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Mahmoudi A, Heydari S, Markina YV, Barreto GE, Sahebkar A. Role of statins in regulating molecular pathways following traumatic brain injury: A system pharmacology study. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113304. [PMID: 35724514 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious disorder with debilitating physical and psychological complications. Previous studies have indicated that genetic factors have a critical role in modulating the secondary phase of injury in TBI. Statins have interesting pleiotropic properties such as antiapoptotic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects, which make them a suitable class of drugs for repurposing in TBI. In this study, we aimed to explore how statins modulate proteins and pathways involved in TBI using system pharmacology. We first explored the target associations with statins in two databases to discover critical clustering groups, candidate hub and critical hub genes in the network of TBI, and the possible connections of statins with TBI-related genes. Our results showed 1763 genes associated with TBI. Subsequently, the analysis of centralities in the PPI network displayed 55 candidate hub genes and 15 hub genes. Besides, MCODE analysis based on threshold score:10 determined four modular clusters. Intersection analysis of genes related to TBI and statins demonstrated 204 shared proteins, which suggested that statins influence 31 candidate hub and 9 hub genes. Moreover, statins had the highest interaction with MCODE1. The biological processes of the 31 shared proteins are related to gene expression, inflammation, antioxidant activity, and cell proliferation. Biological enriched pathways showed Programmed Cell Death proteins, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, C-type lectin receptor signalling pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway as top clusters. In conclusion, statins could target several critical post-TBI genes mainly involved in inflammation and apoptosis, supporting the previous research results as a potential therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Mahmoudi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad 9177899191, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Sahar Heydari
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Yuliya V Markina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of FSBI "Petrovsky National Research Center of Surgery", 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418, Moscow, the Russian Federation
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, the Islamic Republic of Iran.
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2
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tRNA Lys-Derived Fragment Alleviates Cisplatin-Induced Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13010055. [PMID: 33406670 PMCID: PMC7824007 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13010055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a standard treatment for prostate cancer, which is the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths among men globally. However, patients who have undergone cisplatin can rxperience relapse. tRNA-derived fragments (tRFs) are small non-coding RNAs generated via tRNA cleavage; their physiological activities are linked to the development of human diseases. Specific tRFs, including tRF-315 derived from tRNALys, are highly expressed in prostate cancer patients. However, whether tRF-315 regulates prostate cancer cell proliferation or apoptosis is unclear. Herein, we confirmed that tRF-315 expression was higher in prostate cancer cells (LNCaP, DU145, and PC3) than in normal prostate cells. tRF-315 prevented cisplatin-induced apoptosis and alleviated cisplatin-induced mitochondrial dysfunction in LNCaP and DU145 cells. Moreover, transfection of tRF-315 inhibitor increased the expression of apoptotic pathway-related proteins in LNCaP and DU145 cells. Furthermore, tRF-315 targeted the tumor suppressor gene GADD45A, thus regulating the cell cycle, which was altered by cisplatin in LNCaP and DU145 cells. Thus, tRF-315 protects prostate cancer cells from mitochondrion-dependent apoptosis induced by cisplatin treatment.
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Rosuvastatin inhibit spheroid formation and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in prostate cancer PC-3 cell line. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8727-8737. [PMID: 33085048 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05918-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
There is a growing body of evidence suggesting antitumor activity of statins. In metastasis and invasion of cancer the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) of cancerous cells is an important process. Our goal was to understand the effect of Rosuvastatin on the EMT process in human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 cells in adherent 2 dimensional (2D) and spheroid 3 dimensional (3D) culture. PC-3 cells were cultured in adherence and/or spheroid culture system. The cells were treated with different concentrations of Rosuvastatin. After 96 h, the cell proliferation, viability, type and number of spheroids, the expression of E-Cadherin, Vimentin and Zeb-1 were analyzed. The results show that Rosuvastatin inhibit cell proliferation without significant cytotoxicity. The spheroid formation and spheroid sizes were inhibited by Rousavastatin in a dose dependent manner. In 2D culture, expression of the E-Cadherin was increased up to 2.0 fold in a dose dependent linear manner (R2 = 0.89). Vimentin and Zeb-1 expressions were decreased up to 40 and 20% of untreated control cells expression level respectively, (R2 = 0.99 and 0.92). In 3D system, the expression of E-Cadherin did not show a significant change, but Vimentin and Zeb-1 expressions were decreased up to 70 and 40% of untreated control cells expression level respectively in a dose dependent linear manner in comparison to 2D system (R2 = 0.36 and 0.90). Our finding indicates that Rousavastatin inhibit cell proliferation and spheroid formation of PC-3 cells. This inhibition accompanies by inhibition of EMT markers. Therefor, this cholesterol lowering agent could probably have potential in the prevention and suppression of cancer in androgen dependent prostate cancer.
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Zadorozhnii PV, Kiselev VV, Kharchenko AV. In silico toxicity evaluation of Salubrinal and its analogues. Eur J Pharm Sci 2020; 155:105538. [PMID: 32889087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on a comprehensive in silico toxicity assessment of Salubrinal and its analogues containing a cinnamic acid residue or quinoline ring using the online servers admetSAR, ADMETlab, ProTox, ADVERPred, Pred-hERG and Vienna LiverTox. Apart from rare exceptions, in all 55 studied structures, mild or practical absence of acute toxicity was predicted for rats (III or IV toxicity class). Cardiotoxic, hepatotoxic and immunotoxic effects were predicted for Salubrinal and its analogues. We constructed models of the main predicted anti-targets hERG, BSEP, MRP3, MRP4 and AhR using the principle of homologous modeling. Molecular docking studies were carried out with the obtained models. We carried out molecular docking for all targets using AutoDock Vina, implemented in the PyRx 0.8 software package. According to the results of molecular docking, the compounds analyzed are potential moderate or weak hERG blockers. Induction of cholestasis and, as a consequence, liver damage by these drugs, directly related to inhibition of BSEP, MRP3 and MRP4, most likely will not be observed. Interaction with AhR for the studied compounds is impossible for steric reasons and, as a consequence, toxic effects on the immune and other organ systems associated with the activation of the AhR signaling pathway are excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo V Zadorozhnii
- Department of pharmacy and technology of organic substances, Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Gagarin Ave., 8, Dnipro 49005, Ukraine.
| | - Vadym V Kiselev
- Department of pharmacy and technology of organic substances, Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Gagarin Ave., 8, Dnipro 49005, Ukraine
| | - Aleksandr V Kharchenko
- Department of pharmacy and technology of organic substances, Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Gagarin Ave., 8, Dnipro 49005, Ukraine
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Sicari D, Igbaria A, Chevet E. Control of Protein Homeostasis in the Early Secretory Pathway: Current Status and Challenges. Cells 2019; 8:E1347. [PMID: 31671908 PMCID: PMC6912474 DOI: 10.3390/cells8111347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
: Discrimination between properly folded proteins and those that do not reach this state is necessary for cells to achieve functionality. Eukaryotic cells have evolved several mechanisms to ensure secretory protein quality control, which allows efficiency and fidelity in protein production. Among the actors involved in such process, both endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi complex play prominent roles in protein synthesis, biogenesis and secretion. ER and Golgi functions ensure that only properly folded proteins are allowed to flow through the secretory pathway while improperly folded proteins have to be eliminated to not impinge on cellular functions. Thus, complex quality control and degradation machineries are crucial to prevent the toxic accumulation of improperly folded proteins. However, in some instances, improperly folded proteins can escape the quality control systems thereby contributing to several human diseases. Herein, we summarize how the early secretory pathways copes with the accumulation of improperly folded proteins, and how insufficient handling can cause the development of several human diseases. Finally, we detail the genetic and pharmacologic approaches that could be used as potential therapeutic tools to treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daria Sicari
- Proteostasis & Cancer Team INSERM U1242 « Chemistry, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling », Université de Rennes, CEDEX, 35042 Rennes, France.
- Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, CEDEX, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | - Aeid Igbaria
- Proteostasis & Cancer Team INSERM U1242 « Chemistry, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling », Université de Rennes, CEDEX, 35042 Rennes, France.
- Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, CEDEX, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | - Eric Chevet
- Proteostasis & Cancer Team INSERM U1242 « Chemistry, Oncogenesis Stress Signaling », Université de Rennes, CEDEX, 35042 Rennes, France.
- Centre de Lutte contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, CEDEX, 35042 Rennes, France.
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Karakas D, Cevatemre B, Oral AY, Yilmaz VT, Ulukaya E. Unfolded Protein Response is Involved in Trans-Platinum (II) Complex-Induced Apoptosis in Prostate Cancer Cells via ROS Accumulation. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:1184-1195. [PMID: 30963984 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190409103334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancer types and it is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death in men worldwide. Even though novel treatment modalities have been developed, it still a lifethreatening disease. Therefore novel compounds are needed to improve the overall survival. METHODS In our study, it was aimed to evaluate the anti-cancer activity of newly synthesized Platinum (II) [Pt(II)] complex on DU145, LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines. The cytotoxic activity of Pt(II) complex was tested by SRB and ATP cell viability assays. To detect the mode of cell death; fluorescent staining, flow cytometry and western blot analyses were performed. RESULTS The Pt(II) complex treatment resulted in a decrease in cell viability and increasing levels of apoptotic markers (pyknotic nuclei, annexin-V, caspase 3/7 activity) and a decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential in a dose dependent manner. Among cell types, tested PC-3 cells were found to be more sensitive to Pt(II) complex, demonstrating elevation of DNA damage in this cell line. In addition, Pt(II) complex induced Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) stress by triggering ROS generation. More importantly, pre-treatment with NAC alleviated Pt(II) complex-mediated ER stress and cell death in PC-3. CONCLUSION These findings suggest an upstream role of ROS production in Pt(II) complex-induced ER stressmediated apoptotic cell death. Considering the ROS-mediated apoptosis inducing the effect of Pt(II) complex, it warrants further evaluation as a novel metal-containing anticancer drug candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Didem Karakas
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science and Letters, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Buse Cevatemre
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey.,Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Koc University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arzu Y Oral
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Veysel T Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Uludag University, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Engin Ulukaya
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical School, Istinye University, Istanbul, Turkey
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7
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Leite GAA, Sanabria M, Cavariani MM, Anselmo-Franci JA, Pinheiro PFF, Domeniconi RF, Kempinas WDG. Lower sperm quality and testicular and epididymal structural impairment in adult rats exposed to rosuvastatin during prepuberty. J Appl Toxicol 2018; 38:914-929. [DOI: 10.1002/jat.3599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Adan Araújo Leite
- Department of Morphology; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences; Botucatu Brazil
| | - Marciana Sanabria
- Department of Morphology; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences; Botucatu Brazil
| | - Marilia Martins Cavariani
- Department of Morphology; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences; Botucatu Brazil
| | - Janete Aparecida Anselmo-Franci
- Department of Morphology, Stomatology and Physiology, School of Dentistry; USP - University of São Paulo; Ribeirão Preto São Paulo Brazil
| | | | - Raquel Fantin Domeniconi
- Department of Anatomy; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences; Botucatu Brazil
| | - Wilma De Grava Kempinas
- Department of Morphology; São Paulo State University (UNESP), Institute of Biosciences; Botucatu Brazil
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Zhang W, Xu J. Adaptive unfolded protein response promotes cell survival in rifampicin-treated L02 cells. Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:2233-2242. [PMID: 29393386 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
An important concept in drug-induced liver injury (DILI) is adaptation, which means the injury reverses with the continuation of the drug. The mechanism of adaption of drugs remains enigmatic, adaptive unfolded protein response (UPR) is possibly involved. We once observed adaptation phenomenon of rifampicin (RFP) in animal models, in this study, we investigate the effects of RFP on adaptive UPR in L02 cells, and after inhibiting UPR by using 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), the change of cell viability and cell apoptosis in RFP-treated cells. We found that with the concentration of RFP increased and the treatment time was prolonged, the glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), a hallmark of the UPR, was upregulated, and was dose- and time-dependent. RFP also activates the p-eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) protein expression. 4-PBA decreased GRP78 and p-eIF2α protein expression levels. Moreover, FCA showed that cell apoptosis rate obviously increased, and MTT assay showed that cell survival rate obviously decreased, this indicates that after inhibiting the UPR, the cell damage increased, which shows that the UPR is an adaptation mechanism to protect cells against injury induced by RFP. This also proves that when the degree of UPR induced by RFP is relatively mild, adaptive UPR is helpful for cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology of Anhui Province, Hefei, Anhui 230022, P.R. China
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Ju SM, Jo YS, Jeon YM, Pae HO, Kang DG, Lee HS, Bae JS, Jeon BH. Phosphorylation of eIF2α suppresses cisplatin-induced p53 activation and apoptosis by attenuating oxidative stress via ATF4-mediated HO-1 expression in human renal proximal tubular cells. Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:1957-1964. [PMID: 29039478 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is one of the most widely used chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of human cancers. However, the nephrotoxicity of cisplatin limits its use as a therapeutic agent. It has been suggested that oxidative stress and p53 activation play important roles in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. It has been demonstrated that the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) may protect HK-2 human renal proximal tubular cells against cisplatin-induced apoptosis through inhibition of reactive oxygen species (ROS)‑mediated p53 activation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of siRNA‑mediated knockdown of the PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) gene, which induces the phosphorylation of eIF2α, or Sal003, a selective inhibitor of eIF2α dephosphorylation, on cisplatin‑induced apoptosis in HK-2 cells. Cisplatin induced eIF2α phosphorylation as well as p53 activation. In particular, inhibition of p53 by pifithrin‑α, and upregulation of eIF2α phosphorylation by Sal003, reduced cisplatin-induced apoptosis. Of note, Sal003‑mediated upregulation of eIF2α phosphorylation suppressed cisplatin‑induced p53 activation. Furthermore, reduction of eIF2α phosphorylation by PERK knockdown enhanced cisplatin-induced p53 activation and apoptosis. In addition, the ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine inhibited eIF2α phosphorylation as well as p53 activation in HK-2 cells treated with cisplatin, suggesting that oxidative stress induced by cisplatin may lead to apoptosis through p53 activation; furthermore, this stress may confer resistance to apoptosis via eIF2α phosphorylation, which was further supported by the finding that cisplatin‑induced ROS generation was attenuated by Sal003, whereas it was enhanced by PERK knockdown. Furthermore, cisplatin induced the expression of activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) that were enhanced by Sal003 and reduced by PERK knockdown. Taken together, these results suggest that phosphorylation of eIF2α suppresses cisplatin‑induced p53 activation and apoptosis by attenuating oxidative stress via ATF4-mediated HO-1 expression in HK-2 cells, as ATF4 expression is usually dependent on the phosphorylation of eIF2α and may also transcriptionally induce the expression of HO-1 in response to oxidative stress. Therefore, regulation of eIF2α phosphorylation may play an important role in alleviating cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Ju
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Seok Jo
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo-Min Jeon
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Ock Pae
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Gill Kang
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Sub Lee
- Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Sang Bae
- Department of Pathology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine and Institute for Medical Sciences, Jeonju, Jeonbuk 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Hun Jeon
- Department of Pathology, College of Korean Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
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Leite GAA, Figueiredo TM, Sanabria M, Dias AFMG, Silva PVE, Martins Junior ADC, Barbosa Junior F, Kempinas WDG. Ascorbic acid supplementation partially prevents the delayed reproductive development in juvenile male rats exposed to rosuvastatin since prepuberty. Reprod Toxicol 2017; 73:328-338. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Lei Y, Liu K, Hou L, Ding L, Li Y, Liu L. Small chaperons and autophagy protected neurons from necrotic cell death. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5650. [PMID: 28720827 PMCID: PMC5515951 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-05995-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuronal necrosis occurs during early phase of ischemic insult. However, our knowledge of neuronal necrosis is still inadequate. To study the mechanism of neuronal necrosis, we previously established a Drosophila genetic model of neuronal necrosis by calcium overloading through expression of a constitutively opened cation channel mutant. Here, we performed further genetic screens and identified a suppressor of neuronal necrosis, CG17259, which encodes a seryl-tRNA synthetase. We found that loss-of-function (LOF) CG17259 activated eIF2α phosphorylation and subsequent up-regulation of chaperons (Hsp26 and Hsp27) and autophagy. Genetically, down-regulation of eIF2α phosphorylation, Hsp26/Hsp27 or autophagy reduced the protective effect of LOF CG17259, indicating they function downstream of CG17259. The protective effect of these protein degradation pathways indicated activation of a toxic protein during neuronal necrosis. Our data indicated that p53 was likely one such protein, because p53 was accumulated in the necrotic neurons and down-regulation of p53 rescued necrosis. In the SH-SY5Y human cells, tunicamycin (TM), a PERK activator, promoted transcription of hsp27; and necrosis induced by glutamate could be rescued by TM, associated with reduced p53 accumulation. In an ischemic stroke model in rats, p53 protein was also increased, and TM treatment could reduce the p53 accumulation and brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Aging and Disease lab of Xuanwu Hospital and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Youanmen, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Kai Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Aging and Disease lab of Xuanwu Hospital and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Youanmen, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lianggong Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.,Aging and Disease lab of Xuanwu Hospital and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Youanmen, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Yuhong Li
- Aging and Disease lab of Xuanwu Hospital and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Youanmen, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Aging and Disease lab of Xuanwu Hospital and Center of Stroke, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Youanmen, Beijing, 100069, China.
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12
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Du ZN, Rong CT, Hui S, Peng Z, Jin SH, Li SJ, Wang HY, Li JY. Expression and function of HSP110 family in mouse testis after vasectomy. Asian J Androl 2017; 19:355-361. [PMID: 26952955 PMCID: PMC5427794 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.164197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
HSP110 functions to protect cells, tissues, and organs from noxious conditions. Vasectomy induces apoptosis in the testis; however, little is known about the reason leading to this outcome. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the expression and function of HSP110 in mouse testis after vasectomy. Following bilateral vasectomy, we used fluorescent Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) to detect apoptosis, Western blotting and immunohistochemistry to examine HSP110 expression and localization. Serum antisperm antibody (AsAb) and testosterone were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and radioimmunoassay, respectively. Expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) sensors and downstream signaling components was measured by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR), and the phosphorylation of eIF2α and JNK was detected by Western blotting. Vasectomy induced morphologic changes, increased apoptosis in the testis, increased serum AsAb, and decreased testosterone levels. After vasectomy, ORP150 mRNA level was increased first and then decreased, Bcl-2 was decreased, and the expression of HSPA4l, GRP78, GADD153, PERK, ATF6, IRE-1, XBP-1s, Bax, Bak, and caspases and the phosphorylation of eIF2α and JNK were increased. We present that an ER stress-mediated pathway is activated and involved in apoptosis in the testis after vasectomy. HSPA4l and ORP150 may play important roles in maintaining the normal structure and function of testis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Ning Du
- Department of Medicine, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Cheng-Ting Rong
- Department of Medicine, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Pharmacy Department of Fuyang People's Hospital, Fuyang 236001, China
| | - Shi Hui
- Department of Medicine, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Zhu Peng
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Shao-Hua Jin
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Shi-Jia Li
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- Department of Medicine, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
| | - Jian-Yuan Li
- Department of Medicine, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
- Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai 264000, China
- Key Laboratory of Male Reproductive Health, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Beijing 100081, China
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13
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Simvastatin-induced cell cycle arrest through inhibition of STAT3/SKP2 axis and activation of AMPK to promote p27 and p21 accumulation in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2626. [PMID: 28230855 PMCID: PMC5386458 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is characterized by a poor prognosis and is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. Simvastatin, an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor, which decreases cholesterol synthesis by inhibiting mevalonate pathways and is widely used to treat cardiovascular diseases. Simvastatin exhibits anticancer effects against several malignancies. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the anticancer effects of simvastatin on HCC are still not well understood. In this study, we demonstrated simvastatin-induced G0/G1 arrest by inducing p21 and p27 accumulation in HepG2 and Hep3B cells. Simvastatin also promoted AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation, which induced p21 upregulation by increasing its transcription. Consistent with this finding, we found genetic silencing of AMPK reduced p21 expression; however, AMPK silencing had no effect on p27 expression in HCC cells. Simvastatin decreased Skp2 expression at the transcriptional level, which resulted in p27 accumulation by preventing proteasomal degradation, an effect mediated by signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) inhibition. Constitutive STAT3 activation maintained high-level Skp2 expression and lower level p27 expression and significantly prevented G0/G1 arrest in simvastatin-treated HCC cells. Mevalonate decreased simvastatin-induced AMPK activation and rescued phospho-STAT3 and Skp2 expression in HCC cells, which resulted in the prevention of G0/G1 arrest through inhibition of p21 and p27 accumulation. Moreover, simvastatin significantly decreased tumor growth in HepG2 xenograft mice. Consistently, we found that simvastatin also increased p21 and p27 expression in tumor sections by reducing Skp2 expression and inducing AMPK activation and STAT3 suppression in the same tumor tissues. Taken together, these findings are demonstrative of the existence of a novel pathway in which simvastatin induces G0/G1 arrest by upregulating p21 and p27 by activating AMPK and inhibiting the STAT3–Skp2 axis, respectively. The results identify novel targets that explain the beneficial anticancer effects of simvastatin treatment on HCC in vitro and in vivo.
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Dai CQ, Luo TT, Luo SC, Wang JQ, Wang SM, Bai YH, Yang YL, Wang YY. p53 and mitochondrial dysfunction: novel insight of neurodegenerative diseases. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2016; 48:337-47. [PMID: 27422544 PMCID: PMC5026713 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-016-9669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are organelles responsible for vital cell functions. p53 is a transcription factor that regulates the DNA stability and cell growth normality. Recent studies revealed that p53 can influence mitochondrial function changing from normal condition to abnormal condition under different stress levels. In normal state, p53 can maintain mitochondrial respiration through transactivation of SCO2. When stress stimuli presents, SCO2 overexpresses and leads to ROS generation. ROS promotes p53 inducing MALM (Mieap-induced accumulation of lysosome-like organelles within mitochondria) to repair dysfunctional mitochondria and MIV (Mieap-induced vacuole) to accomplish damaged mitochondria degradation. If stress or damage is irreversible, p53 will translocate to mitochondria, leading into apoptosis or necrosis. Neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease are still lack of clear explanations of mechanisms, but more studies have revealed the functional relationship between mitochondria and p53 towards the pathological development of these diseases. In this review, we discuss that p53 plays the vital role in the function of mitochondria in the aspect of pathological change metabolism. We also analyze these diseases with novel targeted treating molecules which are related to p53 and mitochondria, hoping to present novel therapies in future clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Qiu Dai
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ting-Ting Luo
- Department of Neurobiology and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, School of Basic Medicine, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Shi-Cheng Luo
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Jia-Qi Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Sheng-Ming Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yun-Hu Bai
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yan-Ling Yang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Xi-Jing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Ya-Yun Wang
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, K.K. Leung Brain Research Centre, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Cellular Stress and p53-Associated Apoptosis by Juniperus communis L. Berry Extract Treatment in the Human SH-SY5Y Neuroblastoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17071113. [PMID: 27420050 PMCID: PMC4964488 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17071113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant phenolics have shown to activate apoptotic cell death in different tumourigenic cell lines. In this study, we evaluated the effects of juniper berry extract (Juniperus communis L.) on p53 protein, gene expression and DNA fragmentation in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. In addition, we analyzed the phenolic composition of the extract. We found that juniper berry extract activated cellular relocalization of p53 and DNA fragmentation-dependent cell death. Differentially expressed genes between treated and non-treated cells were evaluated with the cDNA-RDA (representational difference analysis) method at the early time point of apoptotic process when p53 started to be activated and no caspase activity was detected. Twenty one overexpressed genes related to cellular stress, protein synthesis, cell survival and death were detected. Interestingly, they included endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress inducer and sensor HSPA5 and other ER stress-related genes CALM2 and YKT6 indicating that ER stress response was involved in juniper berry extract mediated cell death. In composition analysis, we identified and quantified low concentrations of fifteen phenolic compounds. The main groups of them were flavones, flavonols, phenolic acids, flavanol and biflavonoid including glycosides of quercetin, apigenin, isoscutellarein and hypolaetin. It is suggested that juniper berry extract induced the p53-associated apoptosis through the potentiation and synergism by several phenolic compounds.
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Nakajima S, Chi Y, Gao K, Kono K, Yao J. eIF2α-Independent Inhibition of TNF-α-Triggered NF-κB Activation by Salubrinal. Biol Pharm Bull 2016; 38:1368-74. [PMID: 26328492 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b15-00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Salubrinal is a selective inhibitor of cellular complexes that dephosphorylate eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). In previous reports, salubrinal was shown to have the potential to inhibit the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) by several stimuli. However, the effects of salubrinal on NF-κB signaling are largely unknown. In this study, we investigated whether and how salubrinal affects NF-κB activation induced by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-1β. We found that salubrinal selectively blocked TNF-α- but not IL-1β-induced activation of NF-κB. This inhibitory effect occurred upstream of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1). Further experiments revealed that salubrinal blocked TNF-α-triggered NF-κB activation independent of its action on eIF2α because knockdown of eIF2α by small interfering RNA (siRNA) did not reverse the inhibitory effect of salubrinal on NF-κB. Moreover, guanabenz, a selective inhibitor of the regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase (PP) 1, also preferentially inhibited TNF-α-triggered activation of NF-κB. These findings raise the possibility that salubrinal may selectively block TNF-α-triggered activation of the NF-κB pathway through inhibition of the PP1 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shotaro Nakajima
- Department of Molecular Signaling, Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Medicine and Engineering, University of Yamanashi
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Yang JW, Hu ZP. Neuroprotective effects of atorvastatin against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through the inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. Neural Regen Res 2015; 10:1239-44. [PMID: 26487850 PMCID: PMC4590235 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.162755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerebral ischemia triggers secondary ischemia/reperfusion injury and endoplasmic reticulum stress initiates cell apoptosis. However, the regulatory mechanism of the signaling pathway remains unclear. We hypothesize that the regulatory mechanisms are mediated by the protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase/eukaryotic initiation factor 2α in the endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathway. To verify this hypothesis, we occluded the middle cerebral artery in rats to establish focal cerebral ischemia/reperfusion model. Results showed that the expression levels of protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase and caspase-3, as well as the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, were increased after ischemia/reperfusion. Administration of atorvastatin decreased the expression of protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase, caspase-3 and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α, reduced the infarct volume and improved ultrastructure in the rat brain. After salubrinal, the specific inhibitor of phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α was given into the rats intragastrically, the expression levels of caspase-3 and phosphorylated eukaryotic initiation factor 2α in the were decreased, a reduction of the infarct volume and less ultrastructural damage were observed than the untreated, ischemic brain. However, salubrinal had no impact on the expression of protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase. Experimental findings indicate that atorvastatin inhibits endoplasmic reticulum stress and exerts neuroprotective effects. The underlying mechanisms of attenuating ischemia/reperfusion injury are associated with the protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase/eukaryotic initiation factor 2α/caspase-3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Wen Yang
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Hu
- Department of Neurology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
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Mu JS, Lin H, Ye JX, Lin M, Cui XP. Rg1 exhibits neuroprotective effects by inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated c-Jun N-terminal protein kinase apoptotic pathway in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:3862-3868. [PMID: 26016457 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.3853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The neuroprotective agents currently used to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD) often only target one aspect of the disease process. Therefore, identifying effective drug targets associated with the pathogenesis of AD is critical for the production of novel AD therapeutic strategies. The present study aimed to investigate the underlying mechanisms of the neuroprotective effects of Rg1 on a rat model of AD. A double transgenic β‑amyloid (Aβ) precursor protein/PS1 rat model was established, which co‑expressed mutations associated with AD. Aβ plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) were detected by immunohistochemistry. The detection of the protein expression levels of caspase‑3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl‑transferase‑mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining were used to determine the level of apoptosis in the brain tissue. The expression levels of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress biomarker, glucose‑regulated protein 78 (Grp78), and the mitochondrial apoptosis biomarkers, B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) and Bcl‑2‑associated X protein (Bax), were analyzed by western blotting. Furthermore, the expression of the proteins associated with the ER stress unfolded protein response (UPR) was determined, in order to examine the levels of ER stress. The mRNA expression of downstream genes of UPR were also detected by reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction. The protein expression levels of the apoptosis‑associated phosphorylated‑c‑Jun N‑terminal protein kinase (p‑JNK), caspase‑12 and cAMP response element‑binding transcription factor homologous protein were determined by western blotting. The results of the present study indicated that the accumulation of NFTs and Aβ plaques was significantly decreased in the Rg1‑treated AD rats, compared with untreated AD rats. The expression of caspase‑3 and the number of TUNEL‑positive cells were also significantly decreased in the Rg1‑treated rats, as compared with the AD rats. Furthermore, treatment with Rg1 significantly reduced the expression of Grp78, and triggered inositol‑requiring enzyme‑1 (IRE‑1) and phosphorylated protein kinase RNA‑like ER kinase‑associated ER stress. The IRE‑1 UPR pathway downstream gene, tumor necrosis factor receptor‑associated factor 2, was significantly decreased in rats treated with Rg1, compared with untreated AD rats. Furthermore, the activation of p‑JNK was also inhibited when AD rats were treated with Rg1. In conclusion, Rg1 was shown to function as an important factor that inhibits the accumulation of NFTs and Aβ via inhibition of the ER stress‑mediated pathway. Blocking of this pathway was triggered by the IRE‑1 and TRAF2 pathway, as a result of inhibition of the expression of p‑JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Shan Mu
- Department of Neurology, Fuzhou General Hospital and Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025 P.R. China
| | - Hang Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fuzhou General Hospital and Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025 P.R. China
| | - Jian-Xin Ye
- Department of Neurology, Fuzhou General Hospital and Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025 P.R. China
| | - Min Lin
- Department of Neurology, Fuzhou General Hospital and Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025 P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ping Cui
- Department of Neurology, Fuzhou General Hospital and Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025 P.R. China
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Plays a Key Role in Rotenone-Induced Apoptotic Death of Neurons. Mol Neurobiol 2014; 53:285-298. [PMID: 25428620 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-014-9001-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Rotenone, a pesticide, causes neurotoxicity via the mitochondrial complex-I inhibition. The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in rotenone-induced neuronal death. Cell viability, cytotoxicity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, nitrite level, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and DNA damage were assessed in rotenone-treated neuro-2A cells. Protein levels of ER stress markers glucose regulated protein 78 (GRP78), growth arrest- and DNA damage-inducible gene 153 (GADD153), and phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 subunit α (eIF2-α) were estimated to assess the ER stress. To confirm the apoptotic death of neurons, mRNA levels of caspase-9, caspase-12 and caspase-3 were estimated. Further, to confirm the involvement of ER stress, neuro-2A cells were pretreated with ER stress inhibitor salubrinal. Co-treatment of antioxidant melatonin was also given to assess the role of oxidative stress in rotenone-induced apoptosis. Rotenone (0.1, 0.5, and 1 μM) treatment to neurons caused significantly decreased cell viability, increased cytotoxicity, increased ROS generation, increased expression of GRP78 and GADD, DNA damage and activation of caspase-12 and caspase-3 which were significantly attenuated by pretreatment of salubrinal (25 μM). Rotenone-induced dephosphorylation of eIF2α was also inhibited with salubrinal treatment. However, pretreatment of salubrinal did not affect the rotenone-induced increased nitrite levels, decreased MMP and caspase-9 activation. Co-treatment of antioxidant melatonin (1 mM) did not offer attenuation against rotenone-induced increased expression of caspase-9, caspase-12 and caspase-3. In conclusion, results indicated that ER stress plays a key role in rotenone-induced neuronal death, rather than oxidative stress. Graphical Abstract Pictorial presentation showed the involvement of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), nitrite level, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), caspase activation and DNA damage in neuronal cells after rotenone treatment. ER stress inhibitor-salubrinal showed significant attenuation against most of the rotenone-induced adverse effects reflecting its key involvement in rotenone-induced neuronal death.
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Montague K, Malik B, Gray AL, La Spada AR, Hanna MG, Szabadkai G, Greensmith L. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy: a potential target for therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 137:1894-906. [PMID: 24898351 PMCID: PMC4065020 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awu114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy is a degenerative motor neuron disease caused by CAG repeat expansion in the androgen receptor gene. Montague et al. reveal an early increase in endoplasmic reticulum stress in a mouse model, and suggest that this pathway may be a therapeutic target for polyglutamine diseases. Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy is an X-linked degenerative motor neuron disease caused by an abnormal expansion in the polyglutamine encoding CAG repeat of the androgen receptor gene. There is evidence implicating endoplasmic reticulum stress in the development and progression of neurodegenerative disease, including polyglutamine disorders such as Huntington’s disease and in motor neuron disease, where cellular stress disrupts functioning of the endoplasmic reticulum, leading to induction of the unfolded protein response. We examined whether endoplasmic reticulum stress is also involved in the pathogenesis of spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy. Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy mice that carry 100 pathogenic polyglutamine repeats in the androgen receptor, and develop a late-onset neuromuscular phenotype with motor neuron degeneration, were studied. We observed a disturbance in endoplasmic reticulum-associated calcium homeostasis in cultured embryonic motor neurons from spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy mice, which was accompanied by increased endoplasmic reticulum stress. Furthermore, pharmacological inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress reduced the endoplasmic reticulum-associated cell death pathway. Examination of spinal cord motor neurons of pathogenic mice at different disease stages revealed elevated expression of markers for endoplasmic reticulum stress, confirming an increase in this stress response in vivo. Importantly, the most significant increase was detected presymptomatically, suggesting that endoplasmic reticulum stress may play an early and possibly causal role in disease pathogenesis. Our results therefore indicate that the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway could potentially be a therapeutic target for spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy and related polyglutamine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karli Montague
- 1 Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, UCL, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK2 MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Neurology, UCL, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Bilal Malik
- 1 Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, UCL, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK2 MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Neurology, UCL, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Anna L Gray
- 1 Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, UCL, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK2 MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Neurology, UCL, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Albert R La Spada
- 3 Department of Paediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA4 Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine and Neurosciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA5 Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA6 Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA7 Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA8 Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
| | - Michael G Hanna
- 2 MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Neurology, UCL, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK9 Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, UCL, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Gyorgy Szabadkai
- 10 Cell and Developmental Biology Department, UCL, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK11 Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padua and CNR Neuroscience Institute, Padua, Italy
| | - Linda Greensmith
- 1 Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, UCL, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK2 MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Neurology, UCL, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
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Kim YC, Song SB, Lee SK, Park SM, Kim YS. The Nuclear Orphan Receptor NR4A1 is Involved in the Apoptotic Pathway Induced by LPS and Simvastatin in RAW 264.7 Macrophages. Immune Netw 2014; 14:116-22. [PMID: 24851101 PMCID: PMC4022779 DOI: 10.4110/in.2014.14.2.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophage death plays a role in several physiological and inflammatory pathologies such as sepsis and arthritis. In our previous work, we showed that simvastatin triggers cell death in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells through both caspase-dependent and independent apoptotic pathways. Here, we show that the nuclear orphan receptor NR4A1 is involved in a caspase-independent apoptotic process induced by LPS and simvastatin. Simvastatin-induced NR4A1 expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages and ectopic expression of a dominant-negative mutant form of NR4A1 effectively suppressed both DNA fragmentation and the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) during LPS- and simvastatin-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, apoptosis was accompanied by Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) translocation to the mitochondria. Our findings suggest that NR4A1 expression and mitochondrial translocation of Bax are related to simvastatin-induced apoptosis in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Chan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Seok Bean Song
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Sang Min Park
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
| | - Young Sang Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Korea
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Inhibition of ERN1 modifies the hypoxic regulation of the expression of TP53-related genes in U87 glioma cells. ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM STRESS IN DISEASES 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/ersc-2014-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AbstractInhibition of ERN1 (endoplasmic reticulum to nuclei 1), the major signalling pathway of endoplasmic reticulum stress, significantly decreases tumor growth. We have studied the expression of tumor protein 53 (TP53)- related genes such as TOPORS (topoisomerase I binding, arginine/serine-rich, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase), TP53BP1 (TP53 binding protein 1), TP53BP2, SESN1 (sestrin 1), NME6 (non-metastatic cells 6), and ZMAT3 (zinc finger, Matrin-type 3) in glioma cells expressing dominantnegative ERN1 under baseline and hypoxic conditions. We demonstrated that inhibition of ERN1 function in U87 glioma cells resulted in increased expression of RYBP, TP53BP2, and SESN1 genes, but decreased expression of TP53BP1, TOPORS, NME6, and ZMAT3 genes. Moreover, inhibition of ERN1 affected hypoxia-mediated changes in expression of TP53-related genes and their magnitude. Indeed, hypoxia has no effect on expression of TP53BP1 and SESN1 in control cells, while resulted in increased expression of these genes in cells with inhibited ERN1 function. Magnitude of hypoxia-mediated changes in expression levels of RYBP and TP53BP2 was gene specific and more robust in the case of TP53BP2. Hypoxiamediated decrease in expression levels of TOPORS was more prominent if ERN1 was inhibited. Present study demonstrates that fine-tuning of the expression of TP53- associated genes depends upon endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling under normal and hypoxic conditions. Inhibition of ERN1 branch of endoplasmic reticulum stress response correlates with deregulation of p53 signaling and slower tumor growth.
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Tomioka Y, Morimatsu M, Taharaguchi S, Yamamoto S, Suyama H, Ozaki K, Iwamori N, Ono E. Abnormal spermatogenesis and reduced fertility in transgenic mice expressing the immediate-early protein IE180 of pseudorabies virus. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 440:683-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.09.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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