1
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Aaen P, Kristensen KB, Antony A, Hansen SH, Cornett C, Pedersen SF, Boedtkjer E. Na +/H +-exchange inhibition by cariporide is compensated via Na +,HCO 3--cotransport and has no net growth consequences for ErbB2-driven breast carcinomas. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167450. [PMID: 39111631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2024] [Revised: 07/17/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
Defense against intracellular acidification of breast cancer tissue depends on net acid extrusion via Na+,HCO3--cotransporter NBCn1/Slc4a7 and Na+/H+-exchanger NHE1/Slc9a1. NBCn1 is increasingly recognized as breast cancer susceptibility protein and promising therapeutic target, whereas evidence for targeting NHE1 is discordant. Currently, selective small molecule inhibitors exist against NHE1 but not NBCn1. Cellular assays-with some discrepancies-link NHE1 activity to proliferation, migration, and invasion; and disrupted NHE1 expression can reduce triple-negative breast cancer growth. Studies on human breast cancer tissue associate high NHE1 expression with reduced metastasis and-in some molecular subtypes-improved patient survival. Here, we evaluate Na+/H+-exchange and therapeutic potential of the NHE1 inhibitor cariporide/HOE-642 in murine ErbB2-driven breast cancer. Ex vivo, cariporide inhibits net acid extrusion in breast cancer tissue (IC50 = 0.18 μM) and causes small decreases in steady-state intracellular pH (pHi). In vivo, we deliver cariporide orally, by osmotic minipumps, and by intra- and peritumoral injections to address the low oral bioavailability and fast metabolism. Prolonged cariporide administration in vivo upregulates NBCn1 expression, shifts pHi regulation towards CO2/HCO3--dependent mechanisms, and shows no net effect on the growth rate of ErbB2-driven primary breast carcinomas. Cariporide also does not influence proliferation markers in breast cancer tissue. Oral, but not parenteral, cariporide elevates serum glucose by ∼1.5 mM. In conclusion, acute administration of cariporide ex vivo powerfully inhibits net acid extrusion from breast cancer tissue but lowers steady-state pHi minimally. Prolonged cariporide administration in vivo is compensated via NBCn1 and we observe no discernible effect on growth of ErbB2-driven breast carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pernille Aaen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Arththy Antony
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen H Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Cornett
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stine F Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ebbe Boedtkjer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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2
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Stock C. pH-regulated single cell migration. Pflugers Arch 2024; 476:639-658. [PMID: 38214759 PMCID: PMC11006768 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-024-02907-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, extra- and intracellular pH have emerged as fundamental regulators of cell motility. Fundamental physiological and pathological processes relying on appropriate cell migration, such as embryonic development, wound healing, and a proper immune defense on the one hand, and autoimmune diseases, metastatic cancer, and the progression of certain parasitic diseases on the other, depend on surrounding pH. In addition, migrating single cells create their own localized pH nanodomains at their surface and in the cytosol. By this means, the migrating cells locally modulate their adhesion to, and the re-arrangement and digestion of, the extracellular matrix. At the same time, the cytosolic nanodomains tune cytoskeletal dynamics along the direction of movement resulting in concerted lamellipodia protrusion and rear end retraction. Extracellular pH gradients as found in wounds, inflamed tissues, or the periphery of tumors stimulate directed cell migration, and long-term exposure to acidic conditions can engender a more migratory and invasive phenotype persisting for hours up to several generations of cells after they have left the acidic milieu. In the present review, the different variants of pH-dependent single cell migration are described. The underlying pH-dependent molecular mechanisms such as conformational changes of adhesion molecules, matrix protease activity, actin (de-)polymerization, and signaling events are explained, and molecular pH sensors stimulated by H+ signaling are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Infectiology & Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
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3
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Koch A, Hofschröer V, Schwab A. Na + /H + exchanger NHE1 is active at cell-cell contacts and facilitates cell dissemination during collective migration of melanoma cells. Exp Dermatol 2024; 33:e14983. [PMID: 38009253 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Tumour cell detachment from the primary tumour is an early and crucial step of the metastatic cascade. At the single cell level, it was already shown that migrating melanoma cells establish both intra- and extracellular pH gradients and that the Na+ /H+ exchanger NHE1 accumulates at the leading edges to strengthen cell-matrix interactions. However, less is known about the role of NHE1 in collective cell migration and the specific pH microenvironment at tumour cell-cell contacts. We used MV3 melanoma cells transfected with a NHE1-expressing vector or a control vector. NHE1 localization at cell-cell contacts was assessed via immunofluorescence imaging. Collective migration was analysed by live-cell imaging. The NHE1 activity and the perimembranous pH were measured both intra- and extracellularly by ratiometric fluorescence microscopy. NHE1 clearly localizes at cell-cell contacts. Its overexpression further increases migratory speed and translocation in multidirectional pathway analyses. NHE1 overexpressing MV3 cells also move further away from their neighbouring cells during wound closure assays. pH measurements revealed that the NHE1 is highly active at cell-cell contacts of melanoma cells. NHE1-mediated pH dynamics at such contact sites are more prominent in NHE1-overexpressing melanoma cells. Our findings highlight the contribution of the NHE1 towards modulation and plasticity of melanoma cell-cell contacts. We propose that its localization and functional activity at cell-cell contacts promotes evasion of single melanoma cells from the primary tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Koch
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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4
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Daniele E, Bosio L, Hussain NA, Ferrari B, Ferrari S, Barbaro V, McArdle B, Rassu N, Mura M, Parmeggiani F, Ponzin D. Denuded Descemet's membrane supports human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial cell culture. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281404. [PMID: 36745611 PMCID: PMC9901769 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical studies suggest that retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell replacement therapy may preserve vision in retinal degenerative diseases. Scaffold-based methods are being tested in ongoing clinical trials for delivering pluripotent-derived RPE cells to the back of the eye. The aim of this study was to investigate human embryonic stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelial (hESC-RPE) cells survival and behaviour on a decellularized Descemet's Membrane (DM), which may be of clinical relevance in retinal transplantation. DMs were isolated from human donor corneas and treated with thermolysin. The DM surface topology and the efficiency of the denudation method were evaluated by atomic force microscope, scanning electron microscopy and histology. hESC-RPE cells were seeded onto the endothelial-side surface of decellularized DM in order to determine the potential of the membrane to support hESC-RPE cell culture, alongside maintaining their viability. Integrity of the hESC-RPE monolayer was assessed by measuring transepithelial resistance. RPE-specific gene expression and growth factors secretion were assessed to confirm maturation and functionality of the cells over the new substrate. Thermolysin treatment did not affect the integrity of the tissue, thus ensuring a reliable method to standardize the preparation of decellularized DM. 24 hours post-seeding, hESC-RPE cell attachment and initial proliferation rate over the denuded DM were higher than hESC-RPE cells cultured on tissue culture inserts. On the new matrix, hESC-RPE cells succeeded in forming an intact monolayer with mature tight junctions. The resulting cell culture showed characteristic RPE cell morphology and proper protein localization. Gene expression analysis and VEGF secretion demonstrate DM provides supportive scaffolding and inductive properties to enhance hESC-RPE cells maturation. Decellularized DM was shown to be capable of sustaining hESC-RPE cells culture, thus confirming to be potentially a suitable candidate for retinal cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Daniele
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Veneto Eye Bank Foundation, Venice, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Noor Ahmed Hussain
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Brian McArdle
- The Eye-Bank for Sight Restoration, Inc., New York City, New York, United States of America
| | - Nicolò Rassu
- Ophthalmic Unit, Ospedale dell’Angelo, Venice, Italy
| | - Marco Mura
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Parmeggiani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- ERN-EYE Network - Center for Retinitis Pigmentosa of Veneto Region, Camposampiero Hospital, Padua, Italy
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5
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Hypoxia and Extracellular Acidification as Drivers of Melanoma Progression and Drug Resistance. Cells 2021; 10:cells10040862. [PMID: 33918883 PMCID: PMC8070386 DOI: 10.3390/cells10040862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia and elevated extracellular acidification are prevalent features of solid tumors and they are often shown to facilitate cancer progression and drug resistance. In this review, we have compiled recent and most relevant research pertaining to the role of hypoxia and acidification in melanoma growth, invasiveness, and response to therapy. Melanoma represents a highly aggressive and heterogeneous type of skin cancer. Currently employed treatments, including BRAF V600E inhibitors and immune therapy, often are not effective due to a rapidly developing drug resistance. A variety of intracellular mechanisms impeding the treatment were discovered. However, the tumor microenvironment encompassing stromal and immune cells, extracellular matrix, and physicochemical conditions such as oxygen level or acidity, may also influence the therapy effectiveness. Hypoxia and acidification are able to reprogram the metabolism of melanoma cells, enhance their survival and invasiveness, as well as promote the immunosuppressive environment. For this reason, these physicochemical features of the melanoma niche and signaling pathways related to them emerge as potential therapeutic targets.
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6
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Zhang P, Zeng J, Li Y, Yang C, Meng J, Hou Y, Gao M. Quantitative Mapping of Glutathione within Intracranial Tumors through Interlocked MRI Signals of a Responsive Nanoprobe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202014348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peisen Zhang
- Department Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zeng
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
| | - Yingying Li
- Department Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Junli Meng
- Department Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
| | - Yi Hou
- Department Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun Beijing 100190 China
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- Department Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun Beijing 100190 China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 P. R. China
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X) Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection Soochow University Suzhou 215123 China
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7
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Zhang P, Zeng J, Li Y, Yang C, Meng J, Hou Y, Gao M. Quantitative Mapping of Glutathione within Intracranial Tumors through Interlocked MRI Signals of a Responsive Nanoprobe. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:8130-8138. [PMID: 33283373 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202014348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Studies reveal that malignant tumors feature uneven distributions of some key biomarkers across the entire tumorous region. Nevertheless, only very limited progress has been made towards non-invasive and quantitative detection of tumor-specific biomarkers in vivo, especially with clinically compatible imaging modalities. Reported here is an Fe3 O4 nanoparticle-based glutathione (GSH) responsive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) probe that can form particle aggregates within tumors in vivo to give rise to strong GSH concentration dependent interlocked relaxivities. A quantitative correlation between the interlocked MRI signals and local GSH concentration was established, and further applied for mapping the heterogeneous distribution of GSH within an intracranial tumor (2.4 mm × 1.6 mm) in vivo. This methodology will offer a practical route for quantitatively mapping tumor-specific biomarkers in vivo with unlimited detection depth, which largely challenges optical-imaging-based approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peisen Zhang
- Department Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zeng
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yingying Li
- Department Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Chen Yang
- Department Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Junli Meng
- Department Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yi Hou
- Department Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Mingyuan Gao
- Department Key Laboratory of Colloid Interface and Chemical Thermodynamics, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Bei Yi Jie 2, Zhong Guan Cun, Beijing, 100190, China.,School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Institution, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China.,Center for Molecular Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
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8
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Stock C. Circulating Tumor Cells: Does Ion Transport Contribute to Intravascular Survival, Adhesion, Extravasation, and Metastatic Organotropism? Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 182:139-175. [DOI: 10.1007/112_2021_68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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9
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Becker HM. Carbonic anhydrase IX and acid transport in cancer. Br J Cancer 2020; 122:157-167. [PMID: 31819195 PMCID: PMC7051959 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-019-0642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alterations in tumour metabolism and acid/base regulation result in the formation of a hostile environment, which fosters tumour growth and metastasis. Acid/base homoeostasis in cancer cells is governed by the concerted interplay between carbonic anhydrases (CAs) and various transport proteins, which either mediate proton extrusion or the shuttling of acid/base equivalents, such as bicarbonate and lactate, across the cell membrane. Accumulating evidence suggests that some of these transporters interact both directly and functionally with CAIX to form a protein complex coined the 'transport metabolon'. Transport metabolons formed between bicarbonate transporters and CAIX require CA catalytic activity and have a function in cancer cell migration and invasion. Another type of transport metabolon is formed by CAIX and monocarboxylate transporters. In this complex, CAIX functions as a proton antenna for the transporter, which drives the export of lactate and protons from the cell. Since CAIX is almost exclusively expressed in cancer cells, these transport metabolons might serve as promising targets to interfere with tumour pH regulation and energy metabolism. This review provides an overview of the current state of research on the function of CAIX in tumour acid/base transport and discusses how CAIX transport metabolons could be exploited in modern cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holger M Becker
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, D-30559, Hannover, Germany.
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10
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Keurhorst D, Liashkovich I, Frontzek F, Nitzlaff S, Hofschröer V, Dreier R, Stock C. MMP3 activity rather than cortical stiffness determines NHE1-dependent invasiveness of melanoma cells. Cancer Cell Int 2019; 19:285. [PMID: 31728131 PMCID: PMC6842528 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-1015-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Both cell adhesion and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity depend on pH at the cell surface. By regulating extracellular juxtamembrane pH, the Na+/H+ exchanger NHE1 plays a significant part in human melanoma (MV3) cell migration and invasion. Because NHE1, besides its pH-regulatory transport function, also serves as a structural element tying the cortical actin cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane, we investigated whether NHE1 affects cortical stiffness of MV3 cells, and how this makes an impact on their invasiveness. Methods NHE1 overexpressing MV3 cells were compared to the corresponding mock-transfected control cells. NHE1 expression was verified by Western blotting, cariporide (HOE642) was used to inhibit NHE1 activity, cell stiffness was determined by atomic force microscopy, and F-actin was visualized by phalloidin-staining. Migration on, and invasion of, native and glutaraldehyde-fixed collagen I substrates were analyzed using time-lapse video microscopy and Boyden-chamber assays, respectively. MMP secretion and activity were detected by Western blot and zymography, respectively. MMP activity was inhibited with NNGH. Results The cortical, but not the bulk stiffness, was significantly higher in NHE1 overexpressing cells. This increase in cortical stiffness was accompanied by a reorganization of the cortical cytoskeleton, i.e. a condensation of F-actin underneath and along the plasma membrane. However, it was not affected by NHE1 inhibition. Nevertheless, actin dynamics is required for cell invasion as demonstrated with the application of cytochalasin D. NHE1 overexpression was associated with an elevated MMP3 secretion and an increase in the invasion of a native matrix. This increase in invasiveness could be antagonized by the MMP inhibitor NNGH. Transmigration through a glutaraldehyde-fixed, indigestible substrate was not affected by NHE1 overexpression. Conclusion NHE1, as a structural element and independently of its transport activity, contributes to the organization of the cortical F-actin meshwork and thus impacts cortical stiffness. Since NHE1 overexpression stimulates MMP3 secretion but does not change transmigration through a fixed substrate, MV3 cell invasion of a native substrate depends on MMP activity rather than on a modifiable cortical stiffness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Keurhorst
- 1Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Ivan Liashkovich
- 1Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Fabian Frontzek
- 2Department of Oncology and Hematology, University Hospital of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Svenja Nitzlaff
- 3Institute of Animal Physiology, University of Münster, Schlossplatz 8, 48143 Münster, Germany
| | - Verena Hofschröer
- 1Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Rita Dreier
- 4Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Waldeyer-Str. 15, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Stock
- 1Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, 48149 Münster, Germany.,5Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
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11
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Serasanambati M, Broza YY, Haick H. Volatile Compounds Are Involved in Cellular Crosstalk and Upregulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 3:e1900131. [PMID: 32648725 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.201900131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cell-cell cross talk is of great importance in cancer research due to its major role in proliferation, differentiation, migration, and influence on the apoptotic pathway. Different cell-cell communication mechanisms have come mainly from proteomic and genomic approaches. In this paper, a new route is reported for cross talk between cancer cells that occurs, even when they are far away from each other. Single-cell and culture analysis shows that upregulation of cancer cells emits hundreds of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) into their headspace. Part of the VOCs remains without any change, disregarding the biological environment around it. The other part of the VOCs is exchanged between monocultures of the cells as well as between co-cultures of the cells with no physical contact between them, leading to different changes in growth than when left on their own. The chemical nature and composition of these VOCs have been determined and are discussed herein. Cell-to-cell cross talk has the advantage of being suitable for transfer/diffusion over relatively long distances. It would thus be expected to serve as a shuttling pad toward the development of advanced approaches that could enable very early detection of cancer and/or monitoring of metastasis and related cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamatha Serasanambati
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Yoav Y Broza
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200003, Israel
| | - Hossam Haick
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Russell Berries Nanotechnology Institute, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Technion City, Haifa, 3200003, Israel.,Technion Integrated Cancer Center, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, 1-Efron St. Bat Galim, Haifa, 3525433, Israel
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12
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13
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Koch A, Schwab A. Cutaneous pH landscape as a facilitator of melanoma initiation and progression. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2019; 225:e13105. [PMID: 29802798 DOI: 10.1111/apha.13105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melanoma incidence is on the rise and currently causes the majority of skin cancer-related deaths. Yet, therapies for metastatic melanoma are still insufficient so that new concepts are essential. Malignant transformation of melanocytes and melanoma progression are intimately linked to the cutaneous pH landscape and its dysregulation in tumour lesions. The pH landscape of normal skin is characterized by a large pH gradient of up to 3 pH units between surface and dermis. The Na+ /H+ exchanger NHE1 is one of the major contributors of acidity in superficial skin layers. It is also activated by the most frequent mutation in melanoma, BRAFV 600E , thereby causing pH dysregulation during melanoma initiation. Melanoma progression is supported by an extracellular acidification and/or NHE1 activity which promote the escape of single melanoma cells from the primary tumour, migration and metastatic spreading. We propose that viewing melanoma against the background of the acid-base physiology of the skin provides a better understanding of the pathophysiology of this disease and allows the development of novel therapeutic concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Koch
- Institute of Physiology II; University of Münster; Münster Germany
| | - A. Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II; University of Münster; Münster Germany
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14
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Shorthouse D, Riedel A, Kerr E, Pedro L, Bihary D, Samarajiwa S, Martins CP, Shields J, Hall BA. Exploring the role of stromal osmoregulation in cancer and disease using executable modelling. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3011. [PMID: 30069015 PMCID: PMC6070494 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05414-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osmotic regulation is a vital homoeostatic process in all cells and tissues. Cells initially respond to osmotic stresses by activating transmembrane transport proteins to move osmotically active ions. Disruption of ion and water transport is frequently observed in cellular transformations such as cancer. We report that genes involved in membrane transport are significantly deregulated in many cancers, and that their expression can distinguish cancer cells from normal cells with a high degree of accuracy. We present an executable model of osmotic regulation and membrane transport in mammalian cells, providing a mechanistic explanation for phenotype change in varied disease states, and accurately predicting behaviour from single cell expression data. We also predict key proteins involved in cellular transformation, SLC4A3 (AE3), and SLC9A1 (NHE1). Furthermore, we predict and verify a synergistic drug combination in vitro, of sodium and chloride channel inhibitors, which target the osmoregulatory network to reduce cancer-associated phenotypes in fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Shorthouse
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Angela Riedel
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Emma Kerr
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Luisa Pedro
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Dóra Bihary
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Shamith Samarajiwa
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Carla P Martins
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK
| | - Jacqueline Shields
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK.
| | - Benjamin A Hall
- MRC Cancer Unit, University of Cambridge, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Box 197, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, CB2 0XZ, UK.
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Fischer GM, Gopal YV, McQuade JL, Peng W, DeBerardinis RJ, Davies MA. Metabolic strategies of melanoma cells: Mechanisms, interactions with the tumor microenvironment, and therapeutic implications. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2018; 31:11-30. [PMID: 29049843 PMCID: PMC5742019 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Melanomas are metabolically heterogeneous, and they are able to adapt in order to utilize a variety of fuels that facilitate tumor progression and metastasis. The significance of metabolism in melanoma is supported by growing evidence of impact on the efficacy of contemporary therapies for this disease. There are also data to support that the metabolic phenotypes of melanoma cells depend upon contributions from both intrinsic oncogenic pathways and extrinsic factors in the tumor microenvironment. This review summarizes current understanding of the metabolic processes that promote cutaneous melanoma tumorigenesis and progression, the regulation of cancer cell metabolism by the tumor microenvironment, and the impact of metabolic pathways on targeted and immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant M. Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030
| | - Y.N. Vashisht Gopal
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030
| | - Jennifer L. McQuade
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030
| | - Weiyi Peng
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030
| | - Ralph J. DeBerardinis
- Children’s Research Institute and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas, TX 75390
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Blvd. Dallas, TX 75390
| | - Michael A. Davies
- Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030
- Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030
- Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030
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Bulk E, Kramko N, Liashkovich I, Glaser F, Schillers H, Schnittler HJ, Oberleithner H, Schwab A. K Ca3.1 channel inhibition leads to an ICAM-1 dependent increase of cell-cell adhesion between A549 lung cancer and HMEC-1 endothelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:112268-112282. [PMID: 29348824 PMCID: PMC5762509 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Early metastasis leads to poor prognosis of lung cancer patients, whose 5-year survival rate is only 15%. We could recently show that the Ca2+ sensitive K+ channel KCa3.1 promotes aggressive behavior of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells and that it can serve as a prognostic marker in NSCLC. Since NSCLC patients die of metastases, we investigated whether KCa3.1 channels contribute to poor patient prognosis by regulating distinct steps of the metastatic cascade. We investigated the extravasation of NSCLC cells and focused on their adhesion to endothelial cells and on transendothelial migration. We quantified the adhesion forces between NSCLC cells and endothelial cells by applying single cell force spectroscopy, and we monitored transendothelial migration using live-cell imaging. Inhibition of KCa3.1 channels with senicapoc or KCa3.1 silencing increases the adhesion force of A549 lung cancer cells to human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1). Western blotting, immunofluorescence staining and biotinylation assays indicate that the elevated adhesion force is due to increased expression of ICAM-1 in both cell lines when KCa3.1 channels are downregulated. Consistent with this interpretation, an anti-ICAM-1 blocking antibody abolishes the KCa3.1-dependent increase in adhesion. Senicapoc inhibits transendothelial migration of A549 cells by 50%. Selectively silencing KCa3.1 channels in either NSCLC or endothelial cells reveals that transendothelial migration depends predominantly on endothelial KCa3.1 channels. In conclusion, our findings disclose a novel function of KCa3.1 channels in cancer. KCa3.1 channels regulate ICAM-1 dependent cell-cell adhesion between endothelial and cancer cells that affects the transmigration step of the metastatic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etmar Bulk
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Nadzeya Kramko
- Institute of Anatomy and Vascular Biology, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Ivan Liashkovich
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Felix Glaser
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Hermann Schillers
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Hans Oberleithner
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
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17
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Nikolovska K, Spillmann D, Haier J, Ladányi A, Stock C, Seidler DG. Melanoma Cell Adhesion and Migration Is Modulated by the Uronyl 2-O Sulfotransferase. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170054. [PMID: 28107390 PMCID: PMC5249195 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the vast majority of melanomas are characterized by a high metastatic potential, if detected early, melanoma can have a good prognostic outcome. However, once metastasised, the prognosis is bleak. We showed previously that uronyl-2-O sulfotransferase (Ust) and 2-O sulfation of chondroitin/dermatan sulfate (CS/DS) are involved in cell migration. To demonstrate an impact of 2-O sulfation in metastasis we knocked-down Ust in mouse melanoma cells. This significantly reduced the amount of Ust protein and enzyme activity. Furthermore, in vitro cell motility and adhesion were significantly reduced correlating with the decrease of cellular Ust protein. Single cell migration of B16VshUst(16) cells showed a decreased cell movement phenotype. The adhesion of B16V cells to fibronectin depended on α5β1 but not αvβ3 integrin. Inhibition of glycosaminoglycan sulfation or blocking fibroblast growth factor receptor (FgfR) reduced α5 integrin in B16V cell lines. Interestingly, FgfR1 expression and activation was reduced in Ust knock-down cells. In vivo, pulmonary metastasis of B16VshUst cells was prevented due to a reduction of α5 integrin. As a proof of concept UST knock-down in human melanoma cells also showed a reduction in ITGa5 and adhesion. This is the first study showing that Ust, and consequently 2-O sulfation of the low affinity receptor for FgfR CS/DS, reduces Itga5 and leads to an impaired adhesion and migration of melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Nikolovska
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Centre for Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dorothe Spillmann
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Biomedical Center, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jörg Haier
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Münster, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Andrea Ladányi
- Department of Surgical and Molecular Pathology, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Christian Stock
- Centre for Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniela G. Seidler
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Centre for Internal Medicine, Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- * E-mail:
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18
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Granja S, Tavares-Valente D, Queirós O, Baltazar F. Value of pH regulators in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2017; 43:17-34. [PMID: 28065864 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Altered metabolism, associated with acidification of the extracellular milieu, is one of the major features of cancer. As pH regulation is crucial for the maintenance of all biological functions, cancer cells rely on the activity of lactate exporters and proton transporters to regulate their intracellular pH. The major players in cancer pH regulation are proton pump ATPases, sodium-proton exchangers (NHEs), monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs), carbonic anhydrases (CAs) and anion exchangers (AEs), which have been shown to be upregulated in several human malignancies. Thanks to the activity of the proton pumps and transporters, tumours acidify their microenvironment, becoming more aggressive and resistant to therapy. Thus, targeting tumour pH may contribute to more effective anticancer strategies for controlling tumour progression and therapeutic resistance. In the present study, we review the role of the main pH regulators expressed in human cancer cells, including their diagnostic and prognostic value, as well as their usefulness as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Granja
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)/School of Medicine/University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Diana Tavares-Valente
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)/School of Medicine/University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal; IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal
| | - Odília Queirós
- IINFACTS - Institute of Research and Advanced Training in Health Sciences and Technologies, Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences (IUCS), CESPU, CRL, Gandra, Portugal; CBMA - Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology/Department of Biology/University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal
| | - Fátima Baltazar
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS)/School of Medicine/University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, 4710-057, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
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19
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Stock C, Pedersen SF. Roles of pH and the Na +/H + exchanger NHE1 in cancer: From cell biology and animal models to an emerging translational perspective? Semin Cancer Biol 2016; 43:5-16. [PMID: 28007556 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Acidosis is characteristic of the solid tumor microenvironment. Tumor cells, because they are highly proliferative and anabolic, have greatly elevated metabolic acid production. To sustain a normal cytosolic pH homeostasis they therefore need to either extrude excess protons or to neutralize them by importing HCO3-, in both cases causing extracellular acidification in the poorly perfused tissue microenvironment. The Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) is a ubiquitously expressed acid-extruding membrane transport protein, and upregulation of its expression and/or activity is commonly correlated with tumor malignancy. The present review discusses current evidence on how altered pH homeostasis, and in particular NHE1, contributes to tumor cell motility, invasion, proliferation, and growth and facilitates evasion of chemotherapeutic cell death. We summarize data from in vitro studies, 2D-, 3D- and organotypic cell culture, animal models and human tissue, which collectively point to pH-regulation in general, and NHE1 in particular, as potential targets in combination chemotherapy. Finally, we discuss the possible pitfalls, side effects and cellular escape mechanisms that need to be considered in the process of translating the plethora of basic research data into a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Stine Falsig Pedersen
- Department of Biology, Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 13, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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20
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Böhme I, Bosserhoff AK. Acidic tumor microenvironment in human melanoma. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2016; 29:508-23. [PMID: 27233233 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
One characteristic of solid tumors such as malignant melanoma is the acidification of the tumor microenvironment. The deregulation of cancer cell metabolism is considered a main cause of extracellular acidosis. Here, cancer cells utilize aerobic glycolysis instead of oxidative phosphorylation even under normoxic conditions, as originally described by Otto Warburg. These metabolic alterations cause enhanced acid production, especially of lactate and carbon dioxide (CO2 ). The extensive production of acidic metabolites and the enhanced acid export to the extracellular space cause a consistent acidification of the tumor microenvironment, thus promoting the formation of an acid-resistant tumor cell population with increased invasive and metastatic potential. As melanoma is one of the deadliest and most metastatic forms of cancer, understanding the effects of this extracellular acidosis on human melanoma cells with distinct metastatic properties is important. The aim of this review was to summarize recent studies of the acidification of the tumor microenvironment, focusing on the specific effects of the acidic milieu on melanoma cells and to give a short overview of therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ines Böhme
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Centrum, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany
| | - Anja Katrin Bosserhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Emil-Fischer-Centrum, Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany. .,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, University of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany.
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21
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Haining AWM, Lieberthal TJ, Hernández ADR. Talin: a mechanosensitive molecule in health and disease. FASEB J 2016; 30:2073-85. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201500080r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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22
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Cardone RA, Greco MR, Zeeberg K, Zaccagnino A, Saccomano M, Bellizzi A, Bruns P, Menga M, Pilarsky C, Schwab A, Alves F, Kalthoff H, Casavola V, Reshkin SJ. A novel NHE1-centered signaling cassette drives epidermal growth factor receptor-dependent pancreatic tumor metastasis and is a target for combination therapy. Neoplasia 2015; 17:155-66. [PMID: 25748234 PMCID: PMC4351296 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most lethal cancers principally because of early invasion and metastasis. The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is essential for PDAC development even in the presence of Kras, but its inhibition with erlotinib gives only a modest clinical response, making the discovery of novel EGFR targets of critical interest. Here, we revealed by mining a human pancreatic gene expression database that the metastasis promoter Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1) associates with the EGFR in PDAC. In human PDAC cell lines, we confirmed that NHE1 drives both basal and EGF-stimulated three-dimensional growth and early invasion via invadopodial extracellular matrix digestion. EGF promoted the complexing of EGFR with NHE1 via the scaffolding protein Na +/H + exchanger regulatory factor 1, engaging EGFR in a negative transregulatory loop that controls the extent and duration of EGFR oncogenic signaling and stimulates NHE1. The specificity of NHE1 for growth or invasion depends on the segregation of the transient EGFR/Na +/H + exchanger regulatory factor 1/NHE1 signaling complex into dimeric subcomplexes in different lipid raftlike membrane domains. This signaling complex was also found in tumors developed in orthotopic mice. Importantly, the specific NHE1 inhibitor cariporide reduced both three-dimensional growth and invasion independently of PDAC subtype and synergistically sensitized these behaviors to low doses of erlotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Angela Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Raffaella Greco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Katrine Zeeberg
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Angela Zaccagnino
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian Albrechts University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 7, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Mara Saccomano
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, D-37075, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Antonia Bellizzi
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Philipp Bruns
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27 b, D-48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Marta Menga
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technical University of Dresden, TU Dresden, Fetscherstraße 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Muenster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27 b, D-48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Frauke Alves
- Max-Planck-Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hermann-Rein-Str. 3, D-37075, Gottingen, Germany
| | - Holger Kalthoff
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Christian Albrechts University, Arnold-Heller-Str. 7, D-24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Valeria Casavola
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy; Centre of Excellence in Comparative Genomics (CEGBA), Bari, Italy
| | - Stephan Joel Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Via E. Orabona 4, 70125, Bari, Italy; Centre of Excellence in Comparative Genomics (CEGBA), Bari, Italy.
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23
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Grillon E, Farion R, Reuveni M, Glidle A, Rémy C, Coles JA. Spatial profiles of markers of glycolysis, mitochondria, and proton pumps in a rat glioma suggest coordinated programming for proliferation. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:207. [PMID: 26032618 PMCID: PMC4467611 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1191-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In cancer cells in vitro, the glycolytic pathway and the mitochondrial tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle are programmed to produce more precursor molecules, and relatively less ATP, than in differentiated cells. We address the questions of whether and where these changes occur in vivo in glioblastomas grown from C6 cells in rat brain. These gliomas show some spatial organization, notably in the upregulation of membrane proton transporters near the rim. Results We immunolabeled pairs of proteins (as well as DNA) on sections of rat brains containing gliomas, measured the profiles of fluorescence intensity on strips 200 µm wide and at least 3 mm long running perpendicular to the tumor rim, and expressed the intensity in the glioma relative to that outside. On averaged profiles, labeling of a marker of the glycolytic pathway, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), was, as expected, greater in the glioma. Over distances up to 2.5 mm into the glioma, expression of a marker of the TCA cycle, Tom20, a pre-protein receptor on the translocation complex of the mitochondrial outer membrane, was also upregulated. The ratio of upregulation of Tom20 to upregulation of GAPDH was, on average, slightly greater than one. Near the rim (0.4–0.8 mm), GAPDH was expressed less and there was a peak in the mean ratio of 1.16, SEM = 0.001, N = 16 pairs of profiles. An antibody to V-ATPase, which, by pumping protons into vacuoles contributes to cell growth, also indicated upregulation by about 40%. When compared directly with GAPDH, upregulation of V-ATPase was only 0.764, SD = 0.016 of GAPDH upregulation. Conclusions Although there was considerable variation between individual measured profiles, on average, markers of the glycolytic pathway, of mitochondria, and of cell proliferation showed coherent upregulation in C6 gliomas. There is a zone, close to the rim, where mitochondrial presence is upregulated more than the glycolytic pathway, in agreement with earlier suggestions that lactate is taken up by cells near the rim. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1191-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Grillon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IRMaGe, 3800, Grenoble, France. .,Inserm, US 17, 3800, Grenoble, France. .,CNRS, UMS 3552, 3800, Grenoble, France. .,CHU de Grenoble, Hopital Michallon, IRMaGe, 3800, Grenoble, France.
| | - Régine Farion
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IRMaGe, 3800, Grenoble, France. .,Inserm, US 17, 3800, Grenoble, France. .,CNRS, UMS 3552, 3800, Grenoble, France. .,CHU de Grenoble, Hopital Michallon, IRMaGe, 3800, Grenoble, France.
| | - Moshe Reuveni
- Institute of Plant Sciences, The Volcan Center, Bet Dagan, Israel.
| | - Andrew Glidle
- Department of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
| | - Chantal Rémy
- Université Grenoble Alpes, IRMaGe, 3800, Grenoble, France. .,Inserm, U 836, 3800, Grenoble, France.
| | - Jonathan A Coles
- Institute of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Glasgow, 120 University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK.
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Litan A, Langhans SA. Cancer as a channelopathy: ion channels and pumps in tumor development and progression. Front Cell Neurosci 2015; 9:86. [PMID: 25852478 PMCID: PMC4362317 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2015.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 206] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that ion channels and pumps not only regulate membrane potential, ion homeostasis, and electric signaling in excitable cells but also play important roles in cell proliferation, migration, apoptosis and differentiation. Consistent with a role in cell signaling, channel proteins and ion pumps can form macromolecular complexes with growth factors, and cell adhesion and other signaling molecules. And while cancer is still not being cataloged as a channelopathy, as the non-traditional roles of ion pumps and channels are being recognized, it is increasingly being suggested that ion channels and ion pumps contribute to cancer progression. Cancer cell migration requires the regulation of adhesion complexes between migrating cells and surrounding extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Cell movement along solid surfaces requires a sequence of cell protrusions and retractions that mainly depend on regulation of the actin cytoskeleton along with contribution of microtubules and molecular motor proteins such as mysoin. This process is triggered and modulated by a combination of environmental signals, which are sensed and integrated by membrane receptors, including integrins and cadherins. Membrane receptors transduce these signals into downstream signaling pathways, often involving the Rho GTPase protein family. These pathways regulate the cytoskeletal rearrangements necessary for proper timing of adhesion, contraction and detachment of cells in order to find their way through extracellular spaces. Migration and adhesion involve continuous modulation of cell motility, shape and volume, in which ion channels and pumps play major roles. Research on cancer cells suggests that certain ion channels may be involved in aberrant tumor growth and channel inhibitors often lead to growth arrest. This review will describe recent research into the role of ion pumps and ion channels in cell migration and adhesion, and how they may contribute to tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa Litan
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Sigrid A Langhans
- Nemours Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Alfred I. duPont Hospital for Children Wilmington, DE, USA
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25
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Stock C, Schwab A. Ion channels and transporters in metastasis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2638-46. [PMID: 25445667 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
An elaborate interplay between ion channels and transporters, components of the cytoskeleton, adhesion molecules, and signaling cascades provides the basis for each major step of the metastatic cascade. Ion channels and transporters contribute to cell motility by letting through or transporting ions essential for local Ca2+, pH and--in cooperation with water permeable aquaporins--volume homeostasis. Moreover, in addition to the actual ion transport they, or their auxiliary subunits, can display non-conducting activities. They can exert kinase activity in order to phosphorylate cytoskeletal constituents or their associates. They can become part of signaling processes by permeating Ca2+, by generating local pH-nanodomains or by being final downstream effectors. A number of channels and transporters are found at focal adhesions, interacting directly or indirectly with proteins of the extracellular matrix, with integrins or with components of the cytoskeleton. We also include the role of aquaporins in cell motility. They drive the outgrowth of lamellipodia/invadopodia or control the number of β1 integrins in the plasma membrane. The multitude of interacting ion channels and transporters (called transportome) including the associated signaling events holds great potential as therapeutic target(s) for anticancer agents that are aimed at preventing metastasis. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Stock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Albrecht Schwab
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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26
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Spugnini EP, Sonveaux P, Stock C, Perez-Sayans M, De Milito A, Avnet S, Garcìa AG, Harguindey S, Fais S. Proton channels and exchangers in cancer. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1848:2715-26. [PMID: 25449995 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2014.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Although cancer is characterized by an intratumoral genetic heterogeneity, a totally deranged pH control is a common feature of most cancer histotypes. Major determinants of aberrant pH gradient in cancer are proton exchangers and transporters, including V-ATPase, Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE), monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) and carbonic anhydrases (CAs). Thanks to the activity of these proton transporters and exchangers, cancer becomes isolated and/or protected not only from the body reaction against the growing tumor, but also from the vast majority of drugs that when protonated into the acidic tumor microenvironment do not enter into cancer cells. Proton transporters and exchangers represent a key feature tumor cells use to survive in the very hostile microenvironmental conditions that they create and maintain. Detoxifying mechanisms may thus represent both a key survival option and a selection outcome for cells that behave as unicellular microorganisms rather than belonging to an organ, compartment or body. It is, in fact, typical of malignant tumors that, after a clinically measurable yet transient initial response to a therapy, resistant tumor clones emerge and proliferate, thus bursting a more malignant behavior and rapid tumor progression. This review critically presents the background of a novel and efficient approach that aims to fight cancer through blocking or inhibiting well characterized proton exchangers and transporters active in human cancer cells. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane channels and transporters in cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Pierluigi Spugnini
- Anti-Cancer Drug Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (National Institute of Health), Rome, Italy
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christian Stock
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mario Perez-Sayans
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Angelo De Milito
- Cancer Center Karolinska, Department of Oncology-Pathology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Laboratory for Orthopaedic Pathophysiology and Regenerative Medicine, Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Abel Garcìa Garcìa
- Oral Medicine, Oral Surgery and Implantology Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Stefano Fais
- Anti-Cancer Drug Section, Department of Drug Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità (National Institute of Health), Rome, Italy.
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Frontzek F, Nitzlaff S, Horstmann M, Schwab A, Stock C. Functional interdependence of NHE1 and merlin in human melanoma cells. Biochem Cell Biol 2014; 92:530-40. [PMID: 25275700 DOI: 10.1139/bcb-2014-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) has been correlated with tumor malignancy. In contrast, moesin-radixin-ezrin-like protein (merlin) is a tumor suppressor that protects from cancerogenesis. Merlin is highly related to the members of the ezrin, radixin, and moesin (ERM) protein family that are directly attached to and functionally linked with NHE1. In addition, merlin inhibits the MAPK cascade and the Rho-GTPases known to activate NHE1 activity. The present study investigates whether NHE1 expression and activity affect merlin or, conversely, whether merlin has an impact on NHE1 in human melanoma (MV3) cells. Indeed, features of merlin-deficient MV3 cells point to a functional link: merlin-deficient cells showed a decreased NHE1 expression and, paradoxically, an increase in NHE1 activity as measured upon cytosolic acidification (NH4Cl prepulse method). Loss of merlin also led to an elevated cell motility that could be further increased by NHE1 overexpression, whereas NHE1 overexpression alone had no effect on migration. In contrast, neither NHE1 expression nor its activity had an impact on merlin expression. These results suggest a novel tumor suppressor function of merlin in melanoma cells: the inhibition of the proto-oncogenic NHE1 activity, possibly including its downstream signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Frontzek
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Robert-Koch-Str. 27b, D-48149 Münster, Germany
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