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Trejo-Solís C, Castillo-Rodríguez RA, Serrano-García N, Silva-Adaya D, Vargas-Cruz S, Chávez-Cortéz EG, Gallardo-Pérez JC, Zavala-Vega S, Cruz-Salgado A, Magaña-Maldonado R. Metabolic Roles of HIF1, c-Myc, and p53 in Glioma Cells. Metabolites 2024; 14:249. [PMID: 38786726 PMCID: PMC11122955 DOI: 10.3390/metabo14050249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The metabolic reprogramming that promotes tumorigenesis in glioblastoma is induced by dynamic alterations in the hypoxic tumor microenvironment, as well as in transcriptional and signaling networks, which result in changes in global genetic expression. The signaling pathways PI3K/AKT/mTOR and RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK stimulate cell metabolism, either directly or indirectly, by modulating the transcriptional factors p53, HIF1, and c-Myc. The overexpression of HIF1 and c-Myc, master regulators of cellular metabolism, is a key contributor to the synthesis of bioenergetic molecules that mediate glioma cell transformation, proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion by modifying the transcription levels of key gene groups involved in metabolism. Meanwhile, the tumor-suppressing protein p53, which negatively regulates HIF1 and c-Myc, is often lost in glioblastoma. Alterations in this triad of transcriptional factors induce a metabolic shift in glioma cells that allows them to adapt and survive changes such as mutations, hypoxia, acidosis, the presence of reactive oxygen species, and nutrient deprivation, by modulating the activity and expression of signaling molecules, enzymes, metabolites, transporters, and regulators involved in glycolysis and glutamine metabolism, the pentose phosphate cycle, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation, as well as the synthesis and degradation of fatty acids and nucleic acids. This review summarizes our current knowledge on the role of HIF1, c-Myc, and p53 in the genic regulatory network for metabolism in glioma cells, as well as potential therapeutic inhibitors of these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Trejo-Solís
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Laboratorio Clínico y Banco de Sangre y Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (N.S.-G.); (D.S.-A.); (S.Z.-V.)
| | | | - Norma Serrano-García
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Laboratorio Clínico y Banco de Sangre y Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (N.S.-G.); (D.S.-A.); (S.Z.-V.)
| | - Daniela Silva-Adaya
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Laboratorio Clínico y Banco de Sangre y Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (N.S.-G.); (D.S.-A.); (S.Z.-V.)
- Centro de Investigación Sobre el Envejecimiento, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CIE-CINVESTAV), Ciudad de Mexico 14330, Mexico
| | - Salvador Vargas-Cruz
- Departamento de Cirugía, Hospital Ángeles del Pedregal, Camino a Sta. Teresa, Ciudad de Mexico 10700, Mexico;
| | | | - Juan Carlos Gallardo-Pérez
- Departamento de Fisiopatología Cardio-Renal, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología, Ciudad de Mexico 14080, Mexico;
| | - Sergio Zavala-Vega
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Laboratorio Clínico y Banco de Sangre y Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (N.S.-G.); (D.S.-A.); (S.Z.-V.)
| | - Arturo Cruz-Salgado
- Centro de Investigación Sobre Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca 62100, Mexico;
| | - Roxana Magaña-Maldonado
- Laboratorio Experimental de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Departamento de Neurofisiología, Laboratorio Clínico y Banco de Sangre y Laboratorio de Reprogramación Celular, Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Ciudad de Mexico 14269, Mexico; (N.S.-G.); (D.S.-A.); (S.Z.-V.)
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Wu J, Ji H, Li T, Guo H, Xu H, Zhu J, Tian J, Gao M, Wang X, Zhang A. Targeting the prostate tumor microenvironment by plant-derived natural products. Cell Signal 2024; 115:111011. [PMID: 38104704 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2023.111011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is among the most common malignancies for men, with limited therapy options for last stages of the tumor. There are some different options for treatment and control of prostate tumor growth. However, targeting some specific molecules and cells within tumors has been attracted interests in recent years. The tumor microenvironment (TME) has an important role in the initiation of various malignancies, which can also expand the progression of tumor and facilitate invasion of malignant cells. By regulating immune responses and distinct changes in the metabolism of cells in the tumor, TME has substantial effects in the resistance of cancer cells to therapy. TME in various solid cancers like prostate cancer includes various cells, including cancer cells, supportive stromal cells, immunosuppressive cells, and anticancer inflammatory cells. Natural products including herbal-derived agents and also other natural compounds have been well studied for their anti-tumor potentials. These compounds may modulate various signaling pathways involved in TME, such as immune responses, the metabolism of cells, epigenetics, angiogenesis, and extracellular matrix (ECM). This paper provides a review of the current knowledge of prostate TME and complex interactions in this environment. Additionally, the potential use of natural products and also nanoparticles loaded with natural products as therapeutic adjuvants on different cells and therapeutic targets within prostate TME will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiacheng Wu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, 226361, China
| | - Hao Ji
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, 226361, China
| | - Tiantian Li
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, 226361, China
| | - Haifeng Guo
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, 226361, China
| | - HaiFei Xu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, 226361, China
| | - Jinfeng Zhu
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, 226361, China
| | - Jiale Tian
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, 226361, China
| | - Mingde Gao
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, 226361, China
| | - Xiaolin Wang
- Department of Urology, Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, 226361, China.
| | - Aihua Zhang
- The operating room of Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Nantong University & Nantong Tumor Hospital, 226361, China.
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Brockmueller A, Sajeev A, Koklesova L, Samuel SM, Kubatka P, Büsselberg D, Kunnumakkara AB, Shakibaei M. Resveratrol as sensitizer in colorectal cancer plasticity. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2024; 43:55-85. [PMID: 37507626 PMCID: PMC11016130 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-023-10126-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Despite tremendous medical treatment successes, colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Chemotherapy as monotherapy can lead to significant side effects and chemoresistance that can be linked to several resistance-activating biological processes, including an increase in inflammation, cellular plasticity, multidrug resistance (MDR), inhibition of the sentinel gene p53, and apoptosis. As a consequence, tumor cells can escape the effectiveness of chemotherapeutic agents. This underscores the need for cross-target therapeutic approaches that are not only pharmacologically safe but also modulate multiple potent signaling pathways and sensitize cancer cells to overcome resistance to standard drugs. In recent years, scientists have been searching for natural compounds that can be used as chemosensitizers in addition to conventional medications for the synergistic treatment of CRC. Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic phytoalexin found in various fruits and vegetables such as peanuts, berries, and red grapes, is one of the most effective natural chemopreventive agents. Abundant in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that resveratrol, in interaction with standard drugs, is an effective chemosensitizer for CRC cells to chemotherapeutic agents and thus prevents drug resistance by modulating multiple pathways, including transcription factors, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition-plasticity, proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, cell cycle, and apoptosis. The ability of resveratrol to modify multiple subcellular pathways that may suppress cancer cell plasticity and reversal of chemoresistance are critical parameters for understanding its anti-cancer effects. In this review, we focus on the chemosensitizing properties of resveratrol in CRC and, thus, its potential importance as an additive to ongoing treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranka Brockmueller
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Anjana Sajeev
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Lenka Koklesova
- Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Kollarova 2, 03601, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Samson Mathews Samuel
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (Medbay), Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4, 03601, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (Medbay), Education City, Qatar Foundation, 24144, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India
| | - Mehdi Shakibaei
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 11, D-80336, Munich, Germany.
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Shaikh MH, Dawson A, Prokopec SD, Barrett JW, Y F Zeng P, Khan MI, Ryan SEB, Cecchini M, Palma DA, Mymryk JS, Boutros PC, Nichols AC. Loss of LRP1B expression drives acquired chemo and radio-resistance in HPV-positive head and neck cancer. Oral Oncol 2023; 146:106580. [PMID: 37778229 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2023.106580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although human papillomavirus positive (HPV+) oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients typically experience excellent survival, 15-20 % of patients recur after treatment with chemotherapy and radiation. Therefore, there is a need for biomarkers of treatment failure to guide treatment intensity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Whole genome sequencing was carried out on HPV+OPSCC patients who were primarily treated with concurrent chemotherapy (cisplatin) and radiation. We then explored whether the loss of LRP1Bwas sufficient to drive an aggressive phenotype, and promote a resistance to cisplatin and radiation therapy both in vitro using HPV+ cell lines (93VU147T, UMSCC47, UWO37 and UWO23) and in vivo. RESULTS Through integrative genomic analysis of three HPV+OPSCC tumour datasets, we identified that deletion of LRP1B was enriched in samples that recurred following chemo-radiation. Knockdown using siRNA in four HPV+ cell lines (UWO23, UWO37, UMSCC47 and 93VU147T) resulted in increased proliferation of all cases. CRISPR/Cas9 deletion of LRP1B in the same cell line panel demonstrated increased proliferation, clonogenic growth and migration, as well as resistance to both cisplatin and radiation in LRP1B deleted cells compared to their respective non-targeting control cells. Cell line derived xenograft studies indicated that the LRP1B knockout tumours were more resistant to cisplatin and radiation therapy compared to their controls invivo. CONCLUSION Taken together, our work implicates LRP1B deletion as a potential biomarker for identifying treatment resistant HPV+ OPSCC cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mushfiq H Shaikh
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alice Dawson
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - John W Barrett
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Y F Zeng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mohammed I Khan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah E B Ryan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Matthew Cecchini
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Palma
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joe S Mymryk
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Microbiology & Immunology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Centre, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony C Nichols
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Oncology, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada.
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Jameel M, Fatma H, Nadtochii LA, Siddique HR. Molecular Insight into Prostate Cancer: Preventive Role of Selective Bioactive Molecules. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1976. [PMID: 37895357 PMCID: PMC10608662 DOI: 10.3390/life13101976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (CaP) is one of the most prevalent male malignancies, accounting for a considerable number of annual mortalities. However, the prompt identification of early-stage CaP often faces delays due to diverse factors, including socioeconomic inequalities. The androgen receptor (AR), in conjunction with various other signaling pathways, exerts a central influence on the genesis, progression, and metastasis of CaP, with androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) serving as the primary therapeutic strategy. Therapeutic modalities encompassing surgery, chemotherapy, hormonal intervention, and radiotherapy have been formulated for addressing early and metastatic CaP. Nonetheless, the heterogeneous tumor microenvironment frequently triggers the activation of signaling pathways, culminating in the emergence of chemoresistance, an aspect to which cancer stem cells (CSCs) notably contribute. Phytochemicals emerge as reservoirs of bioactive agents conferring manifold advantages against human morbidity. Several of these phytochemicals demonstrate potential chemoprotective and chemosensitizing properties against CaP, with selectivity exhibited towards malignant cells while sparing their normal counterparts. In this context, the present review aims to elucidate the intricate molecular underpinnings associated with metastatic CaP development and the acquisition of chemoresistance. Moreover, the contributions of phytochemicals to ameliorating CaP initiation, progression, and chemoresistance are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Jameel
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India (H.F.)
| | - Homa Fatma
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India (H.F.)
| | - Liudmila A. Nadtochii
- Department of Microbiology, Saint Petersburg State Chemical & Pharmaceutical University, 197022 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Hifzur R. Siddique
- Molecular Cancer Genetics & Translational Research Lab, Section of Genetics, Department of Zoology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh 202002, India (H.F.)
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Sanati M, Afshari AR, Ahmadi SS, Moallem SA, Sahebkar A. Modulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system by phytochemicals: Therapeutic implications in malignancies with an emphasis on brain tumors. Biofactors 2023; 49:782-819. [PMID: 37162294 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Regarding the multimechanistic nature of cancers, current chemo- or radiotherapies often fail to eradicate disease pathology, and frequent relapses or resistance to therapies occur. Brain malignancies, particularly glioblastomas, are difficult-to-treat cancers due to their highly malignant and multidimensional biology. Unfortunately, patients suffering from malignant tumors often experience poor prognoses and short survival periods. Thus far, significant efforts have been conducted to discover novel and more effective modalities. To that end, modulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has attracted tremendous interest since it affects the homeostasis of proteins critically engaged in various cell functions, for example, cell metabolism, survival, proliferation, and differentiation. With their safe and multimodal actions, phytochemicals are among the promising therapeutic tools capable of turning the operation of various UPS elements. The present review, along with an updated outline of the role of UPS dysregulation in multiple cancers, provided a detailed discussion on the impact of phytochemicals on the UPS function in malignancies, especially brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Sanati
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
- Experimental and Animal Study Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Amir R Afshari
- Natural Products and Medicinal Plants Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Seyed Sajad Ahmadi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Khatam-Ol-Anbia Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Adel Moallem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Al-Zahraa University for Women, Karbala, Iraq
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Lim C, Lee P, Shim S, Jang SW. HS‑1793 inhibits cell proliferation in lung cancer by interfering with the interaction between p53 and MDM2. Oncol Lett 2022; 24:290. [PMID: 35928802 PMCID: PMC9344265 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2022.13410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor or tumor suppressor protein p53 regulates numerous cellular functions, including cell proliferation, invasion, migration, senescence and apoptosis, in various types of cancer. HS-1793 is an analog of resveratrol, which exhibits anti-cancer effects on various types of cancer, including breast, prostate, colon and renal cancer, and multiple myeloma. However, to the best of our knowledge, the role of HS-1793 in lung cancer remains to be examined. The present study aimed to investigate the anti-cancer effect of HS-1793 on lung cancer and to determine its association with p53. The results revealed that HS-1793 reduced cell proliferation in lung cancer and increased p53 stability, thereby elevating the expression levels of the target genes p21 and mouse double minute 2 homolog (MDM2). When the levels of MDM2, a negative regulator of p53, are increased under normal conditions, MDM2 binds and degrades p53; however, HS-1793 inhibited this binding, confirming that p53 protein stability was increased. In conclusion, the findings of the present study provide new evidence that HS-1793 may inhibit lung cancer proliferation by disrupting the p53-MDM2 interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chungun Lim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138‑736, Republic of Korea
| | - Peter Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138‑736, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungbo Shim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, North Chungcheong 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Wuk Jang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul 138‑736, Republic of Korea
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Hypoxia as a Modulator of Inflammation and Immune Response in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092291. [PMID: 35565420 PMCID: PMC9099524 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A clear association between hypoxia and cancer has heretofore been established; however, it has not been completely developed. In this sense, the understanding of the tumoral microenvironment is critical to dissect the complexity of cancer, including the reduction in oxygen distribution inside the tumoral mass, defined as tumoral hypoxia. Moreover, hypoxia not only influences the tumoral cells but also the surrounding cells, including those related to the inflammatory processes. In this review, we analyze the participation of HIF, NF-κB, and STAT signaling pathways as the main components that interconnect hypoxia and immune response and how they modulate tumoral growth. In addition, we closely examine the participation of the immune cells and how they are affected by hypoxia, the effects of the progression of cancer, and some innovative applications that take advantage of this knowledge, to suggest potential therapies. Therefore, we contribute to the understanding of the complexity of cancer to propose innovative therapeutic strategies in the future.
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The Effects of Resveratrol on Prostate Cancer through Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment. J Xenobiot 2021; 11:16-32. [PMID: 33535458 PMCID: PMC7931005 DOI: 10.3390/jox11010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers diagnosed in men in the United States and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Since over 60% of prostate cancer cases occur in men over 65 years of age, and this population will increase steadily in the coming years, prostate cancer will be a major cancer-related burden in the foreseeable future. Accumulating data from more recent research suggest that the tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a previously unrecognized role in every stage of cancer development, including initiation, proliferation, and metastasis. Prostate cancer is not only diagnosed in the late stages of life, but also progresses relatively slowly. This makes prostate cancer an ideal model system for exploring the potential of natural products as cancer prevention and/or treatment reagents because they usually act relatively slowly compared to most synthetic drugs. Resveratrol (RSV) is a naturally occurring stilbenoid and possesses strong anti-cancer properties with few adverse effects. Accumulating data from both in vitro and in vivo experiments indicate that RSV can interfere with prostate cancer initiation and progression by targeting the TME. Therefore, this review is aimed to summarize the recent advancement in RSV-inhibited prostate cancer initiation, proliferation, and metastasis as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms, with particular emphasis on the effect of RSV on TME. This will not only better our understanding of prostate cancer TMEs, but also pave the way for the development of RSV as a potential reagent for prostate cancer prevention and/or therapy.
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Zheng H, Bai L. Hypoxia induced microRNA-301b-3p overexpression promotes proliferation, migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells by targeting LRP1B. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 111:104301. [PMID: 31442444 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a high burden on society worldwide due to its high morbidity and mortality. Growing evidence has implicated microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) in the occurrence and progression of prostate cancer. The present study was conducted with main emphasis put on the possible effect of hypoxia-induced miR-301b-3p on prostate cancer by targeting low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1B (LRP1B). Firstly, the differentially expressed genes were identified by conducting microarray-based gene expression profiling of prostate cancer. Next, the expression of miR-301b-3p in prostate cancer cells was examined in cells treated with 1% oxygen or dimethyloxalylglycine (DMOG), and the cell line with the highest miR-301b-3p expression was selected for subsequent experiments. Subsequently, the target relationship between miR-301b-3p and LRP1B was identified. The effect of miR-301b-3p and LRP1B on cell proliferation, migration and invasion as well as tumorigenicity of transfected cells was examined using the gain- and loss-of-function approaches. Hypoxia induced miR-301b-3p was highly expressed while LRP1B was poorly expressed in prostate cancer. Moreover, miR-301b-3p could down-regulate LRP1B by interacting with LRP1B, which acted to promote the proliferation, migration and invasion abilities of prostate cancer cells in addition to tumor growth in vivo. In addition, up-regulation of LRP1B can reverse the promoting effect of miR-301b-3p on the aforementioned factors. Collectively, up-regulation of miR-301b-3p induced by hypoxia could potentially accelerate proliferation, migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells via the inhibitory effect on LRP1B expression, highlighting that miR-301b-3p may be instrumental for the therapeutic targeting of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010050, PR China
| | - Ligang Bai
- Department of Urology Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010050, PR China.
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Herbal nutraceuticals: safe and potent therapeutics to battle tumor hypoxia. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2019; 146:1-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s00432-019-03068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Kim DH, Sung B, Kim JA, Kang YJ, Hwang SY, Hwang NL, Suh H, Choi YH, Im E, Chung HY, Kim ND. HS-1793, a resveratrol analogue, downregulates the expression of hypoxia-induced HIF-1 and VEGF and inhibits tumor growth of human breast cancer cells in a nude mouse xenograft model. Int J Oncol 2017; 51:715-723. [DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Kim DH, Kim MJ, Sung B, Suh H, Jung JH, Chung HY, Kim ND. Resveratrol analogue, HS-1793, induces apoptotic cell death and cell cycle arrest through downregulation of AKT in human colon cancer cells. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:281-288. [PMID: 27840966 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound, is a naturally occurring phytochemical and is found in a variety of plants, including grapes, berries and peanuts. It has gained much attention for its potential anticancer activity against various types of human cancer. However, the usefulness of resveratrol as a chemotherapeutic agent is limited by its photosensitivity and metabolic instability. In this study the effects of a synthetic analogue of resveratrol, HS-1793, on the proliferation and apoptotic cell death were investigated using HCT116 human colon cancer cells. Although this compound has been reported to have anticancer activities in several human cancer cell lines, the therapeutic effects of HS-1793 on human colon cancer and its mechanisms of action have not been extensively studied. HS-1793 inhibited cell growth and induced apoptotic cell death in a concentration-dependent fashion. Induction of apoptosis was determined by morphological changes, cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, alteration of Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio, and caspase activations. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that HS-1793 induced G2/M arrest in the cell cycle progression in HCT116 cells. Furthermore, HS-1793 showed more potent anticancer effects in several aspects than resveratrol in HCT116 cells. In addition, HS-1793 suppressed Akt and the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt inhibitor LY294002 was found to enhance its induction of apoptosis. Thus, these findings suggest that HS-1793 have potential as a candidate chemotherapeutic agent against human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongsuk Suh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee H Jung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Kumar M, Dhatwalia SK, Dhawan DK. Role of angiogenic factors of herbal origin in regulation of molecular pathways that control tumor angiogenesis. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:14341-14354. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5330-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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15
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Yang YJ, Na HJ, Suh MJ, Ban MJ, Byeon HK, Kim WS, Kim JW, Choi EC, Kwon HJ, Chang JW, Koh YW. Hypoxia Induces Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Follicular Thyroid Cancer: Involvement of Regulation of Twist by Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1α. Yonsei Med J 2015; 56:1503-14. [PMID: 26446630 PMCID: PMC4630036 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2015.56.6.1503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Although follicular thyroid cancer (FTC) has a relatively fair prognosis, distant metastasis sometimes results in poor prognosis and survival. There is little understanding of the mechanisms contributing to the aggressiveness potential of thyroid cancer. We showed that hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) induced aggressiveness in FTC cells and identified the underlying mechanism of the HIF-1α-induced invasive characteristics. MATERIALS AND METHODS Cells were cultured under controlled hypoxic environments (1% O₂) or normoxic conditions. The effect of hypoxia on HIF-1α, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) related markers were evaluated by quantitative real-time PCR, Western blot analysis and immunocytochemistry. Invasion and wound healing assay were conducted to identify functional character of EMT. The involvement of HIF-1α and Twist in EMT were studied using gene overexpression or silencing. After orthotopic nude mouse model was established using the cells transfected with lentiviral shHIF-1α, tissue analysis was done. RESULTS Hypoxia induces HIF-1α expression and EMT, including typical morphologic changes, cadherin shift, and increased vimentin expression. We showed that overexpression of HIF-1α via transfection resulted in the aforementioned changes without hypoxia, and repression of HIF-1α with RNA interference suppressed hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and EMT. Furthermore, we also observed that Twist expression was regulated by HIF-1α. These were confirmed in the orthotopic FTC model. CONCLUSION Hypoxia induced HIF-1α, which in turn induced EMT, resulting in the increased capacity for invasion and migration of cells via regulation of the Twist signal pathway in FTC cells. These findings provide insight into a possible therapeutic strategy to prevent invasive and metastatic FTC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ju Yang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwi Jung Na
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Michelle J Suh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung Jin Ban
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Kwon Byeon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Shik Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Wook Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Chang Choi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyeong Ju Kwon
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Won Chang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Yoon Woo Koh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Kim DH, Sung B, Kang YJ, Hwang SY, Kim MJ, Yoon JH, Im E, Kim ND. Sulforaphane inhibits hypoxia-induced HIF-1α and VEGF expression and migration of human colon cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2015; 47:2226-32. [PMID: 26498863 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2015.3200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of sulforaphane (a natural product commonly found in broccoli) was investigated on hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) expression in HCT116 human colon cancer cells and AGS human gastric cancer cells. We found that hypoxia-induced HIF-1α protein expression in HCT116 and AGS cells, while treatment with sulforaphane markedly and concentration-dependently inhibited HIF-1α expression in both cell lines. Treatment with sulforaphane inhibited hypoxia-induced vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in HCT116 cells. Treatment with sulforaphane modulated the effect of hypoxia on HIF-1α stability. However, degradation of HIF-1α by sulforaphane was not mediated through the 26S proteasome pathway. We also found that the inhibition of HIF-1α by sulforaphane was not mediated through AKT and extracellular signal-regulated kinase phosphorylation under hypoxic conditions. Finally, hypoxia-induced HCT116 cell migration was inhibited by sulforaphane. These data suggest that sulforaphane may inhibit human colon cancer progression and cancer cell angiogenesis by inhibiting HIF-1α and VEGF expression. Taken together, these results indicate that sulforaphane is a new and potent chemopreventive drug candidate for treating patients with human colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jung Kang
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Yeon Hwang
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Jeong Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunok Im
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 46241, Republic of Korea
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Immune evasion in cancer: Mechanistic basis and therapeutic strategies. Semin Cancer Biol 2015; 35 Suppl:S185-S198. [PMID: 25818339 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2015.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 972] [Impact Index Per Article: 108.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immune evasion is a major stumbling block in designing effective anticancer therapeutic strategies. Although considerable progress has been made in understanding how cancers evade destructive immunity, measures to counteract tumor escape have not kept pace. There are a number of factors that contribute to tumor persistence despite having a normal host immune system. Immune editing is one of the key aspects why tumors evade surveillance causing the tumors to lie dormant in patients for years through "equilibrium" and "senescence" before re-emerging. In addition, tumors exploit several immunological processes such as targeting the regulatory T cell function or their secretions, antigen presentation, modifying the production of immune suppressive mediators, tolerance and immune deviation. Besides these, tumor heterogeneity and metastasis also play a critical role in tumor growth. A number of potential targets like promoting Th1, NK cell, γδ T cell responses, inhibiting Treg functionality, induction of IL-12, use of drugs including phytochemicals have been designed to counter tumor progression with much success. Some natural agents and phytochemicals merit further study. For example, use of certain key polysaccharide components from mushrooms and plants have shown to possess therapeutic impact on tumor-imposed genetic instability, anti-growth signaling, replicative immortality, dysregulated metabolism etc. In this review, we will discuss the advances made toward understanding the basis of cancer immune evasion and summarize the efficacy of various therapeutic measures and targets that have been developed or are being investigated to enhance tumor rejection.
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Merkle W. Prostatakarzinomprophylaxe durch Nahrungsergänzungsmittel. Urologe A 2014; 53:1610-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00120-014-3614-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wang F, Zhang W, Guo L, Bao W, Jin N, Liu R, Liu P, Wang Y, Guo Q, Chen B. Gambogic acid suppresses hypoxia-induced hypoxia-inducible factor-1α/vascular endothelial growth factor expression via inhibiting phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target protein of rapamycin pathway in multiple myeloma cells. Cancer Sci 2014; 105:1063-70. [PMID: 24890366 PMCID: PMC4317858 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2014] [Revised: 05/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
In multiple myeloma (MM), the hypoxic environment is an important factor causing tumor angiogenesis, which is strongly correlated to disease progression and unfavorable outcome by activating the key transcription factor, hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Gambogic acid (GA) is the major active ingredient of gamboge, which has been shown to possess antitumor effect by in vitro and in vivo study. However, the underlying molecular mechanism of whether GA inhibits tumor angiogenesis remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the effects of GA on expression of HIF-1α, and its downstream target gene vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human MM U266 cells. We found that hypoxia induced increase in the level of HIF-1α subunit protein and activated the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target protein of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. Moreover, the treatment with GA markedly decreased HIF-1α and VEGF expression under hypoxic conditions. Mechanistic studies exhibited that GA inhibited the production of HIF-1α by reducing phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR in U266 cells. Furthermore, in vivo study revealed that intravenous injection of GA once every other day for 2 weeks could suppress tumor volumes by antiangiogenesis activity. Taken together, our results identify that GA suppresses hypoxia-activated pathways that are linked to MM progression, at least partly, by the inhibition of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway. Therefore, GA may be a new potent therapeutic agent against human MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Wang
- Department of Hematology and Oncology (Key Department of Jiangsu Medicine), Medical School, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
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Effect of antioxidants supplementation on aging and longevity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:404680. [PMID: 24783202 PMCID: PMC3982418 DOI: 10.1155/2014/404680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
If aging is due to or contributed by free radical reactions, as postulated by the free radical theory of aging, lifespan of organisms should be extended by administration of exogenous antioxidants. This paper reviews data on model organisms concerning the effects of exogenous antioxidants (antioxidant vitamins, lipoic acid, coenzyme Q, melatonin, resveratrol, curcumin, other polyphenols, and synthetic antioxidants including antioxidant nanoparticles) on the lifespan of model organisms. Mechanisms of effects of antioxidants, often due to indirect antioxidant action or to action not related to the antioxidant properties of the compounds administered, are discussed. The legitimacy of antioxidant supplementation in human is considered.
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Kim JA, Kim DH, Hossain MA, Kim MY, Sung B, Yoon JH, Suh H, Jeong TC, Chung HY, Kim ND. HS-1793, a resveratrol analogue, induces cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death in human breast cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2013; 44:473-80. [PMID: 24316714 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2013.2207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Resveratrol, a polyphenolic compound, is a naturally occurring phytochemical and is found in a variety of plants, including food such as grapes, berries and peanuts. It has gained much attention for its potential anticancer activity against various types of human cancer. However, the usefulness of resveratrol as a chemotherapeutic agent is limited by its photosensitivity and metabolic instability. In this study the effects of a synthetic analogue of resveratrol, HS-1793, on the proliferation and apoptotic cell death were investigated using MCF-7 (wild-type p53) and MDA-MB-231 (mutant p53) human breast cancer cells. HS-1793 inhibited cell growth and induced apoptotic cell death in a concentration-dependent manner. The induction of apoptosis was determined by morphological changes, cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) poly-merase, alteration of Bax/Bcl-2 expression ratio and caspase activities. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that HS-1793 induced G2/M arrest in the cell cycle progression in both types of cells. Of note, HS-1793 induced p53/p21WAF1/CIP1-dependent apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, whereas it exhibited p53-independent apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. Furthermore, HS-1793 showed more potent anticancer effects in several aspects compared to resveratrol in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells. Thus, these findings suggest that HS-1793 has potential as a candidate chemotherapeutic agent against human breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ah Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwan Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Akbar Hossain
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Young Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Bokyung Sung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Hyun Yoon
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongsuk Suh
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Cheon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Young Chung
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Deuk Kim
- Department of Pharmacy, Molecular Inflammation Research Center for Aging Intervention, Pusan National University, Busan 609-735, Republic of Korea
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