Acceptance of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among young women in a country with a high prevalence of HPV infection

Human papillomavirus prevalence and genotype distribution landscapes in Shannan City, Tibet Tibetan Autonomous Region, China

BACKGROUND

Data regarding human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence and genotype distribution are limited in Shannan City, Tibet Tibetan Autonomous Region, China. The purpose of this study is to provide reliable data for guiding women in Shannan City in cervical cancer screening and HPV vaccine innoculation.

METHODS

HPV testing was performed on women aged 16-109 years (mean age 44.03 ± 9.25 years) from Shannan City in 2019 and 2020, which was implemented technically by gynecological examination, vaginal discharge smear microscopy, cytology, and HPV detection. The overall prevalence, age-specific prevalence, and genotype distribution were analyzed.

RESULTS

A total of 48,126 women received HPV testing, of which 3929 were detected human papillomavirus. The HPV-positive rate was 8.16% (3929/48,126), and the highest prevalence was in the ≤ 25-year-old age group (12.68%). After the age of 25, the prevalence rate decreased rapidly, and then slowly increased from 7.49% in the 46-55 age group to 9.82% in the ≥ 66 age group, showing a "U-shaped" pattern. The positive prevalence of HPV 16 or 18-only was 1.43%, that of other HPV genotypes except HPV 16 or 18 was 6.39%, and mixed HPV infections including HPV 16 or 18 was 0.34%.

CONCLUSIONS

The HPV infection rate in Shannan city is rather low, and the age-specific prevalence of HPV infection presents a "U" curve, suggesting the importance of screening among younger women and the necessity of detection among older women.

The prevalence, trends, and geographical distribution of human papillomavirus infection in China: The pooled analysis of 1.7 million women

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection which continues to be the most common sexually transmitted disease, has been identified as a major risk factor for cervical cancer. Therefore, it is very important to understand and grasp the distribution of HPV in Chinese population, and make the foundation for the development of cervical cancer vaccine in China. An extensive search strategy was conducted in multiple literature databases. All retrieved studies were screened by October 31, 2018. The prevalence of HPV infection was analyzed using random effects model. A total of 68 studies satisfied the inclusion criteria for our study. The national overall prevalence of HPV infection was 15.54% (95% CI: 13.83%-17.24%). we also performed subgroup analysis by age, geographic location, level of economic development, HPV assay method, and type of HPV infection. The top 5 common HPV types detected in general population, were HPV 16 (3.52%, 95% CI: 3.18%-3.86%), 52 (2.20%, 95% CI: 1.93%-2.46%), 58 (2.10%, 95% CI: 1.88%-2.32%), 18 (1.20%, 95% CI: 1.05%-1.35%), and 33 (1.02%, 95% CI: 0.89%-1.14%). Except for the higher prevalence of HPV infection in 2009 and 2010, the prevalence of HPV infection in other years changed little, ranged from 13.2% to 17.4%. HPV type in Chinese women was quite distinctive. HPV infection played a critical role in the occurrence of cervical cancer, understanding the distribution of HPV type and performing the HPV type testing had important clinical value for colposcopy referral and increasing the detection rate. Therefore, our findings could provide evidence for cervical cancer screening and vaccine, in order to reduce the burden of cervical cancer.