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Hussain MS, Afzal O, Gupta G, Altamimi ASA, Almalki WH, Alzarea SI, Kazmi I, Fuloria NK, Sekar M, Meenakshi DU, Thangavelu L, Sharma A. Long non-coding RNAs in lung cancer: Unraveling the molecular modulators of MAPK signaling. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 249:154738. [PMID: 37595448 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) continues to pose a significant global medical burden, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its molecular foundations to establish effective treatment strategies. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling system has been scientifically associated with LC growth; however, the intricate regulatory mechanisms governing this system remain unknown. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as crucial regulators of diverse cellular activities, including cancer growth. LncRNAs have been implicated in LC, which can function as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, and their dysregulation has been linked to cancer cell death, metastasis, spread, and proliferation. Due to their involvement in critical pathophysiological processes, lncRNAs are gaining attention as potential candidates for anti-cancer treatments. This article aims to elucidate the regulatory role of lncRNAs in MAPK signaling in LC. We provide a comprehensive review of the key components of the MAPK pathway and their relevance in LC, focusing on aberrant signaling processes associated with disease progression. By examining recent research and experimental findings, this article examines the molecular mechanisms through which lncRNAs influence MAPK signaling in lung cancer, ultimately contributing to tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sadique Hussain
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jaipur National University, Jagatpura, 302017 Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Mahal Road, Jagatpura, Jaipur, India; Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India; School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun 248007, India
| | | | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Al-Jouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mahendran Sekar
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Subang Jaya 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Lakshmi Thangavelu
- Center for Global Health Research , Saveetha Medical College , Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, India
| | - Ajay Sharma
- Delhi Pharmaceutical Science and Research University, Pushp Vihar Sector-3, MB Road, New Delhi 110017, India.
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Expression Analysis of Five Different Long Non-Coding Ribonucleic Acids in Nonsmall-Cell Lung Carcinoma Tumor and Tumor-Derived Exosomes. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12123209. [PMID: 36553216 PMCID: PMC9777400 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12123209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding ribonucleic acids (LncRNAs) are recently known for their role in regulating gene expression and the development of cancer. Controversial results indicate a correlation between the tissue expression of LncRNA and LncRNA content of extracellular vesicles. The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of different LncRNAs in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients in tumor tissue, adjacent non-cancerous tissue (ANCT), and exosome-mediated lncRNA. Tumor and ANCT, as well as serum samples of 168 patient with NSCLC, were collected. The GHSROS, HNF1A-AS1, HOTAIR, HMlincRNA717, and LINCRNA-p21 relative expressions in tumor tissue, ANCT, and serum exosomes were evaluated in NSCLC patients. Among 168 NSCLC samples, the expressions of GHSROS (REx = 3.64, p = 0.028), HNF1A-AS1 (REx = 2.97, p = 0.041), and HOTAIR (REx = 2.9, p = 0.0389) were upregulated, and the expressions of HMlincRNA717 (REx = −4.56, p = 0.0012) and LINCRNA-p21 (REx = −5.14, p = 0.00334) were downregulated in tumor tissue in contrast to ANCT. Moreover, similar statistical differences were seen in the exosome-derived RNA of tumor tissues in contrast to ANCT samples. A panel of the five lncRNAs demonstrated that the area under the curve (AUC) for exosome and tumor was 0.937 (standard error: 0.012, p value < 0.0001). LncRNAs GHSROS, HNF1A-AS1, and HOTAIR showed high expression in tumor tissue and exosome content in NSCLC, and a panel that consisted of all five lncRNAs improved diagnosis of NSCLC.
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Wang CH, Tseng CY, Hsu WL, Tzen JTC. Establishment of a Cell Line Stably Expressing the Growth Hormone Secretagogue Receptor to Identify Crocin as a Ghrelin Agonist. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12121813. [PMID: 36551241 PMCID: PMC9775697 DOI: 10.3390/biom12121813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The growth hormone secretagogue receptor-1a (GHSR1a) is the endogenous receptor for ghrelin. Activation of GHSR1a participates in many physiological processes including energy homeostasis and eating behavior. Due to its transitory half-life, the efficacy of ghrelin treatment in patients is restricted; hence the development of new adjuvant therapy is an urgent need. This study aimed to establish a cell line stably expressing GHSR1a, which could be employed to screen potential ghrelin agonists from natural compounds. First, by means of lentiviral transduction, the genome of a human HEK293T cell was modified, and a cell platform stably overexpressing GHSR1a was successfully established. In this platform, GHSR1a was expressed as a fusion protein tagged with mCherry, which allowed the monitoring of the dynamic cellular distribution of GHSR1a by fluorescent microscopy. Subsequently, the authenticity of the GHSR1a mediated signaling was further characterized by using ghrelin and teaghrelin, two molecules known to stimulate GHSR1a. The results indicated that both ghrelin and teaghrelin readily activated GHSR1a mediated signaling pathways, presumably via increasing phosphorylation levels of ERK. The specific GHSR1a signaling was further validated by using SP-analog, an antagonist of GHSR1a as well as using a cell model with the knockdown expression of GHSR1a. Molecular modeling predicted that crocin might be a potential ghrelin agonist, and this prediction was further confirmed by the established platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hao Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yu Tseng
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Li Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-L.H.); (J.T.C.T.)
| | - Jason T. C. Tzen
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (W.-L.H.); (J.T.C.T.)
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Ghahramani Almanghadim H, Ghorbian S, Khademi NS, Soleymani Sadrabadi M, Jarrahi E, Nourollahzadeh Z, Dastani M, Shirvaliloo M, Sheervalilou R, Sargazi S. New Insights into the Importance of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Lung Cancer: Future Clinical Approaches. DNA Cell Biol 2021; 40:1476-1494. [PMID: 34931869 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2021.0563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammals, a large part of the gene expression products come from the non-coding ribonucleotide sequences of the protein. These short and long sequences are within the range of tens to hundreds of nucleotides, encompassing more than 200 RNA molecules, and their function is known as the molecular structure of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA). LncRNA molecules are unique nucleotides that have a substantial role in epigenetic regulation, transcription, and post-transcriptional modifications in different ways. According to the results of recent studies, lncRNAs have been shown to assume various roles, including tumor suppression or oncogenic functions in common types of cancer such as lung and breast cancer. These non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a pivotal role in activating transcription factors, managing the ribonucleoproteins, the framework for collecting co-proteins, intermittent processing regulations, chromatin status alterations, and maintaining the control within the cell. Cutting-edge technologies have been introduced to disclose several types of lncRNAs within the nucleus and the cytoplasm, which have accomplished important achievements that are applicable in medicine. Due to these efforts, various data centers have been created to facilitate and modify scientific information related to these molecules, including detection, classification, biological evolution, gene status, spatial structure, status, and location of these small molecules. In the present study, we attempt to present the impacts of these ncRNAs on lung cancer with an emphasis on their mechanisms and functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saeed Ghorbian
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | - Nazanin Sadat Khademi
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Esmaeil Jarrahi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Nourollahzadeh
- Department of Biological Science, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar, Iran
| | - Masomeh Dastani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Milad Shirvaliloo
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | - Saman Sargazi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute of Cellular and Molecular Sciences in Infectious Diseases, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran
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Song JY, Li XP, Qin XJ, Zhang JD, Zhao JY, Wang R. A fourteen-lncRNA risk score system for prognostic prediction of patients with non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Biomark 2021; 29:493-508. [PMID: 32831192 PMCID: PMC7739968 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-190505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence has underscored long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) serving as potential biomarkers for cancer prognosis. However, systematic tracking of a lncRNA signature for prognosis prediction in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not been accomplished yet. Here, comprehensive analysis with differential gene expression analysis, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database was performed to identify the lncRNA signature for prediction of the overall survival of NSCLC patients. A risk-score model based on a 14-lncRNA signature was identified, which could classify patients into high-risk and low-risk groups and show poor and improved outcomes, respectively. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve revealed that the risk-score model has good performance with high AUC value. Multivariate Cox's regression model and stratified analysis indicated that the risk-score was independent of other clinicopathological prognostic factors. Furthermore, the risk-score model was competent for the prediction of metastasis-free survival in NSCLC patients. Moreover, the risk-score model was applicable for prediction of the overall survival in the other 30 caner types of TCGA. Our study highlighted the significant implications of lncRNAs as prognostic predictors in NSCLC. We hope the lncRNA signature could contribute to personalized therapy decisions in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Song
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Li
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China.,Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiu-Jiao Qin
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jing-Dong Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Jian-Yu Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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Thomas PB, Jeffery P, Gahete MD, Whiteside E, Walpole C, Maugham M, Jovanovic L, Gunter J, Williams E, Nelson C, Herington A, Luque RM, Veedu R, Chopin LK, Seim I. The long non-coding RNA GHSROS reprograms prostate cancer cell lines toward a more aggressive phenotype. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10280. [PMID: 33585078 PMCID: PMC7860111 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
It is now appreciated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are important players in orchestrating cancer progression. In this study we characterized GHSROS, a human lncRNA gene on the opposite DNA strand (antisense) to the ghrelin receptor gene, in prostate cancer. The lncRNA was upregulated by prostate tumors from different clinical datasets. Transcriptome data revealed that GHSROS alters the expression of cancer-associated genes. Functional analyses in vitro showed that GHSROS mediates tumor growth, migration and survival, and resistance to the cytotoxic drug docetaxel. Increased cellular proliferation of GHSROS-overexpressing PC3, DU145, and LNCaP prostate cancer cell lines in vitro was recapitulated in a subcutaneous xenograft model. Conversely, in vitro antisense oligonucleotide inhibition of the lncRNA reciprocally regulated cell growth and migration, and gene expression. Notably, GHSROS modulates the expression of PPP2R2C, the loss of which may drive androgen receptor pathway-independent prostate tumor progression in a subset of prostate cancers. Collectively, our findings suggest that GHSROS can reprogram prostate cancer cells toward a more aggressive phenotype and that this lncRNA may represent a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B. Thomas
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Penny Jeffery
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Manuel D. Gahete
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Eliza Whiteside
- Centre for Health Research, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
- Institute for Life Sciences and the Environment, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carina Walpole
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michelle Maugham
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lidija Jovanovic
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jennifer Gunter
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Williams
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Colleen Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adrian Herington
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Raul M. Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), Cordoba, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Cordoba, Cordoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (HURS), Cordoba, Spain
- Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (ceiA3), Cordoba, Spain
- CIBER de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Cordoba, Spain
| | - Rakesh Veedu
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lisa K. Chopin
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Inge Seim
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Comparative and Endocrine Biology Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre - Queensland, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China
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Gupta C, Su J, Zhan M, Stass SA, Jiang F. Sputum long non-coding RNA biomarkers for diagnosis of lung cancer. Cancer Biomark 2020; 26:219-227. [PMID: 31450489 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-190161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Analysis of molecular changes in sputum may help diagnose lung cancer. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in various biological processes, and their dysregulations contribute to the development and progression of lung tumorigenesis. Herein, we determine whether aberrant lncRNAs could be used as potential sputum biomarkers for lung cancer. METHODS Using reverse transcription PCR, we measure expressions of lung cancer-associated lncRNAs in sputum of a discovery cohort of 67 lung cancer patients and 65 cancer-free smokers with benign diseases and a validation cohort of 59 lung cancer patients and 60 cancer-free smokers with benign diseases. RESULTS In the discovery cohort, four of the lncRNAs displayed a significantly different level in sputum of lung cancer patients vs.cancer-free smokers with benign diseases (all P< 0.001). From the four lncRNAs, three lncRNAs (SNHG1, H19, and HOTAIR) are identified as a biomarker panel, producing 82.09% sensitivity and 89.23% specificity for diagnosis of lung cancer. Furthermore, the biomarker panel has a higher sensitivity (82.09% vs. 52.24%, P= 0.02) and a similar specificity compared with sputum cytology (89.23% vs. 90.77%, P= 0.45). In addition, the lncRNA biomarker panel had a higher sensitivity (87.50% vs. 70.07%, p= 0.03) for diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma compared with adenocarcinoma of the lung, while maintaining the same specificity (89.23%). The potential of the sputum lncRNA biomarkers for lung cancer detection is confirmed in the validation cohort. CONCLUSION We have for the first time shown that the analysis of lncRNAs in sputum might be a noninvasive approach for diagnosis of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chhavi Gupta
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jian Su
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Min Zhan
- Departments of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sanford A Stass
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Wang M, Sun X, Wang H, Xin Y, Jiao W. Long non-coding RNAs in non-small cell lung cancer: functions and distinctions from other malignancies. Transl Cancer Res 2019; 8:2636-2653. [PMID: 35117021 PMCID: PMC8797712 DOI: 10.21037/tcr.2019.10.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer leads to the most cancer-related death in the world. It was shown from the increasing evidences that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as molecules for diagnosis, prognosis and even therapy of lung cancer and other malignancies. The biological functions or involved signaling pathways of lncRNAs are always found to be inconsistent among different types of malignancies. However, no available literature has systemically summarized differences in the functions and underlying molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs between lung cancer and other cancers. In this review, the biological functions and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in lung cancer were introduced. Furthermore, their functional differences between lung cancer and other malignancies were discussed. Finally, their potential clinical applications in future lung cancer therapy were focused on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolong Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiao Sun
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Yanlu Xin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Wenjie Jiao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
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Wang TH, Chen CC, Huang KY, Shih YM, Chen CY. High levels of EGFR prevent sulforaphane-induced reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in non-small-cell lung cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 64:152926. [PMID: 31454652 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sulforaphane (SFN) has been shown to induce the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inhibit epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mediated signaling in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). NSCLC cells harboring constitutively active EGFR mutations are more sensitive to SFN treatment than cells with wild-type EGFR, but whether NSCLC cells with high levels of EGFR expression are more resistant or sensitive to SFN treatment is not known. STUDY DESIGN We employed a pair of cell lines, CL1-0 and CL1-5, which have the same genetic background but different levels of EGFR expression, to examine the effects of high EGFR level in the sensitivity to SFN. METHODS The effect of SFN on cell viability and tumorigenicity was examined by trypan blue dye-exclusion assay, clonogenic assays, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting in vitro as well as tumorigenicity study in vivo. ROS levels in cells were assessed by flow cytometry using the ROS-reactive fluorescent indicator CM-H2DCFDA. Knockdown of EGFR in CL1-5 cells was infected with an EGFR-targeting small hairpin (interfering) RNA (shRNA)-containing lentivirus. RESULTS We present evidence that cells with high-level EGFR expression (CL1-5) are more resistant to SFN treatment than those with low-level expression (CL1-0). SFN treatment produced a similar increase in ROS and caused arrest of a cell population at S-phase accompanied by the induction of γH2AX, a DNA damage-response marker, in both cell sublines. However, SFN induced apoptosis only in the high-EGFR-expressing CL1-0 subline. Pretreatment with the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine prevented SFN-induced apoptosis in CL1-0 cells and production of γH2AX in both CL1-0 and CL1-5 cells. shRNA-mediated knockdown of EGFR in CL1-5 cells rendered the cells susceptible to SFN-induced apoptosis. CONCLUSION The cellular effects produced by SFN in NSCLC cells are largely mediated by SFN-induced production of ROS. Cells with higher levels of EGFR were more resistant to SFN treatment and showed resistance to SFN-induced apoptosis, suggesting that high EGFR levels protect cells from SFN-induced apoptosis. Despite this, we found that SFN retained the ability to inhibit the growth of NSCLC tumors with high-level EGFR expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong-Hong Wang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan; Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chin-Chuan Chen
- Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Yen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Min Shih
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Yuan Chen
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology and Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan; Tissue Bank, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Tao-Yuan 333, Taiwan.
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10
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Thomas PB, Seim I, Jeffery PL, Gahete MD, Maugham M, Crisp GJ, Stacey A, Shah ET, Walpole C, Whiteside EJ, Nelson CC, Herington AC, Luque RM, Veedu RN, Chopin LK. The long non-coding RNA GHSROS facilitates breast cancer cell migration and orthotopic xenograft tumour growth. Int J Oncol 2019; 55:1223-1236. [PMID: 31638176 PMCID: PMC6831199 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2019.4891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are dysregulated in cancer, and have critical roles in tumour development and progression. The present study investigated the ghrelin receptor antisense lncRNA growth hormone secretagogue receptor opposite strand (GHSROS) in breast cancer. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction revealed that GHSROS expression was significantly upregulated in breast tumour tissues compared with normal breast tissue. Induced overexpression of GHSROS in the MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line significantly increased cell migration in vitro, without affecting cell proliferation, a finding similar to our previous study on lung cancer cell lines. Microarray analysis revealed a significant repression of a small cluster of major histocompatibility class II genes and enrichment of immune response pathways; this phenomenon may allow tumour cells to better evade the immune system. Ectopic overexpression of GHSROS in the MDA-MB-231 cell line significantly increased orthotopic xenograft growth in mice, suggesting that in vitro culture does not fully capture the function of this lncRNA. This study demonstrated that GHSROS may serve a relevant role in breast cancer. Further studies are warranted to explore the function and therapeutic potential of this lncRNA in breast cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick B Thomas
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Inge Seim
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Penny L Jeffery
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Manuel D Gahete
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Michelle Maugham
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Gabrielle J Crisp
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Andrew Stacey
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Esha T Shah
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Carina Walpole
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | | | - Colleen C Nelson
- Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre-Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Adrian C Herington
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Raúl M Luque
- Maimonides Institute of Biomedical Research of Cordoba (IMIBIC), 14004 Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rakesh N Veedu
- Centre for Comparative Genomics, Murdoch University & Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, Western Australia 6150, Australia
| | - Lisa K Chopin
- Ghrelin Research Group, Translational Research Institute-Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4102, Australia
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11
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Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have recently considered as central regulators in diverse biological processes and emerged as vital players controlling tumorigenesis. Several lncRNAs can be classified into oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes depending on their function in cancer. A maternally expressed gene 3 (MEG3) gene transcripts a 1.6 kb lncRNA whose act as an antitumor component in different cancer cells, such as breast, liver, glioma, colorectal, cervical, gastric, lung, ovarian and osteosarcoma cancer cells. The present review highlights biological function of MEG3 to repress tumor through regulating the major tumor suppressor genes p53 and Rb, inhibiting angiogenesis-related factor, or controlling miRNAs. On the other hand, previous studies have also suggested that MEG3 mediates epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, deregulation of MEG3 is associated with the development and progression of cancer, suggesting that MEG3 may function as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for human cancers.
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12
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Lin Y, Leng Q, Zhan M, Jiang F. A Plasma Long Noncoding RNA Signature for Early Detection of Lung Cancer. Transl Oncol 2018; 11:1225-1231. [PMID: 30098474 PMCID: PMC6089091 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The early detection of lung cancer is a major clinical challenge. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have important functions in tumorigenesis. Plasma lncRNAs directly released from primary tumors or the circulating cancer cells might provide cell-free cancer biomarkers. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the lncRNAs could be used as plasma biomarkers for early-stage lung cancer. By using droplet digital polymerase chain reaction, we determined the diagnostic performance of 26 lung cancer–associated lncRNAs in plasma of a development cohort of 63 lung cancer patients and 33 cancer-free individuals, and a validation cohort of 39 lung cancer patients and 28 controls. In the development cohort, 7 of the 26 lncRNAs were reliably measured in plasma. Two (SNHG1 and RMRP) displayed a considerably high plasma level in lung cancer patients vs. cancer-free controls (all P < .001). Combined use of the plasma lncRNAs as a biomarker signature produced 84.13% sensitivity and 87.88% specificity for diagnosis of lung cancer, independent of stage and histological type of lung tumor, and patients' age and sex (all P > .05). The diagnostic value of the plasma lncRNA signature for lung cancer early detection was confirmed in the validation cohort. The plasma lncRNA signature may provide a potential blood-based assay for diagnosing lung cancer at the early stage. Nevertheless, a prospective study is warranted to validate its clinical value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanli Lin
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, No. 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China; Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine St. Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Qixin Leng
- Department of Cell Engineering, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, No. 20 Dongdajie Street, Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China
| | - Min Zhan
- Departments of Epidemiology & Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 660 W. Redwood St. Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Feng Jiang
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, 10 S. Pine St. Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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13
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Wei MM, Zhou GB. Long Non-coding RNAs and Their Roles in Non-small-cell Lung Cancer. GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS & BIOINFORMATICS 2016; 14:280-288. [PMID: 27397102 PMCID: PMC5093404 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, lung cancer is a collection of diseases with diverse etiologies which can be broadly classified into small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Lung cancer is characterized by genomic and epigenomic alterations; however, mechanisms underlying lung tumorigenesis remain to be elucidated. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a group of non-coding RNAs that consist of ⩾200 nucleotides but possess low or no protein-coding potential. Accumulating evidence indicates that abnormal expression of lncRNAs is associated with tumorigenesis of various cancers, including lung cancer, through multiple biological mechanisms involving epigenetic, transcriptional, and post-transcriptional alterations. In this review, we highlight the expression and roles of lncRNAs in NSCLC and discuss their potential clinical applications as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers, as well as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ming Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Guang-Biao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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14
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Jiang C, Li X, Zhao H, Liu H. Long non-coding RNAs: potential new biomarkers for predicting tumor invasion and metastasis. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:62. [PMID: 27686732 PMCID: PMC5043609 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0545-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play important roles in malignant neoplasia. Indeed, many hallmarks of cancer define that the malignant phenotype of tumor cells are controlled by lncRNAs. Despite a growing number of studies highlighting their importance in cancer, there has been no systematic review of metastasis-associated lncRNAs in various cancer types. Accordingly, we focus on the key metastasis-related lncRNAs and outline their expression status in cancer tissues by reviewing the previous stuides, in order to summarize the nowadays research achivements for lncRNAs related to cancer metastasis. Medline, EMBASE, as well as PubMed databases were applied to study lncRNAs which were tightly associated with tumor invasion and metastasis. Up to now, a substantial number of lncRNAs have been found to have important biological functions. In this review, according to their various features in cancer, lncRNAs were roughly divided into three categories: promoting tumor invasion and metastasis, negative regulation of tumor metastasis and with dual regulatory roles. The present studies may establish the foundation for both further research on the mechanisms of cancer progression and future lncRNA-based clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyang Jiang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 190 Jieyuan Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Lung Cancer Metastasis and Tumor Microenvironment, Tianjin Lung Cancer Institute; Department of Lung Cancer Surgery, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, 154 An Shan Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300052, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, 190 Jieyuan Road, Hongqiao District, Tianjin, 300121, People's Republic of China
| | - Huibin Liu
- Department of pharmacology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830011, People's Republic of China.
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15
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Xie W, Yuan S, Sun Z, Li Y. Long noncoding and circular RNAs in lung cancer: advances and perspectives. Epigenomics 2016; 8:1275-87. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2016-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Better understanding and management of lung cancer are needed. Although much has been learned from known protein coding genes, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), a relatively new and fast evolving large family of transcripts, have recently generated much attention for new discoveries. LncRNAs play critical regulatory functions and are emerging as new players in tumorigenesis and phenotypic determinators of lung cancer. In this review, we highlight the latest development of lncRNAs, including circular RNAs in lung cancer. We start with well-characterized lncRNAs and circular RNAs as an oncogene or tumor suppressor and then extend our discussion on the impact of SNPs in lncRNA on its functions and lung cancer risk and the clinical applications of lncRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijia Xie
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Yuan
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifu Sun
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Yafei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, People's Republic of China
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16
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Abstract
Despite great progress in research and treatment options, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Oncogenic driver mutations in protein-encoding genes were defined and allow for personalized therapies based on genetic diagnoses. Nonetheless, diagnosis of lung cancer mostly occurs at late stages, and chronic treatment is followed by a fast onset of chemoresistance. Hence, there is an urgent need for reliable biomarkers and alternative treatment options. With the era of whole genome and transcriptome sequencing technologies, long noncoding RNAs emerged as a novel class of versatile, functional RNA molecules. Although for most of them the mechanism of action remains to be defined, accumulating evidence confirms their involvement in various aspects of lung tumorigenesis. They are functional on the epigenetic, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional level and are regulators of pathophysiological key pathways including cell growth, apoptosis, and metastasis. Long noncoding RNAs are gaining increasing attention as potential biomarkers and a novel class of druggable molecules. It has become clear that we are only beginning to understand the complexity of tumorigenic processes. The clinical integration of long noncoding RNAs in terms of prognostic and predictive biomarker signatures and additional cancer targets could provide a chance to increase the therapeutic benefit. Here, we review the current knowledge about the expression, regulation, biological function, and clinical relevance of long noncoding RNAs in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roth
- Division of RNA Biology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 (B150), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Diederichs
- Division of RNA Biology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 (B150), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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17
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Tao H, Yang JJ, Zhou X, Deng ZY, Shi KH, Li J. Emerging role of long noncoding RNAs in lung cancer: Current status and future prospects. Respir Med 2015; 110:12-9. [PMID: 26603340 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Revised: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide with a 5-year survival rate of less than 15%, despite significant advances in both diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Combined genomic and transcriptomic sequencing studies have identified numerous genetic driver mutations that are responsible for the development of lung cancer. Importantly, these approaches have also uncovered the widespread expression of "noncoding RNAs" including long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs), which impact biologic responses through the regulation of mRNA transcription or translation. To date, most studies of the role of noncoding RNAs have focused on LncRNAs, which regulate mRNA translation via the RNA interference pathway. Although many of their attributes, such as patterns of expression, remain largely unknown, LncRNAs have key functions in transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and epigenetic gene regulation. Recent research showed that LncRNAs regulate flowering time in the lung cancer. In this review, we discuss these investigations into long noncoding RNAs were performed almost exclusively in lung cancer. Future work will need to extend these into lung cancer and to analyze how LncRNAs interact to regulate mRNA expression. From a clinical perspective, the targeting of LncRNAs as a novel therapeutic approach will require a deeper understanding of their function and mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Jing-Jing Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Zi-Yu Deng
- Department of Scientific and Educational, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Kai-Hu Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230601, China.
| | - Jun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230032, China
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18
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Khandelwal A, Bacolla A, Vasquez KM, Jain A. Long non-coding RNA: A new paradigm for lung cancer. Mol Carcinog 2015; 54:1235-51. [PMID: 26332907 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Recent advances in whole genome transcriptome analysis have enabled the identification of numerous members of a novel class of non-coding RNAs, i.e., long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), which play important roles in a wide range of biological processes and whose deregulation causes human disease, including cancer. Herein we provide a comprehensive survey of lncRNAs associated with lung cancer, with particular focus on the functions that either facilitate or inhibit the progression of lung cancer and the pathways involved. Emerging data on the use of lncRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer are also discussed. We cast this information within the wider perspective of lncRNA biogenesis and molecular functions in the cell. Relationships that exist between lncRNAs, genome-wide transcription, and lung cancer are discussed. Deepening our understanding on these processes is critical not only from a mechanistic standpoint, but also for the development of novel biomarkers and effective therapeutic targets for cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akanksha Khandelwal
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Albino Bacolla
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Karen M Vasquez
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Dell Pediatric Research Institute, University of Texas, Austin, Texas
| | - Aklank Jain
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Waknaghat, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
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19
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Sang H, Liu H, Xiong P, Zhu M. Long non-coding RNA functions in lung cancer. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:4027-37. [PMID: 25895460 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3449-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been discovered as a result of advances in sequencing methods in genomic research. Recent evidence indicates that lncRNAs may serve as gene regulators via various mechanisms, such as translational control. Dysregulation of lncRNAs contributes to the development and progression of several human diseases, notably lung cancer, which is one of the leading causes of cancer-associated death. Recent studies have identified key roles for molecules such as p53 and polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) in carcinogenesis and the anti-carcinogenic action of lncRNAs. These findings point to the potential of lncRNAs as prospective diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in lung cancer. In this review, we consider the functions of lncRNAs in translational control and discuss their involvement in lung cancer via p53, PRC2, and other pathways. We also consider the effects of modulating the levels and functions of lncRNAs. Further characterization of these lung cancer-associated lncRNAs will provide a better understanding of their potential roles as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiwei Sang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
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20
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Chi Y, Huang S, Yuan L, Liu M, Huang N, Zhou S, Zhou B, Wu J. Role of BC040587 as a predictor of poor outcome in breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2014; 14:123. [PMID: 25435812 PMCID: PMC4246536 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-014-0123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Accumulating studies have focused on the oncogenic and tumor suppressive roles of the newly identified lncRNAs. A novel lncRNA BC040587 in 3q13.31 locus which exists frequent copy number alterations was found to be associated with poor survival of osteosarcoma patients. However, its role in breast cancer (BC) remains unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the expression pattern of BC040587 in BC and to evaluate its biological role and clinical significance in prediction of prognosis. Methods Expression of BC040587 was analyzed in 20 pairs of BC cancer tissues and adjacent noncancerous tissues (ANCT), also in 151 BC tissues, 9 BC cell lines and one normal breast cell line by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Differences between groups were tested for significance using Student’s t-test (two-tailed). Then we analyzed the potential relationship between BC040587 expression and clinic pathological features of BC patients. The correlation was analyzed by SPSS software. Results It showed that BC040587 expression was down regulated both in BC samples and in BC cell lines compared with corresponding normal control. BC040587 expression was correlated with menopausal status (p = 0.040) and tumor differentiation (p = 0.035). The Kaplan-Meier survival curves indicated that the overall survival (OS) was significantly poor in low BC040587 expression BC patients (p = 0.023). Furthermore, expression of BC040587 was significantly associated with worse prognosis and was shown to be an independent prognostic marker breast cancer (p = 0.032). Our studies indicate that BC040587 may represent a new marker of prognosis in breast cancer. Conclusion Our studies indicate that BC040587 is significantly down-regulated in BC tissues and BC cell lines. BC040587 may represent a new marker of prognosis in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Chi
- Breast Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China ; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Sheng Huang
- Breast Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China ; Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China ; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Lin Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China ; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Mengying Liu
- Breast Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China ; Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China ; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Naisi Huang
- Breast Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China ; Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China ; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Shuling Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China ; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Bingqing Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China
| | - Jiong Wu
- Breast Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China ; Department of Breast Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, 200032 China ; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032 China
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