional level of miR-132 was analyzed using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chaon reaction. The proliferation, invasion, and the expression of proliferation and invasion-related molecules in HeLa and SiHa cells in vitro were evaluated using bromodeoxyuridine cell proliferation, Matrigel invasion assays, flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. Here, it was revealed that recombinant human TSLP (rhTSLP) downregulated the expression levels of miR-132 in HeLa and SiHa cells, and by contrast, the neutralizing antibodies for TSLP or TSLP receptor (TSLPR) upregulated miR-132 expression levels in HeLa and SiHa cells. The overexpression of miR-132 resulted in a lowered proliferation and invasiveness, decreased levels of proliferation-associated molecules marker of proliferation Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen, and the decreased production of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9 in HeLa and SiHa cells. Compared with the control group, there was a higher level of proliferation and invasion in HeLa and SiHa cells following stimulation with rhTSLP. However, these effects induced by rhTSLP were significantly impaired in HeLa and SiHa cells with miR-132 overexpression. The results of the present study indicated that TSLP produced by CC cells downregulated miR-132 expression, and stimulated the proliferation and invasion of CC cells, thereby further promoting the development of CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Jie Zhou
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Hui-Li Yang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Kai-Kai Chang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Yi Meng
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Yan Wang
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Min-Min Yuan
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Ming-Qing Li
- Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
| | - Feng Xie
- Medical Center of Diagnosis and Treatment for Cervical Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
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Sleightholm RL, Neilsen BK, Li J, Steele MM, Singh RK, Hollingsworth MA, Oupicky D. Emerging roles of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis in pancreatic cancer progression and therapy. Pharmacol Ther 2017; 179:158-170. [PMID: 28549596 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2017.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Chemokine networks regulate a variety of cellular, physiological, and immune processes. These normal functions can become appropriated by cancer cells to facilitate a more hospitable niche for aberrant cells by enhancing growth, proliferation, and metastasis. This is especially true in pancreatic cancer, where chemokine signaling is a vital component in the development of the supportive tumor microenvironment and the signaling between the cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells. Although expression patterns vary among cancer types, the chemokine receptor CXCR4 has been implicated in nearly every major malignancy and plays a prominent role in pancreatic cancer development and progression. This receptor, in conjunction with its primary chemokine ligand CXCL12, promotes pancreatic cancer development, invasion, and metastasis through the management of the tumor microenvironment via complex crosstalk with other pathways. Thus, CXCR4 likely contributes to the poor prognoses observed in patients afflicted with this malignancy. Recent exploration of combination therapies with CXCR4 antagonists have demonstrated improved outcomes, and abolishing the contribution of this pathway may prove crucial to effectively treat pancreatic cancer at both the primary tumor and metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard L Sleightholm
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Beth K Neilsen
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Maria M Steele
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Rakesh K Singh
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Michael A Hollingsworth
- Eppley Institute, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985950 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - David Oupicky
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 985830 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Xu YF, Hannafon BN, Ding WQ. microRNA regulation of human pancreatic cancer stem cells. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 4:5. [PMID: 28217707 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.01.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non-coding RNAs that function primarily in the post transcriptional regulation of gene expression in plants and animals. Deregulation of miRNA expression in cancer cells, including pancreatic cancer cells, is well documented, and the involvement of miRNAs in orchestrating tumor genesis and cancer progression has been recognized. This review focuses on recent reports demonstrating that miRNAs are involved in regulation of pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs). A number of miRNA species have been identified to be involved in regulating pancreatic CSCs, including miR-21, miR-34, miR-1246, miR-221, the miR-17-92 cluster, the miR-200 and let-7 families. Furthermore, the Notch-signaling pathway and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process are associated with miRNA regulation of pancreatic CSCs. Given the significant contribution of CSCs to chemo-resistance and tumor progression, a better understanding of how miRNAs function in pancreatic CSCs could provide novel strategies for the development of therapeutics and diagnostics for this devastating disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Fan Xu
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Bethany N Hannafon
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
| | - Wei-Qun Ding
- Department of Pathology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, OK 73104, USA
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11
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Dandawate PR, Subramaniam D, Jensen RA, Anant S. Targeting cancer stem cells and signaling pathways by phytochemicals: Novel approach for breast cancer therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 40-41:192-208. [PMID: 27609747 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common form of cancer diagnosed in women worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA. Despite the development of newer diagnostic methods, selective as well as targeted chemotherapies and their combinations, surgery, hormonal therapy, radiotherapy, breast cancer recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance are still the major problems for breast cancer. Emerging evidence suggest the existence of cancer stem cells (CSCs), a population of cells with the capacity to self-renew, differentiate and be capable of initiating and sustaining tumor growth. In addition, CSCs are believed to be responsible for cancer recurrence, anticancer drug resistance, and metastasis. Hence, compounds targeting breast CSCs may be better therapeutic agents for treating breast cancer and control recurrence and metastasis. Naturally occurring compounds, mainly phytochemicals have gained immense attention in recent times because of their wide safety profile, ability to target heterogeneous populations of cancer cells as well as CSCs, and their key signaling pathways. Therefore, in the present review article, we summarize our current understanding of breast CSCs and their signaling pathways, and the phytochemicals that affect these cells including curcumin, resveratrol, tea polyphenols (epigallocatechin-3-gallate, epigallocatechin), sulforaphane, genistein, indole-3-carbinol, 3, 3'-di-indolylmethane, vitamin E, retinoic acid, quercetin, parthenolide, triptolide, 6-shogaol, pterostilbene, isoliquiritigenin, celastrol, and koenimbin. These phytochemicals may serve as novel therapeutic agents for breast cancer treatment and future leads for drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad R Dandawate
- Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Dharmalingam Subramaniam
- Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Roy A Jensen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Shrikant Anant
- Department of Surgery, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA; The University of Kansas Cancer Center, The University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
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12
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Zhang X, Tang W, Li R, He R, Gan T, Luo Y, Chen G, Rong M. Downregulation of microRNA-132 indicates progression in hepatocellular carcinoma. Exp Ther Med 2016; 12:2095-2101. [PMID: 27698698 PMCID: PMC5038555 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2016.3613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although miR-132 has been studied in various human tumors, few studies have investigated the role of miR-132 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The present study aimed to evaluate the associations between miR-132 and clinicopathological parameters, including recurrence, in patients with HCC. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis was used to detect the expression levels of miR-132 in 95 cases of HCC and their corresponding non-cancerous liver tissues. Th e associations between miR-132 expression levels and clinicopathological characteristics, including recurrence, were investigated in patients with HCC. miR-132 expression levels were significantly reduced in HCC tissues, as compared with adjacent non-cancerous tissues (1.9245±0.7564 vs. 2.7326±1.1475; P<0.001). The area under curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) used to distinguish cancerous and non-cancerous tissues was 0.711 for miR-132 expression (95% confidence interval, 0.637-0.785; P<0.001) and the optimal cut-off value was 2.25. Expression levels of miR-132 were significantly reduced in the distant metastasis (P=0.031), advanced clinical TNM stage (P=0.022), hepatitis B virus-positive (P<0.001), NM23-expressed (P=0.034), high Ki-67 labeling index (LI; P=0.005) and tumor infiltration or no capsule groups (P=0.026). Spearman correlation analysis demonstrated that miR-132 was significantly correlated with hepatitis B virus infection (r=-0.351; P<0.001), NM23 (r=-0.220; P=0.032), Ki-67 LI (r=-0.264; P=0.010) and tumor capsule (r=-0.207; P=0.044). Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test indicated an approximate difference of 8 months, although miR-132 may exhibit inferior values for the prediction of recurrence in HCC patients (50.95 vs. 58.68 months; P=0.512). Therefore, the findings of the present study indicated that miR-132 is downregulated in HCC and may serve as a tumor suppressor in its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Ruishan Li
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Rongquan He
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Tingqing Gan
- Department of Medical Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Yihuan Luo
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
| | - Minhua Rong
- Research Department, Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, P.R. China
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13
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Hawa Z, Haque I, Ghosh A, Banerjee S, Harris L, Banerjee SK. The miRacle in Pancreatic Cancer by miRNAs: Tiny Angels or Devils in Disease Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E809. [PMID: 27240340 PMCID: PMC4926343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17060809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Revised: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with increasing incidence and high mortality. Surgical resection is the only potentially curative treatment of patients with PDAC. Because of the late presentation of the disease, about 20 percent of patients are candidates for this treatment. The average survival of resected patients is between 12 and 20 months, with a high probability of relapse. Standard chemo and radiation therapies do not offer significant improvement of the survival of these patients. Furthermore, novel treatment options aimed at targeting oncogenes or growth factors in pancreatic cancer have proved unsuccessful. Thereby, identifying new biomarkers that can detect early stages of this disease is of critical importance. Among these biomarkers, microRNAs (miRNAs) have supplied a profitable recourse and become an attractive focus of research in PDAC. MiRNAs regulate many genes involved in the development of PDAC through mRNA degradation or translation inhibition. The possibility of intervention in the molecular mechanisms of miRNAs regulation could begin a new generation of PDAC therapies. This review summarizes the reports describing miRNAs involvement in cellular processes involving pancreatic carcinogenesis and their utility in diagnosis, survival and therapeutic potential in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuhair Hawa
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
| | - Inamul Haque
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
| | - Snigdha Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
| | - LaCoiya Harris
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
| | - Sushanta K Banerjee
- Cancer Research Unit, VA Medical Center, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66205, USA.
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14
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miR-128 regulates differentiation of hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells into smooth muscle cells by targeting SMAD2. Acta Histochem 2016; 118:393-400. [PMID: 27087048 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human hair follicle mesenchymal stem cells (hHFMSCs) are an important source of cardiovascular tissue engineering for their differentiation potential into smooth muscle cells (SMCs), yet the molecular pathways underlying such fate determination is unclear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that play critical roles in cell differentiation. In present study, we found that miR-128 was remarkably decreased during the differentiation of hHFMSCs into SMCs induced by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1). Moreover, overexpression of miR-128 led to decreased expression of SMC cellular marker proteins, such as smooth muscle actin (SMA) and calponin, in TGF-β1-induced SMC differentiation. Further, we identified that miR-128 targeted the 3'-UTR of SMAD2 transcript for translational inhibition of SMAD2 protein, and knockdown of SMAD2 abrogated the promotional effect of antagomir-128 (miR-128 neutralizer) on SMC differentiation. These results suggest that miR-128 regulates the differentiation of hHFMSCs into SMCs via targeting SMAD2, a main transcription regulator in TGF-β signaling pathway involving SMC differentiation. The miR-128/SMAD2 axis could therefore be considered as a candidate target in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine for SMCs.
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Sancho P, Alcala S, Usachov V, Hermann PC, Sainz B. The ever-changing landscape of pancreatic cancer stem cells. Pancreatology 2016; 16:489-96. [PMID: 27161173 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, the cancer stem cell (CSC) concept in solid tumors has gained enormous momentum as an attractive model to explain tumor heterogeneity. The model proposes that tumors contain a subpopulation of rare cancer cells with stem-like properties that maintain the hierarchy of the tumor and drive tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and chemoresistance. The identification and subsequent isolation of CSCs in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) in 2007 provided enormous insight into this extremely metastatic and chemoresistant tumor and renewed hope for developing more specific therapies against this disease. Unfortunately, we have made only marginal advances in applying the knowledge learned to the development of new and more effective treatments for pancreatic cancer. The latter has been partly due to the lack of adequate in vitro and in vivo systems compounded by the use of markers that do not reproducibly nor exclusively select for an enriched CSC population. Thus, attempts to define a pancreatic CSC-specific genetic, epigenetic or proteomic signature has been challenging. Fortunately recent advances in the CSC field have overcome many of these challenges and have opened up new opportunities for developing therapies that target the CSC population. In this review, we discuss these current advances, specifically new methods for the identification and isolation of pancreatic CSCs, new insights into the metabolic profile of CSCs at the level of mitochondrial respiration, and the utility of genetically engineered mouse models as surrogate systems to both study CSC biology and evaluate CSC-specific targeted therapies in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Sancho
- Stem Cells in Cancer & Ageing, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, UK
| | - Sonia Alcala
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Enfermedades Crónicas y Cáncer Area, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Bruno Sainz
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain; Enfermedades Crónicas y Cáncer Area, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
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Li W, Jiang P, Sun X, Xu S, Ma X, Zhan R. Suppressing H19 Modulates Tumorigenicity and Stemness in U251 and U87MG Glioma Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 36:1219-1227. [PMID: 26983719 PMCID: PMC5047947 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a type of malignant carcinoma found in the brain. Its high frequency of occurrence and poor survival rate have garnered much research attention in recent years. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to be related to the formation and progression of several cancer types by both promoting and suppressing tumor transformation. H19 is one such lncRNA and has been shown to be upregulated in a few types of cancer. In this study, we discovered that the expression of H19 increased in GBM cell lines. H19 knocked down GBM cells also displayed decreased cellular proliferation and a higher apoptosis rate when induced by temozolomide. Interestingly, the GBM cell lines U87MG and U251 were found to express cancer stem cell markers CD133, NANOG, Oct4 and Sox2. Expression of these markers was downregulated in H19-deficient cells. Collectively, these data suggest a role for H19 in contributing to GBM malignancy and the maintenance of its stem cell properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Li
- Neurosurgery Department, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | | | | | - Shujun Xu
- Neurosurgery Department, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangyu Ma
- Neurosurgery Department, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Rucai Zhan
- Neurosurgery Department of No. 3 Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
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17
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Ning MS, Andl T. Concise review: custodians of the transcriptome: how microRNAs guard stemness in squamous epithelia. Stem Cells 2016; 33:1047-54. [PMID: 25524325 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
At the core of every dynamic epithelium resides a population of carefully regulated stem cells ensuring its maintenance and balance. The complex mammalian epidermis is no exception to this rule. The last decade has delivered a wealth of knowledge regarding the biology of adult stem cells, but questions still remain regarding the intricate details of their function and maintenance. To help address these gaps, we turn to the small, single-stranded RNA molecules known as microRNAs. Since their discovery, microRNAs have provided us with novel insights and ground-breaking impulses to enhance our understanding of the biological sciences. Due to their unique role in post-transcriptional regulation, microRNAs are essential to cutaneous biology as well as the epidermal stem cell. By serving as buffers to balance between epithelial stemness, proliferation, and differentiation, microRNAs play essential roles in the maintenance of cutaneous stem cells and their transition out of the stem cell compartment. Following an updated overview of microRNA biology, we summarize the current knowledge of the role of microRNAs in cutaneous stem cells, focusing on three major players that have dominated the recent literature: miR-205, miR-203, and miR-125b. We then review clinical applications, discussing the potential of microRNAs as therapeutic targets in regenerative and oncological stem cell-based medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew S Ning
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
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18
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Ying X, Jing L, Ma S, Li Q, Luo X, Pan Z, Feng Y, Feng P. GSK3β mediates pancreatic cancer cell invasion in vitro via the CXCR4/MMP-2 Pathway. Cancer Cell Int 2015. [PMID: 26213494 PMCID: PMC4513390 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-015-0216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK3β) expression and activity are upregulated in pancreatic cancer tissues. In our previous study, we found that stromal cell-derived factor-1/ chemokine receptor C-X-C motif chemokine receptor 4 (SDF-1α/CXCR4) upregulated matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and promoted invasion in PANC1 and SW-1990 pancreatic cancer cells by activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK). Additionally, inhibition of GSK3β reduced MMP-2 secretion. METHODS To investigate the molecular mechanism of GSK3β in pancreatic cancer tissues, we created stable PANC1 cells up-regulation of GSK3β by transfecting GSK3β overexpression plasmid, and down-regulation of GSK3β using two different types of RNA interference. RESULTS Western blotting showed that overexpression of GSK3β up-regulated CXCR4 and MMP-2 expression; suppression of GSK3β down-regulated CXCR4 and MMP-2 protein expression. Up-regulation of MMP2 induced by overexpression of GSK3β was blocked by inhibition of CXCR4. Overexpression of GSK3β promoted PANC1 cell invasion, and down-regulation of GSK3β suppressed PANC1 cell invasion in the transwell invasion assays. However, inhibition of CXCR4 using shRNA attenuated the ability of GSK3β to promote PANC1 cell invasion. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated that GSK3β promotes PANC1 cell invasion via the CXCR4/MMP-2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ying
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300 People's Republic of China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Hepatology, Huai'an Fourth People's Hospital, No.128, Yan an East Road, Qing pu District, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300 People's Republic of China
| | - Shijie Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300 People's Republic of China
| | - Qianjun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoling Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenguo Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300 People's Republic of China
| | - Yanling Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300 People's Republic of China
| | - Pan Feng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 6 Beijing Road West, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223300 People's Republic of China
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Singh D, Upadhyay G, Srivastava RK, Shankar S. Recent advances in pancreatic cancer: biology, treatment, and prevention. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2015; 1856:13-27. [PMID: 25977074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in United States. Efforts have been made towards the development of the viable solution for its treatment with constrained accomplishment because of its complex biology. It is well established that pancreatic cancer stem cells (CSCs), albeit present in a little count, contribute incredibly to PC initiation, progression, and metastasis. Customary chemo and radiotherapeutic alternatives, however, expands general survival, the related side effects are the significant concern. Amid the most recent decade, our insight about molecular and cellular pathways involved in PC and role of CSCs in its progression has increased enormously. Presently the focus is to target CSCs. The herbal products have gained much consideration recently as they, usually, sensitize CSCs to chemotherapy and target molecular signaling involved in various tumors including PC. Some planned studies have indicated promising results proposing that examinations in this course have a lot to offer for the treatment of PC. Although preclinical studies uncovered the importance of herbal products in attenuating pancreatic carcinoma, limited studies have been conducted to evaluate their role in clinics. The present review provides a new insight to recent advances in pancreatic cancer biology, treatment and current status of herbal products in its anticipation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Singh
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - Ghanshyam Upadhyay
- Department of Biology, City College of New York, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA.
| | - Rakesh K Srivastava
- Kansas City VA Medical Center, 4801 Linwood Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA.
| | - Sharmila Shankar
- Kansas City VA Medical Center, 4801 Linwood Boulevard, Kansas City, MO 64128, USA; Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA.
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20
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Zhang L, Ma P, Sun LM, Han YC, Li BL, Mi XY, Wang EH, Song M. MiR-107 down-regulates SIAH1 expression in human breast cancer cells and silencing of miR-107 inhibits tumor growth in a nude mouse model of triple-negative breast cancer. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:768-77. [PMID: 25851994 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Revised: 02/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
We have reported that SIAH1 is down-regulated and associated with apoptosis and invasion in human breast cancer. However, the molecular mechanisms leading to SIAH1 down-regulation remain to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that miR-107 directly down-regulates SIAH1 expression in human breast cancer cells. Over- expression of miR-107 reduced SIAH1 expression, promoted human breast cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, and inhibited apoptosis. On the contrary, silencing of miR-107 increased SIAH1 expression and inhibited the tumor growth of MDA-MB-231 cells, a kind of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, in vitro and in vivo. Our results reveal that miR-107 is an upstream regulator for SIAH1 down-regulation in human breast cancer cells and miR-107 provides a potential effective target for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Ping Ma
- The second laboratory of Cancer Research Institute, First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Li-Mei Sun
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan-Chun Han
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Bai-Lin Li
- Department of Chemistry, College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Yi Mi
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - En-Hua Wang
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, China
| | - Min Song
- Department of Pathology, First Affiliated Hospital and College of Basic Medical Sciences, China Medical University, Heping District, Shenyang, China
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21
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Liu Z, Luo G, Guo M, Jin K, Xiao Z, Liu L, Liu C, Xu J, Ni Q, Long J, Yu X. Lymph node status predicts the benefit of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for patients with resected pancreatic cancer. Pancreatology 2015; 15:253-8. [PMID: 25921232 DOI: 10.1016/j.pan.2015.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 01/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy in pancreatic cancer remains limited. The primary aim of this study was to determine the prediction of lymph node (LN) status to the benefit of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy for patients with resected pancreatic adenocarcinoma. METHODS Between December 2010 and December 2012, a total of 152 patients undergoing curative R0 resection for pancreatic adenocarcinoma from multi-institutions were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS Overall median survival was 16.3 months. Sixty-four patients (42.1%) received adjuvant chemoradiotherapy, whereas 88 (57.9%) did not receive adjuvant therapy after surgery. Patients who received chemoradiotherapy could achieve an improved median OS compared with surgery alone (20.3 versus 13.9 months, p=0.027). Stratified by different lymph node status, multivariate analysis demonstrated the benefit of adjuvant chemoradiotherapy was only seen among patients with lymphatic positive disease (HR = 0.54, 95% CI, 0.33-0.88; p=0.014), not lymphatic negative disease (HR = 0.80, 95% CI, 0.44-1.46; p=0. 468). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests adjuvant chemoradiotherapy is associated with a significant improvement of survival only in patients with LN-positive disease, while the effects of chemoradiotherapy on patients with LN-negative disease may be limited. This study may add incremental knowledge of the role of lymph node status in offering treatment with adjuvant chemoradiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqiang Liu
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Guopei Luo
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Meng Guo
- Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Kaizhou Jin
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Zhiwen Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Quanxing Ni
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Jiang Long
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
| | - Xianjun Yu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, PR China.
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22
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Zhao Y, Zhao L, Ischenko I, Bao Q, Schwarz B, Nieß H, Wang Y, Renner A, Mysliwietz J, Jauch KW, Nelson PJ, Ellwart JW, Bruns CJ, Camaj P. Antisense inhibition of microRNA-21 and microRNA-221 in tumor-initiating stem-like cells modulates tumorigenesis, metastasis, and chemotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer. Target Oncol 2015; 10:535-48. [PMID: 25639539 DOI: 10.1007/s11523-015-0360-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Our preliminary studies identified a small population side population (SP) cells in pancreatic cancer cells with stem cell-like properties, which were able to induce fast and aggressive tumor formation in nude mice. Gene expression analysis showed a significant difference in the expression of more than 1,300 genes in SP cells, among which a highly significant difference in microRNA expression of miR-21 and miR-221 between SP and NSP cells was identified. SP cells were identified and characterized by flow cytometry using Hoechst 33342 dye staining from a highly metastatic human pancreatic cancer cell line (L3.6pl). Antagomir transfection was performed using miRNA-21 and miRNA-221 antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) and followed by detection of cell apoptosis, cell cycle progression, chemosensitivity, and invasion. Sorted SP cells from gemcitabine-resistant L3.6pl cells (L3.6pl(Gres)-SP) cells were orthotopically implanted in nude mice with or without miRNA-21 and miRNA-221 ASOs mono- and combination therapy. The administration of antagomir-21 and antagomir-221 significantly reduced the SP cell fraction, decreased SP cell differentiation, and downstream gene regulation, and thereby induced reduction of L3.6pl cell proliferation, invasion, and chemoresistance against gemcitabine and 5-Fluorouracil. Combination of ASOs therapy against miRNA-21 and miRNA-221 significantly inhibited primary tumor growth and metastasis compared to single antagomir treatment, especially, in L3.6plGres-SP-induced pancreatic tumor growth in vivo. These findings further indicate that the inhibition of miR-21 and miR-221 appear particularly suitable to target stem-like subpopulations and address their specific biological function to promote tumor progression in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral und Vascular Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
| | - Lu Zhao
- Department of General, Visceral und Vascular Surgery, University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Ivan Ischenko
- Department of General, Visceral und Vascular Surgery, University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Qi Bao
- Department of General, Visceral und Vascular Surgery, University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Bettina Schwarz
- Department of General, Visceral und Vascular Surgery, University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Hanno Nieß
- Department of General, Visceral und Vascular Surgery, University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of General, Visceral und Vascular Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Andrea Renner
- Department of General, Visceral und Vascular Surgery, University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Josef Mysliwietz
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Karl-Walter Jauch
- Department of General, Visceral und Vascular Surgery, University of Munich, Campus Grosshadern, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter J Nelson
- Clinical Biochemistry Group, Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik IV, University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joachim W Ellwart
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Center Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane J Bruns
- Department of General, Visceral und Vascular Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Peter Camaj
- Department of General, Visceral und Vascular Surgery, Otto-von-Guericke University, Leipziger Strasse 44, 39120, Magdeburg, Germany.
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23
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Clinical implications of miRNAs in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of pancreatic cancer. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 81:16-33. [PMID: 25453266 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2014.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite considerable progress being made in understanding pancreatic cancer (PC) pathogenesis, it still remains the 10th most often diagnosed malignancy in the world and 4th leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States with a five year survival rate of only 6%. The aggressive nature, lack of early diagnostic and prognostic markers, late clinical presentation, and limited efficacy of existing treatment regimens make PC a lethal cancer with high mortality and poor prognosis. Therefore, novel reliable biomarkers and molecular targets are urgently needed to combat this deadly disease. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short (19-24 nucleotides) non-coding RNA molecules implicated in the regulation of gene expression at post-transcriptional level and play significant roles in various physiological and pathological conditions. Aberrant expression of miRNAs has been reported in several cancers including PC and is implicated in PC pathogenesis and progression, suggesting their utility in diagnosis, prognosis and therapy. In this review, we summarize the role of several miRNAs that regulate various oncogenes (KRAS) and tumor suppressor genes (p53, p16, SMAD4, etc.) involved in PC development, their prospective roles as diagnostic and prognostic markers and as a therapeutic targets.
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24
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Liu ZQ, Xiao ZW, Luo GP, Liu L, Liu C, Xu J, Long J, Ni QX, Yu XJ. Effect of the number of positive lymph nodes and lymph node ratio on prognosis of patients after resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2014; 13:634-41. [PMID: 25475867 DOI: 10.1016/s1499-3872(14)60264-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prognostic factors related to lymph node involvement [lymph node status, the number of positive lymph nodes, lymph node ratio (LNR)] and the number of nodes evaluated in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma after pancreatectomy are poorly defined. METHODS A total of 167 patients who had undergone resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma from February 2010 to August 2011 were included in this study. Histological examination was performed to evaluate the tumor differentiation and lymph node involvement. Univariate and multivariate analyses were made to determine the relationship between the variables related to nodal involvement and the number of nodes and survival. RESULTS The median number of total nodes examined was 10 (range 0-44) for the entire cohort. The median number of total nodes examined in node-negative (pN0) patients was similar to that in node-positive (pN1) patients. Patients with pN1 diseases had significantly worse survival than those with pN0 ones (P=0.000). Patients with three or more positive nodes had a poorer prognosis compared with those with the negative nodes (P=0.000). The prognosis of the patients with negative nodes was similar to that of those with one to two positive nodes (P=0.114). The median survival of patients with an LNR ≥0.4 was shorter than that of patients with an LNR <0.4 in the pN1 cohort (P=0.014). No significance was found between the number of total nodes examined and the prognosis, regardless of the cutoff of 10 or 12 and in the entire cohort or the pN0 and pN1 groups. Based on the multivariate analysis of the entire cohort and the pN1 group, the nodal status, the number of positive nodes and the LNR were all associated with survival. CONCLUSIONS In addition to the nodal status, the number of positive nodes and the LNR can serve as comprehensive factors for the evaluation of nodal involvement. This approach may be more effective for predicting the survival of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma after pancreatectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zu-Qiang Liu
- Department of Pancreatic and Hepatobiliary Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.
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25
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Tanase CP, Neagu AI, Necula LG, Mambet C, Enciu AM, Calenic B, Cruceru ML, Albulescu R. Cancer stem cells: Involvement in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis and perspectives on cancer therapeutics. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:10790-10801. [PMID: 25152582 PMCID: PMC4138459 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i31.10790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies. Despite remarkable progress in understanding pancreatic carcinogenesis at the molecular level, as well as progress in new therapeutic approaches, pancreatic cancer remains a disease with a dismal prognosis. Among the mechanisms responsible for drug resistance, the most relevant are changes in individual genes or signaling pathways and the presence of highly resistant cancer stem cells (CSCs). In pancreatic cancer, CSCs represent 0.2%-0.8% of pancreatic cancer cells and are considered to be responsible for tumor growth, invasion, metastasis and recurrence. CSCs have been extensively studied as of late to identify specific surface markers to ensure reliable sorting and for signaling pathways identified to play a pivotal role in CSC self-renewal. Involvement of CSCs in pancreatic cancer pathogenesis has also highlighted these cells as the preferential targets for therapy. The present review is an update of the results in two main fields of research in pancreatic cancer, pathogenesis and therapy, focused on the narrow perspective of CSCs.
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26
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H19 promotes pancreatic cancer metastasis by derepressing let-7’s suppression on its target HMGA2-mediated EMT. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:9163-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2185-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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27
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Luo HN, Wang ZH, Sheng Y, Zhang Q, Yan J, Hou J, Zhu K, Cheng Y, Xu YL, Zhang XH, Xu M, Ren XY. miR-139 targets CXCR4 and inhibits the proliferation and metastasis of laryngeal squamous carcinoma cells. Med Oncol 2013; 31:789. [DOI: 10.1007/s12032-013-0789-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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28
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Hai B, Qin L, Yang Z, Zhao Q, Shangguan L, Ti X, Zhao Y, Kim S, Rangaraj D, Liu F. Transient activation of hedgehog pathway rescued irradiation-induced hyposalivation by preserving salivary stem/progenitor cells and parasympathetic innervation. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 20:140-150. [PMID: 24150232 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-13-1434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the effects and mechanisms of transient activation of the Hedgehog pathway on rescuing radiotherapy-induced hyposalivation in survivors of head and neck cancer. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Mouse salivary glands and cultured human salivary epithelial cells were irradiated by a single 15-Gy dose. The Hedgehog pathway was transiently activated in mouse salivary glands, by briefly overexpressing the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) transgene or administrating smoothened agonist, and in human salivary epithelial cells, by infecting with adenovirus encoding Gli1. The activity of Hedgehog signaling was examined by the expression of the Ptch1-lacZ reporter and endogenous Hedgehog target genes. The salivary flow rate was measured following pilocarpine stimulation. Salivary stem/progenitor cells (SSPC), parasympathetic innervation, and expression of related genes were examined by flow cytometry, salisphere assay, immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription PCR, Western blotting, and ELISA. RESULTS Irradiation does not activate Hedgehog signaling in mouse salivary glands. Transient Shh overexpression activated the Hedgehog pathway in ductal epithelia and, after irradiation, rescued salivary function in male mice, which is related with preservation of functional SSPCs and parasympathetic innervation. The preservation of SSPCs was likely mediated by the rescue of signaling activities of the Bmi1 and Chrm1-HB-EGF pathways. The preservation of parasympathetic innervation was associated with the rescue of the expression of neurotrophic factors such as Bdnf and Nrtn. The expression of genes related with maintenance of SSPCs and parasympathetic innervation in female salivary glands and cultured human salivary epithelial cells was similarly affected by irradiation and transient Hedgehog activation. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that transient activation of the Hedgehog pathway has the potential to restore salivary gland function after irradiation-induced dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Hai
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Scott & White, Molecular and Cellular Medicine Department, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas 76502, USA
| | - Lizheng Qin
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Scott & White, Molecular and Cellular Medicine Department, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas 76502, USA.,Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Zhenhua Yang
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Scott & White, Molecular and Cellular Medicine Department, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas 76502, USA.,Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Qingguo Zhao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Scott & White, Molecular and Cellular Medicine Department, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas 76502, USA
| | - Lei Shangguan
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Scott & White, Molecular and Cellular Medicine Department, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas 76502, USA.,Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Xinyu Ti
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Scott & White, Molecular and Cellular Medicine Department, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas 76502, USA.,Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710032, China
| | - Yanqiu Zhao
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Scott & White, Molecular and Cellular Medicine Department, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas 76502, USA.,Lutheran Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11220, USA
| | - Sangroh Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Scott and White Hospital, Temple, Texas 76502, USA
| | - Dharanipathy Rangaraj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Scott and White Hospital, Temple, Texas 76502, USA
| | - Fei Liu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine at Scott & White, Molecular and Cellular Medicine Department, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Temple, Texas 76502, USA
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